天蚕卵黄原蛋白的合成、运转与沉积

系统测定了天蚕Antheraea yamamai吐丝结茧至成虫期脂肪体、血淋巴和卵巢中卵黄蛋白和可溶性蛋白总含量的动态变化。结果表明,脂肪体是卵黄原蛋白(Vg)合成场所,Vg合成始于吐丝结茧后第4天;脂肪体、血淋巴中Vg滴度在吐丝结茧后第4天开始上升,化蛹后第6天或第8天达高峰,成虫羽化第1天则明显下降。卵巢对Vg摄取始于化蛹第1天,此后随蛹日龄逐渐上升,并渐趋平稳。同一卵巢管中卵黄蛋白(Vt)含量自顶端至基端随卵室增大而逐渐升高,不同日龄蛹中相应序号卵室的Vt含量以日龄大者为高;卵室中Vt含量与卵室体积大小呈正线性关系。电镜观察表明,Vg被卵母细胞摄入后以卵黄体形式存在,不同发育阶段卵巢中卵母细胞内卵黄体大小不同,以早期者为小;同一卵巢管中不同卵母细胞内卵黄体以顶端为小,基端明显增大,且卵黄体呈网状。     

天蚕卵黄发生的激素调控

报告了蜕皮激素和保幼激素对天蚕Antheraea yamamai卵黄发生的调控作用。当单独以20－羟基蜕皮酮或保幼激素类似物methoprene处理,以及同时用这两种激素处理天蚕蛹时,蛹期脂肪体和血淋巴中卵黄原蛋白（Vg)含量明显高于对照,即二对Vg的合成起促进作用。然而,卵巢中卵黄蛋白（Vt)含量则因激素种类而异,以保幼激素处理时明显低于对照,以20－羟基蜕皮酮处理则反之,即前抑制卵巢对Vg的摄取,而后则起促进作用。离体培养脂肪体并以激素处理的结果表明,20－羟基蜕皮酮和methoprene均能促进Vg合成,但前作用更。综合考虑上述结果可以认为蜕皮激素对该蚕的卵黄发生起主要调控作用。     

杀蟑胶饵室内药效及德国小蠊对氟虫腈抗药性研究

【目的】本文通过测定杀蟑胶饵对德国小蠊Blattellagermanica(L.)和美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana (L.)的致死效果,以及德国小蠊对杀虫剂氟虫腈的抗性,从而为胶饵选择和蟑螂的化学防治提供参考。【方法】用饲喂法在实验室测定了7种国产杀蟑胶饵及5种美国产杀蟑胶饵或毒饵站对德国小蠊的致死效果,5种国产蟑螂胶饵对美洲大蠊的致死效果,以及对5种国产蟑螂胶饵陈化1个月后对德国小蠊的致死效果。并采用点滴法测定了两个德国小蠊野外品系对氟虫腈的抗性。【结果】7种中国产胶饵中,5种对德国小蠊抗性和非抗性品系在第7天的校正死亡率高于91%。其中韩世和克贝特对德国小蠊的药效显著慢于绿叶、宏宇洁和优士。绿叶、宏宇洁和优士对美洲大蠊在第7天的校正死亡率均高于89%。陈化1个月后的胶饵只有克贝特对蟑螂的致死率有较大降低。美国产胶饵或毒饵站对德国小蠊的致死率均大于82%。点滴法抗性测定结果显示德国小蠊的两个野外品系(Cincy,Irvington)对氟虫腈生理抗性指数分别是4.3和115.1。【结论】不同胶饵对德国小蠊和美洲大蠊的致死效果有明显差异。尽管德国小蠊Irvington品系对氟虫腈表现为高抗性,含0.05%氟虫腈的胶饵仍然对它有效。     

两种昆虫生长调节剂对嗜虫书虱的致死作用

系统测定了灭幼宝（Pyriproxyfen)和烯虫酯（Methoprene) 2种昆虫生长调节剂对储藏物主要害虫嗜虫书虱（Liposcelis entomophila)的生物活性。采用饲料混药法,针对不同浓度的灭幼宝和烯虫酯分别对嗜虫书虱若虫的致死作用,对若虫发育历期,成虫繁殖力和卵孵化率的影响设置不同处理和重复。结果表明,灭幼宝对嗜虫书虱若虫的致死作用非常明显,其效果比烯虫酯好;不同浓度的灭幼宝使若虫的发育历期明显延长; 灭幼宝和烯虫酯对嗜虫书虱的成虫无杀伤作用,但对成虫的产卵量有明显的抑制作用,两者的作用浓度却相差5倍。灭幼宝对卵的孵化率影响更大,因而具有更显著的杀卵效果。     

外源保幼激素对异色瓢虫卵巢发育及生殖相关基因转录水平的影响

【目的】本研究旨在明确外源保幼激素(juvenile hormone, JH)对异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis成虫卵巢发育以及生殖信号通路中关键基因转录水平的影响。【方法】以萝卜蚜Lipaphis erysimi饲喂的异色瓢虫雌成虫为空白对照组,以点滴同体积丙酮的雌成虫为溶剂对照组,对人工饲料饲喂的羽化后第2天的雌成虫点滴不同剂量(80, 120和160 ng/头)JHⅢ 1, 3, 5, 7和9 d后,解剖成虫卵巢,拍照并测量卵巢长度及其第一卵室的长度和宽度。利用qPCR分析在最适JHⅢ剂量(120 ng/头)处理后1, 5和9 d的异色瓢虫雌成虫生殖信号通路中关键基因JH受体methoprene-tolerant (Met)基因、krüppel homolog 1(Kr-h1)基因、卵黄原蛋白(vitellogenin, Vg)基因(Vg1和Vg2)和卵黄原蛋白受体(vitellogeninreceptor, VgR)基因表达水平。【结果】与溶剂对照组相比,点滴80和120 ng/头剂量JHⅢ可促进异色瓢虫成虫卵巢发育,其中120 ng/头剂量JHⅢ处理羽化后第2天雌成虫后7 d卵巢中出现大量卵黄沉积,与萝卜蚜饲喂的空白对照组卵巢发育状态一致,卵巢长度以及第一卵室的长度和宽度均显著高于溶剂对照组的;160 ng/头剂量JHⅢ处理则抑制卵巢发育。qPCR结果表明,120 ng/头剂量JHⅢ处理后5和9 d雌成虫中HaMet, HaKr-h1, HaVg1, HaVg2和HaVgR基因表达量较对照组(丙酮处理组)均增加,其中处理后5 dHaMet, HaVg1和HaVgR基因表达量分别为对照组的2.78, 13.14和8.28倍,处理后9 d分别为对照组的2.36,1.85和2.01倍,差异极显著。【结论】120 ng/头JHⅢ可促进异色瓢虫成虫卵巢发育,上调处理后5和9 d时雌成虫HaMet, HaKr-h1, HaVg和HaVgR基因表达量;推测这些关键基因在保幼激素调控异色瓢虫卵巢发育及卵黄形成过程发挥重要作用。     

饵料蛋白质水平对德国小蠊营养效应及氮代谢的影响

【目的】本研究旨在探究饵料蛋白质水平对德国小蠊Blattella germanica营养利用及氮代谢的影响,为蟑螂毒饵的研发提供新思路。【方法】采用标准重量分析法评估了取食4种不同蛋白质水平(5%, 25%, 45%和65%)饵料的德国小蠊雄成虫营养效率指数和氮利用率;利用分光光度法测定了取食不同蛋白水平饵料的德国小蠊雄成虫体内黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase, XOD)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT)活性及尿酸含量。【结果】取食65%蛋白质饵料组的德国小蠊雄成虫的相对取食量最高,而取食45%蛋白质饵料组的雄成虫食物利用率、食物转化率及相对生长率均显著高于取食5%和65%蛋白质饵料组的雄成虫。且德国小蠊雄成虫体内氮、粪便氮、氮消耗速率、氮排泄率、氮生成率、氮同化效率、黄嘌呤氧化酶活性和尿酸含量均随饵料蛋白质水平的提高而提高,但65%蛋白质饵料组氮利用率最低,45%蛋白质饵料组谷草转氨酶活性最高,25%和45%蛋白质饵料组谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于5%和65%蛋白质饵料组。【结论】适量蛋白质饵料有利于德国小蠊对食物及氮的利用,而高蛋白质含量条件下德国小蠊谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性下降,说明高蛋白不利于德国小蠊利用食物,且增加其代谢负担。     

美洲大蠊醇提物对大鼠抗氧化应激的影响

目的研究美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana醇提物对大鼠血清和卵巢抗氧化指标的影响。方法 17只成年雌性SD大鼠适应饲养7 d后,随机分为3组:对照组(9 m L·kg~(-1),生理盐水)5只、低剂量组(9 m L·kg~(-1),0.03 g·m L~(-1)美洲大蠊醇提物)6只、高剂量组(9 m L·kg~(-1),0.09 g·m L~(-1)美洲大蠊醇提物)6只。每2天灌胃1次,共饲养30 d。实验结束后,采集大鼠血清和卵巢,检测血清中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、一氧化氮(NO)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)指标和卵巢中SOD、GSH-PX、CAT基因表达的变化。结果与对照组相比,高剂量组(P=0.085)、低剂量组(P=0.091)血清中的NO含量均有降低的趋势;高剂量和低剂量的美洲大蠊醇提物均显著提高了大鼠血清中的SOD含量(P<0.05),同时,高剂量组血清中的MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05);此外,高剂量组和低剂量组卵巢SOD基因的表达显著升高(P<0.05)。结论美洲大蠊醇提物升高了大鼠血清SOD的含量,降低了NO和MDA的含量,同时,还提高了卵巢SOD基因的表达,说明美洲大蠊醇提物对大鼠卵巢具有一定的抗氧化应激功能。     

三种寄生蜂虫体可溶性蛋白组成及蝶蛹金小蜂卵黄蛋白的分子特性分析(英文)

聚丙烯凝胶电泳PAGE和毛细管电泳分析结果表明 ,蝶蛹金小蜂雌蜂个体和卵巢中明显存在雌性特异蛋白 ,即卵黄蛋白。但茧蜂科的螟长距茧蜂Macrocentruslinears和菜蛾盘绒茧蜂Cotesiaplutella雌雄虫体可溶性蛋白间无明显差异。SDS PAGE梯度电泳结果表明 ,蝶蛹金小蜂卵黄原蛋白 (Vg)和卵黄磷蛋白 (Vt)均由二个分子量接近的亚基组成 ,分子量各为 74 4和 5 2 8KD。双向免疫扩散和PAGE梯度电泳都显示该蜂隐成蜂的雌性虫体及雌蜂血淋巴、脂肪体和卵巢中都有Vg或Vt,且卵黄原蛋白是由雌蜂脂肪体合成     

灭幼脲对粘虫不育作用的机理

通过一系列组织学观察和生物化学测定,研究了灭幼脲在粘虫Mythimna seporata(Walkcr)雌蛾体内及其所产卵内的作用及影响。 灭幼脲(50ppm)经雌蛾连续取食后,卵巢中DNA、RNA的合成及卵巢对血淋巴中蛋白质的吸取均被促进, 卵巢细胞核中DNA、RNA及蛋白质的含量均比正常雌蛾增加,卵巢发育及卵子形成亦被促进,产卵量正常。粘虫生殖系统未受灭幼脲的抑制。胚胎发育阶段细胞核及线粒体中DNA的含量均因雌蛾取食灭幼脲而降低,但胚胎发育并不中断,幼虫分化可达黑头期。灭幼脲导致粘虫所产卵不能孵化的主要原因在于幼虫分化过程中体壁及气管系统的形成受到严重抑制。体壁皮细胞缩小呈扁平形,无细胞核,连成线状,有断裂;原表皮缺乏或极薄。虫体内无气管分布。幼虫死于卵壳内。灭幼脲的不育作用和直接杀卵作用实质上都是对正在分化幼虫中几丁质合成的抑制。本文对灭幼脲的毒理机制进行了讨论。     

饵料蛋白水平对德国小蠊肠道细菌群落的影响

昆虫肠道微生物在宿主营养代谢、生长发育、免疫以及抵御病原菌等方面具有重要作用。研究不同蛋白水平饵料饲养对德国小蠊（Blattella germanica）雄成虫肠道细菌群落组成及其功能的作用，探究德国小蠊肠道细菌对宿主营养和健康的影响，以期为发展生物防治的诱食性饵料提供理论支持。分别取连续饲喂低蛋白（LP2组：5%）、高蛋白（HP3组：65%）以及正常蛋白水平饵料（CD1组：25%）21 d的德国小蠊雄成虫，饥饿24 h后无菌条件下分离并提取肠道总基因组DNA，采用特异引物扩增细菌16S rDNA的V4可变区并进行高通量测序，分析德国小蠊肠道细菌群落组成及其功能特征。结果表明德国小蠊肠道细菌主要由拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、梭杆菌门（Fusobacteria）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）等细菌群落组成。饲喂低蛋白饵料LP2组的德国小蠊肠道细菌中拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）细菌丰度（47.44%）显著高于HP3组（23.97%）和对照CD1（7.04%）。饲喂高蛋白饵料的HP3组梭杆菌门丰度显著高于其他两组。LEfSe物种差异分析也表明HP3组德国小蠊肠道细菌中梭杆菌属（Fusobacterium）细菌与低蛋白饵料LP2组和对照CD1组有显著差异。基于Tax4Fun功能预测显示，HP3高蛋白饵料组的德国小蠊肠道细菌中与能量代谢功能相关基因的相对丰度极显著高于对照组CD1组，外源性物质代谢与降解和其他氨基酸代谢功能基因的相对丰度显著高于低蛋白LP2组。本研究结果表明饵料中蛋白质水平的差异能够显著改变德国小蠊肠道中细菌群落结构组成，并影响其代谢功能。     

METHOPRENE INFLUENCES REPRODUCTION AND FLIGHT CAPACITY IN ADULTS OF THE RICE LEAF ROLLER,Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis (GUENỂE) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

Juvenile hormone (JH) influences many aspects of insect biology, including oogenesis‐flight syndrome tradeoffs between migration and reproduction. Drawing on studies of many migratory insects, we posed the hypothesis that JH influences migratory capacity and oogenesis in the rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. We treated adults moths (days 1, 2 and 3 postemergence) with the JH analog (JHA), methoprene, and then recorded the influences of JHA treatments on reproduction. JHA treatment on day 1 postemergence, but not on the other days, shortened the preoviposition period, although JHA did not influence total fecundity, oviposition period, or longevity. We infer day 1 postemergence is the JH‐sensitive stage to influence reproduction. Therefore, we treated moths on day 1 postemergence with JHA and recorded flight capacity, flight muscle mass, and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. JHA treatments did not influence flight speed, but led to reductions in flight durations and flight distances. At day 3 posttreatment (PT), JHA‐treated females flew shorter times and less distance than the controls; JHA‐treated males, however, only flew shorter times than the controls. JHA treatments led to reductions in flight muscle mass in females at days 2–3 PT and reductions in TAG content in females at day 3 PT, but, these parameters were not influenced by JHA in males. These findings strongly support our hypothesis, from which we infer that JH is a major driver in C. medinalis oogenesis‐flight syndrome tradeoffs. Our data also reveal a JH‐sensitive stage in adulthood during which JH influences the oocyte‐flight syndrome in C. medinalis.     

Influence of Pyriproxyfen on the Expression of Haemolymph Protein Genes in the Colorado Potato Beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Pyriproxyfen, a potent juvenile hormone analogue for the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, was applied topically to last-instar larvae and short-day adults at different times after moulting. The effect of the hormone analogue on concentration and composition of protein in the haemolymph was studied at different intervals after pyriproxyfen application. The hormone analogue had little effect on total protein concentration of the haemolymph, but affected protein composition. Diapause protein 1 was prevented from being synthesized if pyriproxyfen was applied before the gene was activated and disappeared from the haemolymph if applied after the gene had been expressed. It therefore inactivated the gene for diapause protein in both larvae and adults. Pyriproxyfen also induced appearance of vitellogenin at both stages, indicating induction of expression of the vitellogenin gene. It also affected the stability of mRNA for diapause protein. The analogue caused mRNA for diapause protein 1 to disappear untimely compared to controls in last-instar larvae and short-day adults. The response of adults to the JHA was much more pronounced than that of larvae, although the analogue had a strong biological effect on last-instar larvae because it prevented metamorphosis at low doses. Copyright 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved     

Effects of starvation on the vitellogenesis,ovarian development and fecundity in the ectoparasitoid,Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

A female‐specific protein, vitellogenin (Vg), and its corresponding egg vitellin (Vt) are identified in the ectoparasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Both native Vt and Vg have a molecular mass of about 350 kDa, which is composed of two subunits of approximately 190 kDa and 165 kDa under reducing and denaturing conditions (sodium dodecyl sulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). An indirect sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay developed with both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against N. vitripennis Vt. Vg was first detected in the hemolymph on the 10th day after parasitism, and was first observed in oocytes on the 12th day. In adults deprived of food, the highest hemolymph Vg level occurred at the time of adult eclosion and the highest level of Vt in ovaries was found at 30 h after eclosion. In contrast, feeding adults with 20% sucrose resulted in the reduction of Vt uptake by ovaries and the extension of life span, but had little effect on Vg production. Deprived of hosts, starvation of female wasps had no significant effects on ovariole growth and oocyte maturation before the wasps died. However, starvation of female wasps supplied with hosts accelerated the wasps laying progeny into hosts, but resulted in a decrease of total progeny production by comparison with wasps fed with 20% sucrose.     

早熟素II对家蝇卵黄发生的影响

本实验通过卵巢发育分级的解剖观察、可溶性蛋白质和核酸的定量测定、火箭免疫电泳定量测定卵黄原蛋白及激素处理等方法,研究了早熟素对家蝇(Muscadomestica vicina)卵黄发生的影响。试验结果表明用20ug早熟素处理每头刚羽化家蝇时,家蝇卵黄发生处于不完全抑制状态,其卵黄发生过程比对照组“延迟”约12小时。处理后48小时,血淋巴中卵黄原蛋白的滴度为lo.5ug/ul,接近对照组,而其卵巢鲜重和发育等级明显低于对照组,这种不完全抑制状态表明卵母细胞对卵黄原蛋白的吸收作用受到抑制。当用高剂量100ug早熟素11处理每头刚羽化家蝇时,血淋巴中卵黄原蛋白滴度、卵巢鲜重及其发育均受到明显的抑制,这种抑制效应能自然恢复。 当早熟素11和保幼激素(JH-III)、20-羟基蜕皮酮共同处理时,保幼激素具有明显的去抑制作用,可使血淋巴中卵黄蛋白浓度成倍增加,20-羟基蜕皮酮的去抑制效应不明显。本文还对早熟素作用于双翅目昆虫的方式作了讨论。     

Vitellin of Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a pupal endoparasitoid of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): Biochemical characterization, temporal patterns of production and degradation

Vitellin (Vt) and vitellogenin (Vg) profiles were analyzed in Pteromalus puparum, a pupal endoparasitoid of Pieris rapae. Non-denaturing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analyses indicated that both native Vt and Vg were likely 370 kDa in size, consisting of two subunits of approximate 206 and 165 kDa. An indirect double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monitoring hemolymph Vg and ovarian Vt levels was developed using a monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal antibody made specially against P. puparum Vt. The synthesis and uptake of Vg in this wasp was initiated immediately after adult eclosion. The hemolymph Vg and ovarian Vt reached their highest level of 0.58 and 4.51 microg per female 24 and 48 h after adult eclosion, respectively. Both Vg synthesis and uptake were in parallel with ovarian development. The Vt levels in the developing embryos decreased progressively except 12h after parasitism. Meanwhile, nine new polypeptides with sizes ranging from 59.2 to 151 kDa, possibly resulting from the limited proteolysis of Vt originally accumulated in newly laid eggs, were detected de-novo during embryonic development using Western blotting with the monoclonal antibody against Vt. These studies provide the basis for future investigation into endocrinal regulations of vitellogenesis and understanding the reproductive strategy in this wasp.     

Incorporation of pyriproxyfen in a German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) management program

Pyriproxyfen (Nylar), a juvenile hormone analog (JHA), and acephate were used in a German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), management program. Monthly applications of acephate for 6 mo reduced nightly trap catches from 24.68-25.25 to 4.46-5.31 at 2 mo, and trap catches averaged 1.49-8.04 from 2-6 mo. After acephate applications were discontinued, trap catches increased from 6.86 at 7 mo to 28.08 at 12 mo. Pyriproxyfen was applied at months 0, 3, and 6. Monthly pyriproxyfen treatments were applied from 7 to 11 mo because, at month 6, only 21.00-27.30% of adults had wing twisting (one effect of pyriproxyfen exposure). These monthly applications resulted in 74.55-78.53% of adults with twisted wings in the German cockroach population at 12 mo. Trap catches in apartments treated with pyriproxyfen aerosol were significantly lower at 7, 8, 10, and 12 mo after the initial treatment than those that did not receive JHA treatment. At 7-12 mo, the pyriproxyfen residual spray did not significantly reduce German cockroach populations, but trap catches were consistently lower. German cockroach populations were sampled for 1 yr (from 13 to 24 mo) after pyriproxyfen applications were discontinued. Compared with those in apartments treated with acephate, trap catches in apartments treated with pyriproxyfen were significantly reduced from 12 to 18 mo after the initial treatment. At 18-24 mo, trap catches in apartments treated with pyriproxyfen aerosol were consistently lower than those treated with acephate, but these differences were not significant.     

Endocrine control of oögenesis in the housefly,Musca domestica vicina

The endocrine system involved in the control of oögenesis in the housefly, Musca domestica vicina, was investigated. Allatectomy, decapitation, and starvation of newly emerged females resulted in inhibition of oögenesis, showing a close relationship between enlargement of the corpus allatum and growth of follicles during the first oögenesis. Histological observation of sexually matured females showed active secretion of the corpus allatum and the medial neurosecretory cells of pars intercerebralis. Topical application of juvenile hormone analogues (JHA) to the allatectomized fly induced the growth of ovary, and critical doses of methoprene and methyl-7, 11-diethyl-juvenate for the maturation of the ovary were determined. JHA stimulated initiationof oögenesis in the starved or decapitated flies as well as vitellogenesis in the sugar-fed one; subsequently it was found that juvenile hormone acted not only as a gonadotropin but also as a regulator of vitellogenesis. Furthermore, JHA stimulated cell lysis in pupal fat body of female flies, indicating a possible influence of juvenile hormone upon the process of releasing vitellogenin.     

高温对稻褐飞虱发育与生殖的影响

通过高温处理及交配产卵实验,探讨了高温对稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)发育与生殖的影响。研究了不同高温条件对褐飞虱若虫发育历期、产卵量、产卵前期、寿命等生物学特性的影响。34℃以上高温导致褐飞虱若虫发育历期延长。高温处理4龄若虫使羽化后的雌成虫产卵量减少。高温处理不同日龄雌成虫也致使其产卵量减少,其中以1日龄短翅型、3日龄长翅型的产卵量影响最大。高温处理后褐飞虱寿命缩短。高温恒温处理,对短翅型雌成虫的产卵前期影响不大,但能延长长翅型雌成虫的产卵前期;而高温变温处理致使短、长翅型雌成虫的产卵前期均延长。高温变温对褐飞虱生殖的影响程度大于高温恒温。高温处理组雌、雄成虫与对照组相应的成虫交配试验表明,高温对雌性的影响大于雄性。实验初步确定34℃为对褐飞虱发育与生殖产生影响的临界温度。     

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF VITELLOGENIN IN THE OVARY AND FAT BODY DURING A REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF THE COCKROACH, BLATTELLA GERMANICA

Vitellogenin was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the ovary and fat body during a reproductive cycle. In terminal oocytes of 4-day adults, vitellogenin began to appear in yolk spherules at the cell periphery. The vitellogenin-containing spherules increased in size and number to occupy the whole cell 2 days later. In the female fat body, vitellogenin began to appear in 3-day adults. It was distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm, at a much lower concentration than in the oocytes, during the vitellogenic period. In 11-day adults whose vitellogenesis had terminated, a higher concentration of vitellogenin was found in the cytoplasmic inclusions of the fat body. Vitellogenin was not detected in the male fat body.