铁皮石斛原球茎多糖DCPP1a-1的理化性质及抗肿瘤活性

铁皮石斛原球茎粗多糖(DCPP)经阴离子交换纤维素柱(DEAE-52)和凝胶柱(Sephadex G-200)色谱分离纯化,得灰色粉末状多糖DCPP1 a-1。采用薄层层析、高效液相色谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱和高碘酸钠氧化等方法进行组成结构分析;并研究了DCPP1 a-1的体内抗肿瘤作用。结果表明,DCPP1 a-1为均一组分,具有α-吡喃糖苷键,分子中1→6键、1→2/1→4键、1→3键所占的比例分别为4.0%,52.1%和44.9%,平均分子量为189kD,由甘露糖和葡萄糖按7.015∶1的摩尔比组成,是首次从原球茎中分离出的新型多糖。多糖DCPP1 a-1的三个剂量组50、150、250 mg/kg对H22肝癌小鼠有不同程度的抑瘤作用,抑瘤率分别为28.6%、19.3%和15.7%。其中以低剂量组的抑瘤效果最好(P<0.05),并显著提高了胸腺和脾指数(P<0.05)。     

低温和外源NO对铁皮石斛原球茎多糖合成的影响

以铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)原球茎为材料,研究了低温(4℃)、外源NO(NO供体SNP)以及NO清除剂(cPTIO)和一氧化氮合酶抑制剂(PBITU)对铁皮石斛原球茎中NO含量、蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性、多糖含量以及蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖等糖含量的影响,以明确低温和內源NO在多糖合成中的关系。结果显示:(1)4℃低温处理下,铁皮石斛原球茎中NO含量显著上升,SS活性升高,蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量增加,多糖含量也得到提高;SNP(0.5mmol·L-1)处理与4℃低温处理具有相似的效果;且低温诱导的铁皮石斛原球茎中SS活性提高和多糖含量的增加时期均在NO大量产生之后、蔗糖的积累早于果糖和葡萄糖。(2)4℃低温+SNP组合处理能够显著提高铁皮石斛原球茎中SS活性、NO含量以及蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖和多糖含量,它们分别比对照组显著高出了68.04%,96.20%,60.69%、45.64%、66.90%和67.03%,且比低温和SNP单独处理效果都好。(3)PBITU能够部分抑制低温诱发铁皮石斛原球茎中产生NO,抑制率达到77.15%;同时还抑制了低温对铁皮石斛原球茎中SS活性、多糖合成和蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖积累的促进作用。(4)SNP+cPTIO和4℃+cPTIO处理组中铁皮石斛原球茎SS活性和蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、多糖含量及NO水平,且与对照组差异不显著。研究表明,低温和外源NO对铁皮石斛原球茎多糖的合成均具有促进作用,并且低温可诱导铁皮石斛原球茎产生NO,SS活性提高和多糖含量增加与NO产生相关,说明NO是诱导铁皮石斛原球茎多糖合成所必需的信号分子。     

四种添加物对铁皮石斛原球茎生长及多糖含量的影响

为探讨铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)培养基中添加物的作用,在1/2MS培养基中加入椰肉、甘蔗渣、香蕉皮和麦麸等4种添加物,研究不同浓度添加物和培养时间对原球茎生长和多糖含量的影响。结果表明,4种添加物对铁皮石斛原球茎的增殖、分化和多糖含量均有一定影响,其中添加15.0 g L–1甘蔗渣,培养60 d能明显促进铁皮石斛原球茎的增殖与分化(146.1%);而添加20.0 g L–1甘蔗渣,培养40 d能显著提高铁皮石斛原球茎多糖含量(50.4%)。这说明甘蔗渣是培养铁皮石斛原球茎的适宜添加物,既能促进铁皮石斛原球茎的生长发育,还能降低生产成本。     

氮源和真菌诱导子对铁皮石斛原球茎悬浮培养的影响

利用正交实验设计研究不同种类和浓度的氮源对铁皮石斛原球茎生长的影响,利用完全随机实验设计研究不同真菌诱导子对铁皮石斛原球茎生长和多糖积累的影响.结果表明硝态氮促进铁皮石斛原球茎鲜重和干重的增加( P ＜0.05);铵态氮促进铁皮石斛原球茎鲜重增加( P ＜0.05).无论鲜重还是干重,硝态氮和铵态氮的影响均不存在互作,最佳组合为:67-V培养液 100 mg/L (NH4)2SO4 800 mg/L KNO3 30 g/L蔗糖 200 g/L马铃薯提取汁.F检验的结果表明,14种真菌诱导子对铁皮石斛原球茎生物量的增加(鲜重与干重)均无显著性影响( P ＞0.05).但与对照铁皮石斛原球茎的多糖含量相比,真菌诱导子g6、g14、g5、g4处理可使其多糖含量分别提高14%、9%、6%、4%.本研究获得了有利于铁皮石斛原球茎生长的硝态氮和铵态氮的最佳搭配方案以及有利于铁皮石斛原球茎积累多糖的四种真菌诱导子,表明通过液体悬浮培养生产铁皮石斛原球茎及其多糖成分具有较好的开发应用前景.     

铁皮石斛抗阿司匹林诱导急性胃黏膜损伤活性组分筛选及作用研究

筛选铁皮石斛抗阿司匹林诱导急性胃黏膜损伤的活性组分,并探讨其抗胃粘膜损伤的作用。体外采用阿司匹林诱导人胃黏膜上皮GES-1细胞氧化应激损伤,铁皮石斛各组分预保护GES-1细胞24 h,MTS法检测细胞存活率,并通过比色法测定细胞上清液中乳酸脱氢酶LDH含量;体内采用阿司匹林建立SD大鼠急性胃黏膜损伤模型,灌胃给予铁皮石斛各组分,连续给药7 d后以溃疡指数评价铁皮石斛各组分抗阿司匹林致胃黏膜损伤作用,并通过测定胃液量、总酸度、胃蛋白酶活力、血清中一氧化氮(NO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)以及胃组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、前列腺素E2(PGE2),分析其可能的作用机制。结果表明,与模型组比较,铁皮石斛多糖组受损细胞活力显著升高,细胞上清液LDH含量显著降低,其它各组分细胞存活率及细胞上清液LDH含量与模型组无显著性差异;与模型组比较,铁皮石斛多糖组分显著降低胃溃疡模型大鼠的胃溃疡指数,抑制胃液分泌和胃酸含量及降低胃蛋白酶活性;与模型组比较,铁皮石斛多糖各组大鼠血清NO明显升高,TNF-α、IL-6显著降低,铁皮石斛多糖各组大鼠胃组织MDA水平明显降低,SOD、PGE2水平显著升高。铁皮石斛多糖有显著的抗阿司匹林诱导胃黏膜损伤作用。     

硝酸镧和兰科菌根真菌对铁皮石斛生理特性的影响

利用盆栽的方式研究了不同硝酸镧水平(0、1.0、3.0、5.0和7.0mg·L-1)下接种兰科菌根真菌对铁皮石斛生物量、多糖和蛋白质合成的影响,并分析了叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化,以探讨硝酸镧和兰科菌根真菌对铁皮石斛生理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)添加适量的硝酸镧有利于菌根真菌侵染和菌根发育,提高铁皮石斛幼苗生物量。(2)在接种菌根真菌的同时添加5.0mg·L-1的硝酸镧,铁皮石斛的根重、茎叶重和总生物量均达到最大,分别是未添加硝酸镧以及未接种对照组的4.26倍、4.98倍和4.87倍,其菌根侵染率也高达92.8%;而且可显著提高叶片中叶绿素含量,并显著降低细胞内的丙二醛含量。(3)在适量(5.0mg·L-1)的硝酸镧水平下接种菌根真菌能促进铁皮石斛幼苗多糖和蛋白质的合成,并显著提高细胞内SOD、CAT和POD活性。研究认为,菌根真菌与适宜浓度硝酸镧(5.0 mg·L-1)联合使用能显著促进铁皮石斛菌根的形成,增强植株的生理活性和适应能力,提高其生物量和多糖等活性成分的积累,有效改善铁皮石斛的药用品质。     

同源四倍体铁皮石斛的生长及多糖积累

通过秋水仙素诱导铁皮石斛多倍体,以外观形态、气孔、染色体数目筛选多倍体植株,分析多倍化对铁皮石斛多糖累积及生长的影响。结果表明,同源四倍体铁皮石斛茎、叶及原球茎的多糖含量分别是二倍体的1.31、1．83及1．95倍,但生长速度显著或极显著低于对照。ISSR分析显示,同源四倍体植株产生较明显的基因变异。     

黄芪多糖与枸杞多糖联用对小鼠肝组织损伤的保护作用

探究黄芪多糖与枸杞多糖对四氯化碳(CCl_4)所致小鼠急性肝损伤的协同保护作用。采用CCl_4诱导小鼠急性肝损伤,动物处死后取血液测定血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,取肝脏计算肝指数并制备肝匀浆测定其中谷胱甘肽(GSH)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量,并对小鼠肝脏进行组织切片观察,评价黄芪多糖与枸杞多糖联用对小鼠肝组织的保护效果。实验显示,黄芪多糖与枸杞多糖各配比(LBP 50 mg/kg+APS 100,LBP 70 mg/kg+APS 400,LBP 350 mg/kg+APS 800)均能显著抑制CCl_4急性肝损伤所引起的MDA含量、肝脏指数、ALT和AST活性的升高(p0.05),有效地提高肝脏中GSH的含量,减轻小鼠的肝组织损伤程度。本研究表明黄芪多糖与枸杞多糖联用对CCl_4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

尿嘧啶对单胺氧化酶的抑制作用

给青年小鼠(1月龄)po尿嘧啶25—800mg/kg对脑和肝MAO-B活性抑制作用与剂量成明显量-效关系,而对MAO-A抑制较弱。多次po尿嘧啶300mg/kg对老年小鼠(18月龄)脑MAO活性抑制作用明显强于对青年小鼠,并能增加老年小鼠脑组织5-HT和DA含量。另外,随年龄增加,小鼠血、脑和肝组织MAO活性显著升高,而上述组织中尿嘧啶含量则明显降低。体外实经证明,尿嘧啶对MAO-B活性抑制程度明显强子对MAO-A,并且对MAO-B为竞争性抑制,对MAO-A为混合型抑制。     

铁皮石斛原球茎常温保存研究

以铁皮石斛原球茎为材料,通过不同培养基、蔗糖浓度、继代周期、保存时间等多种因素对原球茎在保存过程中增殖生长和分化成苗的影响,进行铁皮石斛原球茎常温保存的研究。结果表明:铁皮石斛原球茎常温((25±2)℃)保存的适宜培养基为1/2MS、蔗糖浓度为1%,继代周期可达10个月;原球茎在5年内能保持分化和增值能力,随着保存年限的增加,分化率越来越低,可通过复壮和成苗培养提高分化成苗率。     

LINE-1编码蛋白L1-ORF1的原核表达纯化和多克隆抗体制备

目的: 制备具有肿瘤组织特异性表达的L1-ORF1蛋白多克隆抗体并进行初步应用研究。方法:采取基因工程表达方法制备L1-ORF1蛋白,免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,间接ELISA检测抗体效价,Western blot和细胞免疫荧光方法检测抗体特异性,免疫检测验证其识别肿瘤细胞内L1-ORF1蛋白的特异性。结果:制备的抗L1-ORF1蛋白多克隆抗体具有很高的敏感性与特异性,免疫学检测表明该抗体不仅能检测出正常细胞中瞬时表达的L1-ORF1蛋白,而且可检测出肿瘤细胞中天然表达的L1-ORF1蛋白。结论:制备的多克隆抗体具有较高的敏感性与特异性,为以后该抗体的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

Role of the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 signal in Daxx trafficking and ASK1 oligomerization

Overexpression of JNK binding domain inhibited glucose deprivation-induced JNK1 activation, relocalization of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) oligomerization in human prostate adenocarcinoma DU-145 cells. However, SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, did not prevent relocalization of Daxx and oligomerization of ASK1 during glucose deprivation. Studies from in vivo labeling and immune complex kinase assay demonstrated that phosphorylation of Daxx occurred during glucose deprivation, and its phosphorylation was mediated through the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 signal transduction pathway. Data from immunofluorescence staining and protein interaction assay suggest that phosphorylated Daxx may be translocated to the cytoplasm, bind to ASK1, and subsequently lead to ASK1 oligomerization. Mutation of Daxx Ser667 to Ala results in suppression of Daxx relocalization during glucose deprivation, suggesting that Ser667 residue plays an important role in the relocalization of Daxx. Unlike wild-type Daxx, a Daxx deletion mutant (amino acids 501-625) mainly localized to the cytoplasm, where it associated with ASK1, activated JNK1, and induced ASK1 oligomerization without glucose deprivation. Taken together, these results show that glucose deprivation activates the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 pathway, and the activated HIPK1 is probably involved in the relocalization of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The relocalized Daxx may play an important role in glucose deprivation-induced ASK1 oligomerization.     

Antagonism between Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 Toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis

Most strains of the insecticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis have a combination of different protoxins in their parasporal crystals. Some of the combinations clearly interact synergistically, like the toxins present in B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. In this paper we describe a novel joint activity of toxins from different strains of B. thuringiensis. In vitro bioassays in which we used pure, trypsin-activated Cry1Ac1 proteins from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Cyt1A1 from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn5B1-4 cells revealed contrasting susceptibility characteristics. The 50% lethal concentrations (LC₅₀s) were estimated to be 4,967 of Cry1Ac1 per ml of medium and 11.69 ng of Cyt1A1 per ml of medium. When mixtures of these toxins in different proportions were assayed, eight different LC₅₀s were obtained. All of these LC₅₀s were significantly higher than the expected LC₅₀s of the mixtures. In addition, a series of bioassays were performed with late first-instar larvae of the cabbage looper and pure Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 crystals, as well as two different combinations of the two toxins. The estimated mean LC₅₀ of Cry1Ac1 was 2.46 ng/cm² of diet, while Cyt1A1 crystals exhibited no toxicity, even at very high concentrations. The estimated mean LC₅₀s of Cry1Ac1 crystals were 15.69 and 19.05 ng per cm² of diet when these crystals were mixed with 100 and 1,000 ng of Cyt1A1 crystals per cm² of diet, respectively. These results indicate that there is clear antagonism between the two toxins both in vitro and in vivo. Other joint-action analyses corroborated these results. Although this is the second report of antagonism between B. thuringiensis toxins, our evidence is the first evidence of antagonism between toxins from different subspecies of B. thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) detected both in vivo and in vitro. Some possible explanations for this relationship are discussed.     

Regulation of PCTAIRE1 protein stability by AKT1, LKB1 and BRCA1

PCTAIRE1, also known as CDK16, is a cyclin-dependent kinase that is regulated by cyclin Y. It is a member of the serine-threonine family of kinases and its functions have primarily been implicated in cellular processes like vesicular transport, neuronal growth and development, myogenesis, spermatogenesis and cell proliferation. However, as extensive studies on PCTAIRE1 have not yet been conducted, the signaling pathways for this kinase involved in governing many cellular processes are yet to be elucidated in detail. Here, we report the association of PCTAIRE1 with important cellular proteins involved in major cell signaling pathways, especially cell proliferation. In particular, here we show that PCTAIRE1 interacts with AKT1, a key player of the PI3K signaling pathway that is responsible for promoting cell survival and proliferation. Our studies show that PCTAIRE1 is a substrate of AKT1 that gets stabilized by it. Further, we show that PCTAIRE1 also interacts with and is degraded by LKB1, a kinase that is known to suppress cellular proliferation and also regulate cellular energy metabolism. Moreover, our results show that PCTAIRE1 is also degraded by BRCA1, a well-known tumor suppressor. Together, our studies highlight the regulation of PCTAIRE1 by key players of the major cell signaling pathways involved in regulating cell proliferation, and therefore, provide crucial links that could be explored further to elucidate the mechanistic role of PCTAIRE1 in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.     

Antagonism between Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 toxins of bacillus thuringiensis

Most strains of the insecticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis have a combination of different protoxins in their parasporal crystals. Some of the combinations clearly interact synergistically, like the toxins present in B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. In this paper we describe a novel joint activity of toxins from different strains of B. thuringiensis. In vitro bioassays in which we used pure, trypsin-activated Cry1Ac1 proteins from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Cyt1A1 from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn5B1-4 cells revealed contrasting susceptibility characteristics. The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50s) were estimated to be 4,967 of Cry1Ac1 per ml of medium and 11.69 ng of Cyt1A1 per ml of medium. When mixtures of these toxins in different proportions were assayed, eight different LC50s were obtained. All of these LC50s were significantly higher than the expected LC50s of the mixtures. In addition, a series of bioassays were performed with late first-instar larvae of the cabbage looper and pure Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 crystals, as well as two different combinations of the two toxins. The estimated mean LC50 of Cry1Ac1 was 2.46 ng/cm2 of diet, while Cyt1A1 crystals exhibited no toxicity, even at very high concentrations. The estimated mean LC50s of Cry1Ac1 crystals were 15.69 and 19.05 ng per cm2 of diet when these crystals were mixed with 100 and 1,000 ng of Cyt1A1 crystals per cm2 of diet, respectively. These results indicate that there is clear antagonism between the two toxins both in vitro and in vivo. Other joint-action analyses corroborated these results. Although this is the second report of antagonism between B. thuringiensis toxins, our evidence is the first evidence of antagonism between toxins from different subspecies of B. thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) detected both in vivo and in vitro. Some possible explanations for this relationship are discussed.     

Isolation and Characterization of Ubiquitin-activating Enzyme E1-domain Containing 1, UBE1DC1

Ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like proteins play important roles in post-translational modification. They are phylogenetically well-conserved in eukaryotes. Activated by other proteins, ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins can covalently modify target proteins. The enzymes responsible for the activation of this modification have been known to include UBA1, SAE2, UBA3, SAE1 and ULA1. Here we report a new ubiquitin activating enzyme like cDNA, named ubiquitin activating enzyme E1-domain containing 1 (UBE1DC1), whose cDNA is 2654 base pairs in length and contains an open reading frame encoding 404 amino acids. The UBE1DC1 gene consists of 12 exons and is located at human chromosome 3q22. The result of RT-PCR showed that UBE1DC1 is expressed in most of human tissues. These two authors contributed equally to this paper. The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been submitted to GenBank under accession number AY253672.     

南京市正常人群NQO1、CYP1A1、mEH基因的多态性研究

应用PCR技术,对南京市正常人群中NQO1、CYP1A1、mEH-外显子3、mEH－外显子4基因型多态性进行了研究。88例样本中,相关基因野生型纯合子（wt/wt）、杂合子（wt/vt）、突变型纯合子（vt/vt）三种基因型的频率分布及基因频率分别是：NQO1 29.5%（0.304）,51.1%(0.495)和19.3%(0.202);CYP1A?135.2%(0.329)、44.3%(0.489)和20.5%(0.181);mEH－外显子3为26.1%(0.297),56.8%(0.496),17.0%(0.207);mEH－外显子4为83.0%(0.826),15.9%(0.165),1.1%(0.008)。以上结果与国外的有关报道存在一定差异,在不同地区中国人群的频率分布特征基本一致,种族差异可能是造成有关基因型分布差异的重要原因。 Abstract：The polymorphisms of NQO1, CYP1A1, mEH-Exon3 ,and mEH-Exon4 genes in normal Nanjing population (88 cases) were investigat ed by PCR approach. The results showed that the population frequency distributio ns of genotypes of wild-type,heterozygote, homozygous variant were respectively: NQO1? 29.5%,51.1%,19.3%;CYP 1A1 35.2%,44.3%,20.5%;mEH-exon3 26.1 %,56.8%,17.0%;mEH-exon4 83.0%,15.9%,1.1%. The frequency distributions o f genotypes in Nanjing population differ from those of other countries and do no t show marked differences compared with other different area in Chinese populati on. The ethnic difference might be an important reason which results in the diff erences of related genotypes.     

Characterization of Chrysanthemum ClSOC1-1 and ClSOC1-2, homologous genes of SOC1

The MADS-box gene SOC1/TM3 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1/ Tomato MADS-box gene 3) is a main integrator in the Arabidopsis flowering pathway; its structure and function are highly conserved in many plant species. SOC1-like genes have been isolated in chrysanthemum, one of the most well-known ornamental plants, but it has not been well characterized thus far. We isolated and characterized ClSOC1-1 and ClSOC1-2, two putative orthologs of Arabidopsis SOC1, from the wild diploid chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium, to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of flowering time control in chrysanthemum. Expression analysis indicated that ClSOC1-1 and ClSOC1-2 were expressed in all examined organs/tissues (leaves, shoot apices, petioles, stems and roots) with different expression levels, and with high expression in the shoot apices and leaves during the early stage of floral transition. The expression levels of ClSOC1-1 and ClSOC1-2 in the shoot apices increased at different developmental stages with the highest expression levels after 7 days of short-day treatment. Overexpression of ClSOC1-1 and ClSOC1-2 in wild-type Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering, which was coupled with the upregulation of one of the flowering promoter genes LEAFY. Our results suggested that the ClSOC1-1 and ClSOC1-2 genes play an evolutionarily conserved role in promoting flowering in Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium and could serve as a vital target for the genetic manipulation of flowering time in the chrysanthemum.