Rapid breeding of pink-fruited tomato hybrids using the CRISPR/Cas9 system

<正>As one of the most important vegetables,tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is extensively produced and consumed worldwide and substantially contributes to human nutrition and health (The Tomato Genome Consortium,2012).Although red tomatoes are the most common,pink tomatoes are more popular in Asia,particularly in China and Japan,because of their better taste (Ballester et al.,2010;Zhu et al.,2018).Compared with red tomatoes,pink tomatoes fail to accumulate the yellow-colored flavonoid pigment,naringenin chalcone (NarCh),in their peels,resulting in a colorless peel phenotype (Adato et al,2009;Ballester et al.,2010).Genetic     

Pink bollworm moth （Lepidoptera： Gelechiidae） catches in the Imperial Valley, California from 1989 to 2003

We examined the patterns of male pink bollworm （PBW）, Pectinophora gossypiella （Saunders）, moth catches in gossyplure-baited traps over a 15-year period from 1989 to 2003 in the Imperial Valley, California, USA. Monitoring was conducted during periods when different pink bollworm areawide control strategies were being used. Numbers of male pink bollworm moths caught in gossyplure-baited traps progressively decreased each year from 1990 to 1994 during short-season cotton production. High numbers of male moths caught in traps from 1995 to 1997 may have been related to moth migrations from the large cotton acreages grown in the Mexicali Valley bordering the Imperial Valley. Transgenic Bollgard （Bt） cotton was planted in 3% of the cotton area in 1996 and thereafter in 80%- 94% of the cotton area from 1997 to 2003. Pink bollworm moth trap catches were significantly lower from 1998 to 2003 than catches in 1995 to 1997, except for 1999. The trapping results suggested that Bt cotton had significant input on reduction of pink bollworm populations, confirming results of other investigators and providing additional documentation on the benefits of the Bt cotton culture.     

Retarded Embryo Development 1(RED1) regulates embryo development,seed maturation and plant growth in Arabidopsis

Plant seeds accumulate large amounts of protein and carbohydrate as storage reserves during maturation.Thus,understanding the genetic control of embryo and seed development may provide bioengineering tools for yield improvement.In this study,we report the identification of Retarded Embryo Development 1(RED1) gene in Arabidopsis,whose two independent T-DNA insertion mutant lines,SALK_085642(red1-1) and SALK_022583(red1-2),show a retarded embryo development phenotype.The embryogenesis process ceases at the late heart stage in red 1-1 and at the bent-cotyledon stage in red 1-2,respectively,resulting in seed abortion in both lines.The retarded embryo development and seed abortion phenotypes reverted to normal when RED1 complementation constructs were introduced into mutant plants.Small red 1-2 homozygous plants can be successfully rescued by culturing immature seeds,indicating that seed abortion likely results from compromised tolerance to the desiccation process associated with seed maturation.Consistent with this observation,red 1-2 seeds accumulate less protein,and the expression of two late embryo development reporter transgenes,LEA::GUS and β-conglycinin::GUS,was significantly weak and started relatively late in the red 1-2 mutant lines compared to the wild type.The RED1 gene encodes a plant specific novel protein that is localized in the nucleus.These results indicate that RED1 plays important roles in embryo development,seed maturation and plant growth.     

圈养小熊猫的昼夜活动节律

Daily activity rhytlms of three radio-collared captive red pandas were monitored individually at 15 minute intervals for 3 euntinuous days each month at Yele Nature Reserve, Xiangling Mountains, June- October 1995. Our data indicated that mean rate of activity [0.51 ) of captive red pandas was lower than that of wild red pandas. Three captive red pandas showed similar daily activity patterns, being least active during night and more active during daytime. Mean rate of activity during daylight (0.58)was higher than during nighttime (0.41). Daily mean durations of activity and rest were 12.21 hours and 11.79 hours, respectively. Active times of captive red pandas accounted for 50.6% of each 24 hours, of which 66.5% were recorded during daylight and 33.5% during night. Two active peaks appeared at07: 30-09: 15 and 17: 30- 19: 00. We recorded a mean of 2.17, 2.13 and 0.88 long, mid-length, and short resting bouts daily, which had mean durations of 3.47, 1.65 and 0.87 hour, respectively.Among these long rests, 46.1% occurred during daytime and 53.8% during nighttime.     

Chromosome Transfer from Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) to Masu Salmon (O. masou)

Sperms from Pink salmon were subjected to incomplete irradiation by γ-ray to cause partial breakageof their chromosome. Normal eggs from masu salmon were fertilized by these damaged sperms andput under hydrostatic pressure to suppress the release of second polar bodies. The resultant eggscontained complete sets of genome from masu salmon and some chromosomes and chromosomefragments from pink salmon. Karyotype and isozyme of the embryos were analyzed. The resultsdemonstrate that the chromosomes from pink salmon showed genetic activities. Variations in hatchedindividuals were observed.     

肠道病毒71型感染相关调控枢纽基因筛选

肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71)是引起婴幼儿手足口病的重要病原体,目前尚无特效抗病毒药物,并且宿主对病毒感染的应答研究有限。为深入研究病毒感染后宿主调控机制,分析了EV71感染RD细胞的基因表达芯片数据,筛选到与感染时间相关的6 642个差异基因;同时使用加权基因共表达网络分析方法(WGCNA)构建基因调控网络,得到和病毒感染时间呈强正负关联的pink模块和darkgreen模块。结果表明:GO分析发现目标模块分别富集于前剪切体的反式组装与翻译起始,KEGG Pathway富集分析发现pink模块没有显著的通路富集,darkgreen模块通路富集于核糖体相关通路;Visant展示目标模块的调控网络并筛选出pink模块枢纽基因RPS4X、HSPA13、CXCL9、CD55与darkgreen模块枢纽基因ABLIM1、MPDU1、SUPT7L、CTSS。q PCR验证的3个持续上调的基因TXNIP、EGR1、c-FOS和8个枢纽基因的转录水平与芯片数据一致,其中TXNIP、EGR1、c-FOS表达上调超过2.5倍,CXCL9下调4.5倍。这些关键基因的发现可能为EV71感染机理的研究和药物研发提供参考。     

印度谷螟突变体的诱导与培育

1991─1993年, 借助60 Co辐照及杂交技术,在国内外首次诱导和培育出印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella Hubner)成虫的15种突变体。这些突变体是:翅透明型,半翅透明型,翅端部透明型,翅半月状透明斑型,前翅内半透明型, 后翅透明型,非对称透明型,深红眼型,淡红眼型,白眼型,胸腹板、足黄色型,深红眼翅透明型,淡红眼翅透明型,白眼翅透明型及眼翅腹三特征突变体。 Abstract:15 mutants of adults of Indian meal Moth,Plodia interpunctella Hubner,were obtained through 60Co γ-ray irradiation and hybridizations.These mutants are:transparent wings(tw),transparent semi-wings(tsw),transparent a thord outer region of wings(ttorw),semilunar transparent wings(stw),transparent base half of front wings(tbhfw),transparent hind wings(thw),non-parallel transparent wings(nptw),deep red eyes(dre),light red eyes(lre),white eyes(we),yellow feets and troracic sternum(yfts),deep red eyes and transparent wings(dre-tw),light red eyes and transparent wings(lre-tw),white eyes and transparent wings(we-tw),red eyes-transparent wings-transparent 5-6 th abdominal segments(re-tw-tas).     

Optimization and performance validation for the fully automatic blood type analysis system

To evaluate and validate the application of fully automatic blood type analysis system parameters under actual lab conditions. All key system parameters were optimized and validated accordingly. The optimized parameters were centrifugal speed at 550 rpm; centrifugal time 20 min; resuspension speed 1,200 rpm; resuspension time: 45 s; incubation temperature 25℃ ; incubation time 400 s; incubation rate: 0 rpm. The sampled red blood cell concentration was 3%. The ratio of plasma to red blood cells reagent was 60 μL:30 μL; the ratio of antibody (reagent) to sampled diluted red blood cell was 30 μL:30 μL. After applying our key parameters for optimization and validation, the automatic blood type detection system''s performance was found to meet the relevant requirements, effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection system.     

新型Red重组质粒pRO38的构建及Red系统的定向进化

[目的]构建新型Red同源重组质粒,对red基因进行分子定向进化,获取高重组效率的red突变基因。[方法]采用PCR的方法扩增不同的功能片断,通过体外同源重组的方法构建Red同源重组质粒pRO38。采用双链重组的实验验证质粒的同源重组功能后,随机突变red基因,通过修复neo缺失突变的方法筛选具有高重组效率的red基因突变质粒库。[结果]构建了长为5 593 bp的pRO38质粒,pRO38质粒具备正常的重组功能,可以有效地将kan-sac B片段插入大肠杆菌染色体。对pRO38中的red基因进行随机突变后,获得了约60个成功修复了neo缺失突变的菌落,而原始的pRO38质粒则无菌落生长。[结论]构建了新型的Red同源重组质粒。通过定向进化的手段,成功获得了高重组效率的red突变基因库,为从根本上提高Red重组效率打下了基础。     

干旱胁迫下冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)高光谱特征和生理生态响应

2006年于冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期,采用ASD Fieldspec HH光谱仪测定了不同水分胁迫下冬小麦高光谱反射率、红边参数和对应的冬小麦生理生态参数叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、叶绿素a b(Chla b),叶片水分含量(LWC),叶面积指数(LAI).结果表明,冬小麦生理生态参数随生长发育呈现先上升后下降趋势,Chla、Chlb和Chla b开花期达最大值;LWC和LAI孕穗期达最大值.随干旱胁迫程度增加,Chla、Chlb和Chla b、LWC和LAI减少.不同水分处理下冬小麦高光谱反射率具有绿色植物特征.用红边一阶微分光谱特征参数分析,冬小麦孕穗期和开花期红边(λred)位于728～730nm,灌浆期红边(λred)移到734nm.Chla、Chlb和Chla b与Dλ730:Dλ702、Dλ730:Dλ718,LWC与Dλred、Dλ718以及LAI与Dλ718、Dλred、Sred均呈正相关,相关系数大于0.5(p<0.05).经回归分析,Chl与Dλ730:Dλ702、LWC与Dλred呈线性关系(R2=0.87),LAI与Sred呈二次关系(R2=0.68).因此,用冬小麦高光谱特征及红边参数能判断冬小麦生育后期长势和农田水分胁迫程度.