黄芪对左肾静脉狭窄大鼠肾组织TGF-β1和PAI-1表达的影响

目的观察黄芪对左肾静脉狭窄大鼠肾组织胶原含量及促纤维化因子表达的影响,为临床药物治疗左肾静脉受压综合征提供实验依据。方法将大鼠分为3组,假手术组、模型组和黄芪治疗组。采用左肾静脉不全结扎的方法建立大鼠左肾静脉狭窄模型,用黄芪进行干预,于治疗6周后处死动物。取肾组织行羟脯氨酸含量测定,检测TGF-β1和PAI-1mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。结果模型组大鼠左肾组织羟脯氨酸含量较假手术组增多,TGF-β1和PAI-1的表达增加。黄芪治疗可较少羟脯氨酸含量,减少TGF-β1和PAI-1表达。结论左肾静脉狭窄大鼠可出现肾组织纤维化,黄芪可通过减少TGF-β1和PAI-1的表达来减轻肾组织纤维化损伤。     

顺铂诱导肾损伤过程中肾皮质脂质过氧化的变化

目的:探讨顺铂肾损伤过程中肾皮质脂质过氧化与肾小管结构改变的关系.方法:雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为生理盐水组、顺铂Ⅰ组、顺铂Ⅱ组、顺铂Ⅲ组,均为尾静脉注射给药,每天一次,连续五天.第六天取血测肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)含量,取肾皮质测丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,同时进行肾小管上皮细胞碱性磷酸酶组织化学染色和组织病理学观察.结果:顺铂组Scr、BUN明显升高,肾皮质MDA含量升高,SOD与GSH-Px活性降低,与对照组相比均有显著差异(P＜0.05),且肾皮质SOD活性、GSH-Px活性与Scr、BUN含量呈明显负相关(P＜0.05),肾皮质MDA含量与Scr、BUN含量呈明显正相关(P＜0.05).酶组化显示肾小管上皮细胞碱性磷酸酶大量丢失,病理切片结果显示肾皮质部分肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死.结论:顺铂引起肾皮质组织的破坏与肾皮质脂质过氧化增强有关,且随剂量增加肾皮质损伤加重.     

抗坏血酸对糖尿病肾脏足细胞的作用及机制探讨

目的：研究抗坏血酸对糖尿病大鼠肾小球滤过屏障最外层足细胞的作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病大鼠模型,经抗坏血酸治疗5周后,测定血糖（BG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、24 h尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）、肾皮质超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和丙二醛（MDA）水平,并观察足细胞超微结构,检测足细胞损伤标志-desmin蛋白的表达。结果：与正常对照组大鼠比较,糖尿病组大鼠血BG、HbA1c显著增高,肾皮质SOD、CAT活性显著降低,MDA含量、肾小球内desmin蛋白表达明显增加,足细胞足突融合显著,UAER显著升高（均P〈0.05）;与糖尿病组大鼠比较,在血BG、HbA1c无明显差异条件下（均P〉0.05）,抗坏血酸可明显增加糖尿病大鼠肾皮质SOD活性,降低肾皮质MDA含量和desmin蛋白表达水平,并显著减轻足细胞足突融合,减少UAER（均P〈0.05）,肾皮质CAT活性虽有一定程度增高但差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：糖尿病大鼠肾小球滤过屏障最外层足细胞有明显损害,补充抗坏血酸对足细胞起保护作用,其机制可能与增强肾脏抗氧化能力,减轻肾脏氧化应激有关。     

普罗布考对糖尿病大鼠肾组织氧化应激的影响

目的研究普罗布考（Probucol）对糖尿病大鼠肾组织氧化应激的影响。方法采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）建立糖尿病大鼠模型。30只Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组（NC）、糖尿病组（DM）、糖尿病普罗布考治疗组（DP）。8周末称取体重、肾重、计算肾肥大指数（肾重/体重）,检测尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）;测定各组生化指标包括血糖（BG）、胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、血清肌酐（SCr）、血尿素氮（BUN）;检测肾组织中丙二醛（MDA）的含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性;肾组织切片行PAS染色分析肾小球面积及肾小球体积。结果 DM组大鼠肾重、肾重/体重、UAER、TC、TG、SCr、BUN、肾小球面积、肾小球体积较NC组均明显增加,DP组上述改变较DM组均明显减轻（P〈0.05）。DP组肾组织中MDA含量明显低于DM组,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性明显高于DM组（P〈0.05）。结论普罗布考可能部分通过减轻肾组织氧化应激反应实现对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用。     

淫羊藿总黄酮对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用

目的：研究淫羊藿总黄酮（TFE）对链脲佐菌素（STZ）致糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤的影响,并初步探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：健康雄性SD大鼠一次性尾静脉注射STZ（40 mg/kg）建立糖尿病模型。动物随机分成3组（n=10）：对照组、模型组和TFE组（100 mg/kg,i.g.）。12周后,处死大鼠。测定空腹血糖,肾脏脏器系数,血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）含量;测定肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量;Masson染色观察肾组织胶原纤维增生;免疫组化测定转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）蛋白的表达。结果：与对照组比较,模型组肾脏脏器系数增大、肾功能下降、肾组织抗氧化能力降低;病理学可见肾小球、肾小管间质纤维化;同时TGF-β1蛋白表达水平上调。TFE组明显改善上述指标。结论：TFE对STZ致糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤有明显的改善作用,其作用机制可能与抗氧化作用和抑制TGF-β1蛋白表达有关。     

内源性一氧化碳对内毒素休克肺组织和肾组织保护作用的实验研究

目的：研究内毒素休克时内源性一氧化碳（CO）对肺组织和肾组织的保护作用及其机制;方法：采用盲肠结扎穿孔（CLP）的方法建立大鼠内毒素休克模型,通过免疫组化、光镜下组织形态学观察及超氧化物岐化酶活性、丙二醛含量的测定进行研究;结果：治疗组肺组织和肾组织病变明显减轻,炎症反应及脂质过氧化程度减轻;结论：内毒素休克时内源性CO对肺组织和肾组织具有保护作用,且此保护作用与其抑制炎症反应和抗氧化作用有重要关系。     

钙调神经磷酸酶在肾血管性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚发展中的作用

本文观察了钙调神经磷酸酶(calcineurin,CaN)在肾血管性高血压大鼠肥厚心肌中的表达和活性以及CaN抑制剂——环孢菌素A(cyclosporine A,CsA)对逆转心肌肥厚的影响。利用两肾一夹肾血管性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚模型,观察大鼠心肌肥厚程度、CaN mRNA和蛋白质表达及CaN活性的改变。结果显示:大鼠左室重与胫骨长度的比值和光镜下心肌细胞横截面积在两肾一夹2月和3月组都较相应假手术组增高(P<0.05),CsA组大鼠左室重与胫骨长度比值、心肌细胞横截面积较两肾一夹2月和3月组均显著下降(P<0.05),与假手术组无显著性差异。大鼠心肌CaN mRNA和蛋白质表达及CaN活性在两肾一夹2月和3月组均高于相应假手术组(P<0.05),在CsA组低于两肾一夹2月和3月组(P<0.05)。这些结果提示,CaN参与肾血管性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚发展,抑制CaN活性可逆转心肌肥厚。     

维生素E在青年和老年大鼠肾脏缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用

目的:探讨维生素E(VE)在青年和老年大鼠肾缺血/再灌注损伤(RI/RI)中的作用。方法:采用夹闭双侧肾动、静脉45min后恢复血流的方法制作RI/RI模型,测定血清中尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)、诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)浓度,免疫组化检测肾皮质热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达。流式细胞术检测肾皮质细胞凋亡率。结果:缺血/再灌注(I/R)后BUN、Scr含量明显升高,老年I/R组MDA含量高于青年I/R组,SOD含量低于青年IR组,HSP70、NO以及肾皮质细胞凋亡率高于control组;VE可显著降低RI/RI大鼠BUN、Scr、MDA、iNOS水平,升高NO和SOD水平,增加HSP70的表达,降低肾皮质细胞凋亡率。结论:VE可通过促进肾组织HSP70的表达,增加NO和SOD水平,提高大鼠体内清除自由基的能力,从而对青、老年大鼠肾缺血/再灌注损伤(RI/RI)起到一定的保护作用。     

急性低压缺氧对大鼠肾组织中生化指标变化的研究

目的：观察急性低压缺氧对大鼠肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（ GSH）、过氧化氢酶（ CAT）及内皮素（ ET-1）和肿瘤坏死因子（ TNF-α）的影响。方法将24只雄性Wistar大鼠,体重180～220 g,随机分成地面对照组和急性低压缺氧组,急性低压缺氧组又分成缺氧1组和缺氧2组,每组8只。急性低压缺氧后10 min和24 h处死动物,迅速取出肾脏进行生化指标的检测,并采用免疫组织化学方法观察肾组织内皮素（ ET-1）和肿瘤坏死因子（ TNF-α）的表达情况。结果急性低压缺氧后,大鼠肾组织中SOD活性明显下降（P ＜0.01）,缺氧1组CAT活性极显著降低（P ＜0.01）,缺氧2组GSH活性显著降低（P ＜0.05）,但MDA含量无明显变化（ P ＞0.05）。免疫组织化学染色显示,ET-1和TNF-α表达均明显增强,24 h 后表达减弱。结论SOD、CAT和GSH活性明显下降及ET-1及TNF-α表达明显增强,可能参与了缺氧性肾损伤的病理过程。     

小儿左肾巨大肾盂积水1例报道

1临床资料患儿,男,6岁。因左侧腰部胀痛及腹部日渐增大15天而来院诊治。患儿体质较差,极易感冒,无其它疾病史,半月前突感左侧腰部胀痛,日趋加剧,腹部逐日增大、纳差、呼吸困难加重,尿液逐渐减少。查体:左上腹部可触及大于成人拳头大小包块。拟诊为左肾积水,左肾肿瘤。行B超检查,静脉肾盂造影及CT平扫检查。B超示左中上腹部可见一囊性肿块,大小约12·4 cm×6·6 cm×6 cm,边缘似见肾实质结构回声,下腹探查膀胱上方稍偏左见一较小囊性肿块,排尿后有缩小趋向,左肾肾门结构及输尿管显示不清,考虑为左肾积水,左肾先天性异常。静脉肾盂造影前摄…     

桑叶总黄酮预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌抗氧化作用的研究

为研究桑叶总黄酮预处理对缺血再灌注损伤心肌的抗氧化作用,采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30min,再灌注2h的方法制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。将50只大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注损伤模型组和桑叶总黄酮高、中、低剂量预处理组,每组10只。实验结束后,取动脉血和心脏。测定各组血清生化指标肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量;测定心肌生化指标超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果显示,与模型组相比,桑叶总黄酮预处理组使血清中的CK、LDH含量明显降低,同时使心肌组织中的SOD活性提高,MDA含量降低。结果表明,桑叶总黄酮预处理对缺血再灌注损伤心肌有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与提高心肌SOD活性、清除自由基、增强抗氧化能力有关。     

Ca^2+介导肾小管ICAM-1高表达参与肾结石的形成

本研究旨在探讨细胞间黏附分子1 (intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1)在高钙尿肾结石(genetic hypercalcium renal stones, GHS)大鼠中的表达以及Ca^2+对肾小管上皮细胞ICAM-1的影响。取GHS大鼠和SD大鼠,荧光定量PCR检测肾组织ICAM-1 mRNA表达水平,免疫组化检测ICAM-1蛋白表达。比色法检测大鼠肾组织SOD活力和MDA水平。通过ICAM-1 siRNA转染大鼠肾小管上皮细胞系NRK-52E构建ICAM-1低表达细胞模型,Ca^2+(5 mmol/L)处理NRK-52E细胞,检测细胞SOD活力和MDA水平,通过Western blotting检测细胞ICAM-1蛋白表达水平。荧光定量PCR结果显示,与SD对照组相比,GHS组大鼠肾组织ICAM-1 mRNA水平显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.01);免疫组化结果显示,ICAM-1蛋白在GHS大鼠肾组织中呈阳性表达;氧化应激检测结果显示,与SD对照组比较,GHS组大鼠肾组织SOD活性显著降低,MDA含量显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.01)。Western blotting结果显示,与对照组比较,Ca^2+组NRK-52E细胞ICAM-1表达蛋白显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.01);与Ca^2+处理NC-siRNA组比较,Ca^2+处理ICAM-1 siRNA组NRK-52E细胞ICAM-1表达蛋白显著降低;与ICAM-1 siRNA组NRK-52E细胞比较,Ca^2+处理ICAM-1 siRNA组NRK-52E细胞后ICAM-1表达蛋白水平无显著性变化(p>0.05)。细胞氧化应激检测结果显示,与对照组比较,Ca^2+组NRK-52E细胞SOD活性显著降低,MDA含量显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.01);与Ca^2+处理NC-siRNA组比较,Ca^2+处理ICAM-1 siRNA组SOD活性显著升高,MDA含量显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.01);与ICAM-1 siRNA组NRK-52E细胞比较,Ca^2+处理ICAM-1 siRNA组NRK-52E细胞SOD活力和MDA含量无显著性变化(p>0.05)。ICAM-1在GHS肾小管上皮细胞中高表达,Ca^2+诱导肾小管上皮细胞ICAM-1高表达,促进细胞氧化应激水平。     

小檗碱对动脉粥样硬化性损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨小檗碱对动脉粥样硬化损伤的保护作用。方法：将56只大鼠,随机分为对照组（C）,高脂饮食假手术组（HD）,肾动脉狭窄组（RAS）,肾动脉狭窄高脂饮食组（HD＋RAS）。C及RAS组给予正常饮食,HD及HD＋RAS组给予高脂饮食,RAS及HD＋RAS组采用固定内径银夹夹左肾动脉。饲养12周,每组处死6只进行检测,剩余除C外每日灌胃小檗碱（150mg/kg）,C予以等量生理盐水灌服,持续4周,四周后处死进行相同检测,用药前后结果进行对比评价小檗碱功能。结果：与C相比,HD,RAS,HD＋RAS组肌酐显著升高（P〈0.05）,HD及HD＋RAS组胆固醇明显升高（P〈0.05）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）在HD,RAS及HD＋RAS组显著降低（P〈0.05）,丙二醛（MDA）在HD,RAS及HD＋RAS组显著增高（P〈0.05）,血管内皮生长因子VEGF在HC,RAS及HD＋RAS组表达量升高。给予小檗碱灌胃处理后,检测指标各组间无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：小檗碱对动脉粥样硬化性损伤具有良好的保护作用。     

The effect of quercetin on renal ischemia and reperfusion injury in the rat

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs in many clinical conditions such as hypovolemic shock, thromboembolism, injury and after renal transplantation. Under these conditions, ROS are considered to be the reason for cellular damage. Bioflavonoids have antioxidant and renoprotective properties. We studied the effect of quercetin, a bioflavonoid, on ischemia and reperfusion in rats. The rats (n = 28) were separated into three groups. Group I was the control group. Animals in groups II (IR) and III (IR + Q) underwent 30 min ischemia and 45 min reperfusion, respectively. Rats, in group III, also received 50 mg kg(-1) quercetin before 45 min of reperfusion. The activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and concentrations of GSH and GSSGR were determined in renal cortex and erythrocytes. Also, the levels of MDA in renal cortex and plasma, and XO in renal cortex were measured in these groups. The renal cortex XO levels in the IR group were higher than that of the control and IR+Q groups (p<0.001). The renal cortex and plasma MDA levels in the IR group were also found to be higher than the control and IR+Q groups (p<0.01, and p<0.001, respectively). However, a decrease in MAD level of the IR+Q group was found in renal cortex and erythrocytes. In addition, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities in renal cortex and erythrocytes of quercetin-treated animals were enhanced compared to animals of the IR group. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the SOD, CAT, and GPx activities of the control and IR+Q group. A reduction of GSH and GSSGR levels in IR and IR+Q groups was detected but no significant differences were found between these groups. This study stresses that high concentration of ROS leads to renal ischemia and reperfusion, and quercetin reduces the renal injury by preventing the oxidative stress dependent on ischemia and reperfusion. Quercetin may be used in renal transplantation as an antioxidant drug.     

Evaluation of the effects of cadmium on rat liver

Abstact Cadmium is one of the most toxic pollutants in environment. Cadmium accumulation in blood affects the renal cortex and causes renal failure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of cadmium on rat liver tissue. Eighteen male albino rats aged ten weeks old were used in the study. 15 ppm of cadmium was administered to rats via consumption water daily. At the end of the 30th study day, the animals were killed under ether anesthesia. After the liver tissue samples were taken, histopathological and biochemical examinations were performed. Histopathologic changes have included vacuolar and granular degenerations in hepatocytes, heterochromatic nucleuses and sinusoidal and portal widenings. Central vein diameters were normal in cadmium exposed group. Whereas, there was statistically significant difference between two groups by means of sinusoidal (p< 0.001) and portal triad diameters (p< 0.01). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an indicator of lipid peroxidation. In this study, MDA was used as a marker of oxidative stress-induced liver impairment in cadmium exposed rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were also measured to evaluate the changes in antioxidative system in liver tissues. Current findings showed that MDA levels were increased and SOD and CAT activities were decreased in cadmium exposed group compared to control group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (pvalues: MDA,p< 0.01; CAT,p< 0.01 and SOD,p< 0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest the role of oxidative mechanisms in cadmium-induced liver tissue damage     

超氧化物歧化酶和Bcl-2在实验性精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸中的变化

目的:建立大鼠实验性精索静脉曲张(experimental varicocele EV)的模式,测量睾丸中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutaseSOD)活性和Bcl-2的表达。方法:将40只雄性青春期Wistar大鼠随机分为EV8周组和12周组(各12只)和相应的假手术对照组2组(各8只),通过部分结扎左肾静脉建立大鼠EV模型,分别于术后8周、12周处死动物,测左侧精索静脉直径,用比色法测SOD 活力,免疫组化法测Bcl-2的表达。结果:成功建立了EV型,与相应的对照组相比左侧精索静脉直径明显增大(P<0.01)。光学显微镜下观察睾丸组织,发现大鼠睾丸生精上皮退变,曲细精管萎缩,间质水肿和精子发育阻滞。EV组双侧睾丸的SOD活性显著低于相应的对照组(P<0.01),左侧睾丸比右侧睾丸更低,但无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。EV组双侧睾丸间质细胞中Bcl-2的染色指数与相应的对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.01),左侧睾丸染色指数比右侧睾丸下降更明显(P<0.01),EV12周组与 EV8周组相比,EV12周组染色指数更低(P<0.05)。SOD活性与Bcl-2的染色指数在0.01水平有显著相...     

Melatonin prevents formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study

This study was undertaken to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats. For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The rats in Group I were used as a control, while the rats in Group II were injected every other day with formaldehyde. The rats in Group III received melatonin daily while exposed to formaldehyde. At the end of 14-day experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation. The brains of the rats were removed and the prefrontal cortex tissues were obtained from all brain specimens. Some of the prefrontal cortex tissue specimens were used for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The remaining prefrontal cortex tissue specimens were used for immunohistochemical evaluation. The levels of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly decreased, and MDA levels, were significantly increased in rats treated with formaldehyde compared with those of the controls. In the immunohistochemical evaluation of this group, apoptotic cells were observed. However, increased SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities, and decreased MDA levels, were detected in the rats administered melatonin while exposed to formaldehyde. Furthermore, apoptotic changes caused by formaldehyde were decreased in these rats. The results of our study suggest that melatonin treatment prevents formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex.     

Protective effects of omega-3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex of rats

The aim of this study was to examine the neurotoxicity of formaldehyde on prefrontal cortex and the protective effects of omega-3 essential fatty acids against these toxic effects. For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The rats in group I comprised the controls, while the rats in group II were injected every other day with formaldehyde (FA). The rats in group III received omega-3 fatty acids daily while exposed to formaldehyde. At the end of the 14-day experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation. The brains of the rats were removed and the prefrontal cortex tissues were obtained from all brain specimens. Some of the prefrontal cortex tissue specimens were used for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The remaining prefrontal cortex tissue specimens were used for light microscopic and immunohistochemical evaluation. The levels of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly decreased, and MDA levels were significantly increased in rats treated with formaldehyde compared with those of the controls. Furthermore, in the microscopic examination of this group, formation of apoptotic bodies, pycnotic cells, and apoptotic cells including nuclear fragmentation and membrane budding were observed. However, increased SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities, and decreased MDA levels were detected in the rats administered omega-3 fatty acids while exposed to formaldehyde. Additionally, cellular damage caused by formaldehyde was decreased, and structural appearance was similar to that of the control rats in this group. The biochemical and histological findings observed in all groups were also confirmed by immunohistochemical evaluation. It was determined that formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex was prevented by administration of omega-3 essential fatty acids.