云南蛮白蚁属及钩白蚁属四新种（等翅目：白蚁科）

1.勐仓蛮白蚁Microtermes menglunensis Zhu et Huang 新种 兵蚁(图Ⅰ:1—8)     

云南地白蚁属Hypotermes五新种（等翅目：白蚁科）

1,孟定地白蚁 Hypotermes mengdingensis Zhu et Huang,新种兵蚁(图Ⅰ:1—8) 体中型。头深黄褐色,前半部较浅;上颚赤褐色,上唇、触角黄色;前胸背板浅黄褐色,腹、足浅黄白色。头背面散生长毛,上唇自端至中部各排列6根长毛,中部另具2根对称长毛。     

浙江省等翅目两新种（等翅目：白蚁科）

本文记述了等翅目白蚁科两新种：浙江大白蚁Ｍａｃｒｏｔｅｒｍｅｓ ｚｈｅｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和小葫白蚁Ｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔｅｒｍｅｓ ｐａｒｖｉｃｅｐｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。标本均采自浙江省,正模保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

云南白蚁二新种：等翅目：白蚁科

本文描述产于云南的白蚁科２新种：章凤马歪白蚁Ｍａｌａｙｓｉｏｃａｐｒｉｔｅｒｍｅｓ ｚｈａｎｇｆｅｎｇｅｒｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎ．、江城瘤歪白蚁Ｍｉｒｏｃａｐｒｉｔｅｒｍｅｓ ｊｉａｎｇｃｈｅｎｇｅｒｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎ。在读者讨论中,作者等认为,李桂祥等描述的中国马歪白蚁Ｍ．ｓｉｎｉｃｕｓ Ｌｉ ｅｔ Ｘｉａｏ应转移入华歪白蚁属Ｓｉｎｏｃａｐｒｉｔｅｒｍｅｓ Ｐｉｎｇ ｅｔ Ｘｕ,新组合为中国华歪白蚁Ｓｉ     

云南大白蚁属一新种（等翅目：白蚁科）

我国已知大白蚁属１８种,其中仅１种属于大,中,小（兵蚁,工蚁）三态类型,由李桂祥,平正明定名为三型大白蚁。作者等于１９９４年,在云南省南亚热带地区,发现另一三态类型大白蚁,定名为箕头大白蚁新种。     

象白蚁属一新种：等翅目：白蚁科,象白蚁亚科

本文记述我国浙江省龙王山自然保护区等翅目白蚁属一新种,安吉象白蚁Ｎａｓｕｔｉｔｅｒｍｅｓａｎｊｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

中国大白蚁亚科壤白蚁新属新种（等翅目：白蚁科）

壤白蚁属Parahy potermes Zhu et Huang,新属 模式种:曼允壤白蚁Parahy potermes manyunensis,新种。 属征:兵蚁头近卵圆形,头背面被毛稀少,两侧缘于触角前骤然狭缩,头中部最宽,后缘宽圆,头背面中部明显隆起;左上颚内缘中部第1缘齿上方具2—3枚小齿。 比较与讨论:本新属与地白蚁属Hypotermes Holmgren较接近。但Hypotermes头两侧缘触角前不呈狭缩状;左上颚第1缘齿上方不具锯齿状小齿;头背面中部呈弧状隆起。     

四川新白蚁属一新种记述(等翅目,木白蚁科)

记述新白蚁属1新种,屏山新白蚁 Neotermes Pingshanensis sp．nov．,新种与长颚新白蚁 Neotermes dolichognathus Xu et Han相近,但体色不同,头长/宽比例不同,触角第2节明显长于第3节,左上颚缘齿4枚,前胸背板前缘具深凹.危害物为潮湿木窗框.模式标本保存于成都市白蚁防治研究所.     

近扭白蚁属一新种记述(等翅目,白蚁科)

记述白蚁科近扭白蚁属1新种,宜宾近扭白蚁Pericapritermes yibinensis sp.nov..新种形态与近扭白蚁P.nitobei(Shirak,1909)相近,但个体较小,头部前端在头长约1/4处渐向前下方形成斜面,头中央纵缝由后端向前延伸过头长的3/4,中央纵缝两侧各有一条纵缝由后端前伸至约1/3处,上唇前缘平直,前胸背板橙黄色,前缘中央具浅凹,中胸、后胸和腹部呈淡黄色,触角第6、7、8、9节等长,均明显长于除柄节外的其余各节,第4节最短小,明显短小于相邻的第3、5节;有翅成虫囟圆形下凹,位于头背面中点稍后,明显大于复眼,囟孔椭圆形,色稍浅,头中央纵缝较明显,单眼卵圆形,与复眼距离小于单眼宽度,触角第3、4、5节明显小于其余各节,其中第5节最为短小,前胸背板近梯形,前阔后窄,前缘近似直线,直立翘起,侧缘前半部垂直于前缘,近1/2处明显缩窄,后缘中央浅凹,背板表面中前部有T型浅凹.模式标本保存于成都市白蚁防治研究所.     

湖北省散白蚁属三新种(等翅目:鼻白蚁科)

本文首次报道湖北省散白蚁属三新种。这三新种和广泛分布于我国东南地区的Reticulitermes flaviceps(Oshima)和东北地区的R.speratus(Kolbe)两常见种均较近缘。从形态特征上可看出它们和两常见种在华中地区演化的过渡性状。通过湖北标本和河南省科学院王治国先生惠赠大量河南标本的初步鉴定,R.flaviceps和R.spe-     

棕榈科植物的地理分布

棕榈科是一个泛热带分布的科,共有１９８属,约２６７０种,下分６亚科,１４族。贝叶棕族是最原始的族,低地榈族则最进化。本科植物在世界上的分布可划分为１３个区,其中以印度－马来西区和新热带区的属、种最多。中国只有１６属和８５种,没有特有属。这些种大部分属热带亚洲分布,与热带亚洲植物区系关系非常密切。关于棕榈科起源地问题,有西冈瓦纳起源和劳亚起源之说。根据化石记录和形态特征的分析,棕榈科很可能于早白垩纪     

倭竹属地理分布的研究

倭竹属Shibataea Makino隶于禾本科之竹亚科,现已知有8种,分布于我国东南部的浙江、福建、江苏、安徽、江西等省,广东、台湾两省有少量栽培,日本产1种。苏联、西德、印尼等国所栽培的倭竹均系自我国或日本引入。我国浙-闽地区产8种,且都有野生发现,是本属的现代分布中心。倭竹属植物体型矮小,常植于庭院或公园中供观赏。近年来盆景艺术迅速发展,微型园林日益兴起,倭竹属植物体态优美,常绿,耐寒且易于栽培,为广大园林工作者所垂青。     

Vertical stratification of the termite assemblage in a neotropical rainforest

The importance of termites as decomposers in tropical forests has long been recognized. Studies on the richness and diversity of termite species and their ecological function have flourished in more recent times, but these have been mostly conducted in a thin stratum within a standing man’s reach. Our aims were to evaluate the specific richness and composition of the termite assemblage in the canopy of a tropical rainforest and to determine its originality with respect to the sympatric ground-level fauna. We conducted systematic searches for canopy termites, together with conventional sampling of the sympatric ground-level fauna, in the San Lorenzo forest, Panama. We hypothesized that (1) the canopy accommodates two categories of wood-feeding termites (long-distance foragers and small-colony “one-piece” species) and possibly soil-feeders in suspended soil-like habitats; (2) due to the abundance of soil-feeders, the overall diversity of the ground fauna is higher than that of the canopy; (3) differences in microclimate and resource accessibility favour vertical stratification among wood-feeders. Sixty-three canopy samples yielded ten species of termites, all wood-feeders. Five of these were not found at ground level, although a total of 243 ground samples were collected, representing 29 species. In addition to long-distance foragers (Microcerotermes and Nasutitermes spp.) and small-colony termites (mostly Kalotermitidae), the canopy fauna included Termes hispaniolae, a wood-feeding Termitidae from an allegedly soil-feeding genus, living in large dead branches. Soil-feeders were absent from the canopy, probably because large epiphytes were scarce. As predicted, the ground fauna was much richer than that of the canopy, but the species richness of both habitats was similar when only wood-feeders were considered. Vertical stratification was strongly marked among wood-feeders, as all common species, apart from the arboreal-nesting Microcerotermes arboreus, could unequivocally be assigned to either a ground or a canopy group. The canopy, therefore, contributes significantly to the total species richness of the termite assemblage, and the diversity, abundance and ecological importance of canopy termites in tropical rainforests may be higher than previously recognized.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available to authorized users in the online version of this article at .     

梧桐科植物的地理分布

梧桐科植物全世界有60属约1546种,主要分布在热带和亚热带地区,只有少数种类可分布至温带地区,由于梧桐科是多型的科,科的范围较大,对有些属是否应隶属于该科,国内外学者的意见很不一致。本文基本上按照J.Hutchinson系统和参考有关文献对一些属的分类位置作了调整,把梧桐科分为12族,根据A.Takhtajan的世界植物区系区划的原则,将梧桐植物在世界上的分布区,划分为6区8亚区23地区,并指出各属在中国各省区的地理分布,现在中国梧桐科植物连引种栽培的在内共有25属99种7变种,其中野生的有18属85种7变种,引种栽培的有8属14种,对梧桐科植物的起源和发展作了一些探讨。     

四川牻牛儿苗科(Geraniaceae)植物地理分布的研究

四川牛儿苗科植物共3属、53种、2变种, 其中老鹳草属Geranium49种, 2变种, 牛儿苗属Erodium2种, 熏倒牛属Biebersteinia2种。属的分布区类型分别为世界分布, 地中海区至温带、热带亚洲、大洋洲至南美洲间断分布和地中海区、西亚至中亚分布。研究了本科植物在四川的水平分布和垂直分布情况。水平分布方面, 在东部四川盆地及盆周山地分布着老鹳属1属、23种、2变种, 占四川本科种数的43%。在西部, 川西南河谷山原地区分布着老鹳草属植物32种, 占四川儿苗科植物总数的60%, 是四川老鹳草属植物分布最集中的地区。在川西北随着地理纬度的升高, 属的数目逐渐增加, 到最北面, 3属均产, 但老鹳草属植物的种类则逐渐减少。垂直分布方面, I、川东盆地及川西南山 地常绿阔叶林地带有老鹳草属1属、44种、2变种, 占四川供牛儿苗科植物总数 83%, 主要分布在川西南河谷山原植被地区。П、川西高山峡谷山原针叶林地带, 分布着老鹳草属和优牛儿苗属植物25种, 占四川本科植物的47%, 主要分布在川西 高山峡谷区。III、四川北高山灌丛、草甸地带, 分布着老鹳草属、狀牛儿苗属和熏 倒牛属植物12种。熏倒牛属在四川仅分布在这一地带内。     

Distribution of epipelic diatoms in artificial fishponds along environmental and spatial gradients

Although epipelic diatoms play a key role in primary production of many ecosystems, many aspects of their biodiversity, ecology and geographical distribution are poorly understood. The present study is based on sampling of 45 man-made fishponds in the Czech Republic covering an environmental gradient from oligo/dystrophic highland ponds within protected areas to the eutrophic/hypertrophic lowland ponds used for intensive fish production. Diatom distribution patterns assessed using biomass and species composition variables were assessed along environmental and geographical gradients. In total, 185 epipelic diatom taxa were found in the investigated samples. The differences in species composition between sites were correlated with environmental parameters, but not with the geographic distance of the localities. This pattern might suggest that niche-based control, rather than the effect of dispersal limitation, is the main driving force in the species composition of epipelic diatoms in fishponds. The alpha-diversity of sites correlated with altitude, nitrogen and chlorophyll a concentrations but did not correlate with the area of the ponds. The significant relationships between local abundance of species and their regional occupancy were very similar to previous studies of diatoms in boreal streams. In addition, these data concur with patterns known for multicellular organisms suggesting that in this respect diatoms may not differ from groups of organisms with larger body sizes. Handling editor: J. Padisak     

国产毛茛科植物资料

本文描述了 8种国产毛茛科植物的地理分布新资料 ,并且在分类学上将铁线莲属锈花铁线莲毛变种归并入原变种。     

我国胡椒属植物区系地理研究

胡椒属(Piper)为胡椒科(Piperaceae)重要的泛热带组成成分,约有1 000 ～2 000个植物种类,中国是其天然分布的北缘.本文对我国产胡椒属植物区系地理进行了分析,揭示其区系特征、物种起源和散布途径等.结果表明:云南是我国胡椒属植物的重要分布地,并以此为中心向我国东部和北部扩散,物种数量逐渐减少.各省胡椒属物种组成相似性较低,大致可被聚为热带地区、亚热带地区和台湾地区3大分支.在区系成分上,国产胡椒属植物中的中国特有比例最高,其次是热带亚洲分布,只有个别种为泛热带分布和东亚分布.我国胡椒属区系与中南半岛、印度半岛及爪哇群岛存在一定联系,但并不紧密.分析认为,云南是胡椒属植物的起源中心或分化中心之一,而中国台湾岛种类主要由菲律宾群岛等传入并分化.本结果对于研究该属系统分类和起源演化将具有一定意义.