云南散白蚁属和钩歪白蚁属四新种：（等翅目：鼻白蚁科,白蚁科）

本文记述了云南散白蚁属Reticulitermes(Holmgren)和钩歪白蚁属PseudocapritermesKemner四新种: 1.江城散白蚁Reticulitermes(Frontotermes)jiangchengensis新种; 2.短头散白蚁Peticulitermes(Planifrontotermes)curticeps新种; 3.平颠钩歪白蚁Pseudocapritermes Planimentus新种; 4.江城钩歪白蚁Pseudocapritermes jiangchengensis新种。     

隆安县板栗园的白蚁种类及其危害调查

2010年7月～2012年10月对南宁市隆安县板栗园的白蚁种类及危害情况进行调查,结果表明：板栗园的白蚁种类隶属2科8属16种,以白蚁科的种类占的比例较大,共有6属14种,种类数占875%;鼻白蚁科有2属2种,种类数占125%。危害板栗树的白蚁种类有7种,其中小头钩白蚁Ancistrotermes dimorphus、黄翅大白蚁Macrotermes barneyi、土垄大白蚁Macrotermes annandalei和黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus是危害板栗树的主要种类;平形土白蚁Odontotermes parallelus、细齿大白蚁Macrotermes denticulatus、平头大白蚁Macrotermes planicapitatus、梅多大白蚁Macrotermes meidoensis、方头亮白蚁 Euhamitermes quadratceps、扬子江近扭白蚁Pericapritermes jangtsekiangensis、五指山近扭白蚁Pericapritermes Wuzhishanensis、合浦近扭白蚁Pericapritermes hepuensis和中华钩扭白蚁Pseudocapritermes sinensis等9种白蚁在板栗园中有分布,但不危害板栗树,其中梅多大白蚁及五指山近扭白蚁2个种属广西新记录种。板栗树受白蚁为害较严重的阶段主要在老龄时期,老龄板栗树的受害株率达到9265%,严重受害株率达到7918%。     

中国原白蚁科一新记录属一新记录种

记述分布于云南绿春和沧源的原白蚁科1新记录属:古白蚁属Archotermopsis Desneux 及1新记录种:罗夫顿古白蚁Archotermopsis wroughtoni Desneux.详细描述了其形态特征,提供了罗夫顿古白蚁的整体、头部、前胸背板和上颚照片,以及古白蚁属和国内发现的另一古老白蚁属:原白蚁属Hodotermopsis的区别特征.研究标本保存于中国科学院昆明动物所昆虫标本馆.     

中国原鼻白蚁属的分类(等翅目:鼻白蚁科:原鼻白蚁亚科)

原鼻白蚁属(Prorhinotermes Silvestri, 1909)广布于全球的热带和亚热带地区,长期来被公认作为一个岛屿分布属,已知16种。近年来,对此属的额腺化学分析,进一步确立了这个属由Quenneday et Deligne(1975)建立单属亚科Prorhinotermitinae的进化位置。 我国已知记录为2种,本文记述2新种。海南原鼻白蚁Prorhinotermes hainanen-sis新种是据海南省崖县标本经同美国自然历史博物馆保存的台湾省兰屿的模式标本核对后而定名的;崖县标本曾被认为是P, japonicus(Holmgren)。奇丽原鼻白蚁P.     

云南树白蚁属一新种

云南产树白蚁属(Genus Glyptotermes Froggatt)种类,蔡邦华、陈宁生(1964)在《中国经济昆虫志——等翅目(白蚁)》中收录了赤树白蚁Glyptotermes satsumensis(Matsumura),金平树白蚁G.chinpingensis Tsai et Chen和黑树白蚁G.fuscusOshima三种,范滋德、夏凯龄(1980)发表小树白蚁Glyptotermes parvus一新种。1983年,作者在云南高黎贡山东侧贡山县采得一新种,定名为蔡氏树白蚁Glyptotermestsaii,以悼念蔡邦华教授的逝世。至今,云南产树白蚁属计五个种。蔡氏树白蚁Glyptotermes tsaii Huang et Zhu,新种     

四川散白蚁属六种白蚁新纪录

2008～2011年间,对四川省宜宾市白蚁种类进行调查,发现了6种散白蚁四川新纪录——圆唇散白蚁Reticulitermes labralis Hsia et Fan、细颚散白蚁Reticulitermes leptomandibularis Hsia et Fan、细颏散白蚁Reticulitermes leptogulus Ping et Xu、黄胸散白蚁Reticulitermes flaviceps(Oshima)、舌唇散白蚁Reticulitermes lingulatus Ping和卵唇散白蚁Reticulitermes ovatilabrum Xia et Fan,将四川省散白蚁属白蚁记录种类由6种增加至12种,将四川省白蚁记录种类由62种增加至68种。     

大白蚁属Macrotermes分子研究进展

大白蚁属Macrotermes是等翅目白蚁科大白蚁亚科(Isoptera: Termitidae: Macrotermitinae)中的一类高等培菌白蚁。本文综述了1996年来有关大白蚁属分子研究的文章,提供了截止目前大白蚁属Macrotermes 生物学信息,并分析了目前大白蚁属的分子研究现状,含等翅目系统关系,大白蚁属种间关系,大白蚁拟工蚁与食性演变,大白蚁属与其共生菌关系,及其分子研究的发展方向,特别是中国大白蚁属分子研究现状。     

中国大白蚁亚科壤白蚁新属新种（等翅目：白蚁科）

壤白蚁属Parahy potermes Zhu et Huang,新属 模式种:曼允壤白蚁Parahy potermes manyunensis,新种。 属征:兵蚁头近卵圆形,头背面被毛稀少,两侧缘于触角前骤然狭缩,头中部最宽,后缘宽圆,头背面中部明显隆起;左上颚内缘中部第1缘齿上方具2—3枚小齿。 比较与讨论:本新属与地白蚁属Hypotermes Holmgren较接近。但Hypotermes头两侧缘触角前不呈狭缩状;左上颚第1缘齿上方不具锯齿状小齿;头背面中部呈弧状隆起。     

四川白蚁名录

为了给基础研究和防治应用提供参考,笔者结合近年的研究成果和经验,对1923~2013年的文献涉及内容进行分析和甄别,确认四川地区(含重庆市)现发现白蚁4科14属96种。其中,草白蚁科:原白蚁属1种;木白蚁科:堆砂白蚁属1种,树白蚁属13种;鼻白蚁科:乳白蚁属1种,散白蚁属39种,杆白蚁属17种;白蚁科:土白蚁属5种,大白蚁属2种,亮白蚁属1种,华扭白蚁属5种,近扭白蚁属3种,象白蚁属4种,钝颚白蚁属3种,新白蚁属1种。四川省发现白蚁4科14属64种:其中草白蚁科:原白蚁属1种;木白蚁科:堆砂白蚁属1种,树白蚁属10种;鼻白蚁科:乳白蚁属1种,散白蚁属23种,杆白蚁属13种;白蚁科:土白蚁属1种,大白蚁属1种,亮白蚁属1种,华扭白蚁属3种,近扭白蚁属2种,象白蚁属4种,钝颚白蚁属2种,新白蚁属1种。     

散白蚁属Reticulitermes分子系统发育与生物地理学研究进展

散白蚁属Reticulitermes隶属于等翅目鼻白蚁科Rhinotermitidae,是一类危害严重的重要社会性昆虫。文章回顾了近年来国内外散白蚁属系统发育和生物地理学研究进展,主要比较了传统方法和分子方法对散白蚁属系统发育的研究,包括对鼻白蚁科的进化关系研究,散白蚁属的分子系统发育现状,分子技术发展过程的总结。对散白蚁属的地理分布与其进化关系研究进行了阐述。线粒体、核基因标记和微卫星系统发育分析可以用于推测具有重要经济价值的散白蚁种类如北美散白蚁等的入侵路线和可能的入侵机制。文章最后展望了新兴测序技术、线粒体全基因组、转录组和宏基因组分析等可以用于散白蚁属系统发育分析。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.