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重阳木锦斑蛾越冬幼虫的耐寒性变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】重阳木锦斑蛾Histia rhodope是为害重阳木Bischofia polycarpa的重要害虫之一。本研究旨在了解重阳木锦斑蛾幼虫的抗寒能力,并为探讨抗寒机理提供理论基础。【方法】在越冬期的不同阶段(2017年11月7日、2017年12月7日、2018年1月5日、2018年2月4日和2018年3月5日)分别采集室外重阳木锦斑蛾越冬幼虫,对其体重、过冷却点、结冰点、含水量、脂肪、总糖和总蛋白质含量进行测定。【结果】重阳木锦斑蛾幼虫的过冷却点在越冬期不同月份有显著差异,与环境温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),最低值出现在1月份,为-15.26℃,最高值出现在3月份,为-13.30℃;结冰点变化趋势与过冷却点一致;体重和脂肪含量在越冬期间逐渐下降,与过冷却点无相关性(P>0.05);过冷却能力随着虫体游离水含量的升高而降低,随其降低而升高,而结合水含量的变化趋势恰好相反;总糖含量在11月最高,为14.95 μg/mg,显著高于3月份的5.07 μg/mg;总蛋白质含量在越冬期间呈先升高后降低的趋势,在1月份含量最高,为23.66 μg/mg,显著高于11月份的含量(16.69 μg/mg)。【结论】重阳木锦斑蛾幼虫的耐寒性在越冬期间随气温的降低逐渐增强,随气温的回升又逐渐减弱;蛋白质可能是该虫重要的耐寒物质。 相似文献
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上海地区红棕象甲的耐寒性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
红棕象甲Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)是我国危害棕榈科植物的重要入侵害虫, 为探明其越冬抗寒性, 利用过冷却点测定仪测定了红棕象甲上海种群不同虫态的过冷却点, 在低温箱内测定了该虫不同虫态的耐寒性, 然后结合田间越冬模拟试验、气象资料和寄主分布情况, 初步确定了红棕象甲在我国的越冬北界。结果表明: 红棕象甲过冷却点随虫态的发育程度的升高而下降, 卵、1龄幼虫、5龄幼虫、9龄幼虫和成虫的平均过冷却点分别为-5.92, -6.42, -7.19, -7.43和-11.84℃, 过冷却点由高到低的顺序依次为: 卵>幼虫>成虫。在6, 24, 48和72 h 4个时间处理下, 各虫态在低温与存活率之间呈显著或极显著的logistic回归, 半致死温度(Ltemp50)均随处理时间的延长而上升, 不同虫态在处理72 h 后, 卵、1龄幼虫、5龄幼虫、9龄幼虫和成虫之间的Ltemp50分别为1.61, -1.67, -2.39, -2.40和-0.40℃, 各虫态耐寒性由弱到强的顺序依次为: 卵<成虫<幼虫。红棕象甲不同发育阶段的过冷却点与其耐寒性并不完全相关, 幼虫和成虫均可能是该虫的越冬虫态。连续两年的田间模拟越冬试验表明, 在上海地区, 红棕象甲的幼虫和成虫的越冬存活率均在60%以上, 说明红棕象甲在上海地区是可以越冬的。根据这些结果, 结合寄主分布情况, 初步将红棕象甲在我国的越冬北界定于北纬35°附近, 即1月份0℃等温线左右。 相似文献
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桔小实蝇不同发育阶段过冷却点的测定 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)不同发育阶段的过冷却点进行了测定。结果表明:同一虫期个体间的过冷却点出现不同程度的变异,但均服从正态分布。不同虫期的过冷却点差异显著,其中蛹的过冷却点最低(-12.2℃~-15.0℃)。老熟幼虫的过冷却点为-8.1℃。成虫的过冷却点最低值为7日龄雄虫(-10.5℃)和雌虫(-10.1℃),最高值为60日龄雄虫(-5.9℃)和雌虫(-6.4℃),但同一发育时期的雌、雄成虫之间的过冷却点没有差异。测定结果提示蛹期最有可能是该虫在温带地区越冬的虫态。 相似文献
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在网室内人工接茴香薄翅野螟Evergestis extimalis Scopoli卵,研究结果表明,随着幼虫数量的增加,油菜产量损失增加;与对照相比,当接卵数为216、399、858、1665和3279粒时,产量损失分别达3.13%,2.08%,12.5%,25.10%和43.33%。各网室实际接虫数(x)与其相应的小区油菜产量(y)的关系为:y=-0.0007x+4.8129,表明虫口密度与油菜产量为负相关。在青海省油菜种植区内每平米幼虫或卵数超过10头或粒时,应即时防治。 相似文献
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本文测定了不同时期松阿扁叶蜂Acantholyda posticalis Matsumura越冬幼虫虫体、血淋。巴内氨基酸含量,并对影响幼虫抗寒的氨基酸进行了探讨。对越冬幼虫体内17种氨基酸的研究结果表明,从越冬初期至越冬期,氨基酸种类并没有发生变化,但各种氨基酸含量变化不同,丙氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸和胱氨酸随着温度的下降呈增加趋势。幼虫虫体总氨基酸含量增幅最大的为丙氨酸,比越冬初期增加了28.8%,其次是脯氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸,分别比越冬初期增加了9.4%、6.4%和5.4%,其他氨基酸增加不明显;幼虫血淋巴内游离氨基酸中的丙氨酸、胱氨酸和谷氨酸含量分别比越冬初期增加了94.6%、80.2%和19.6%。因此认为体内这些氨基酸含量的变化可能与低温抗寒密切相关。 相似文献
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Yuqian Feng Lili Xu Wenbo Li Zhichun Xu Meng Cao Jinlin Wang Jing Tao Shixiang Zong 《Agricultural and Forest Entomology》2016,18(3):302-312
- The Asian longhorned beetle is a destructive trunk borer in forests and urban landscape trees.
- Dynamic changes in the supercooling capacity of Anoplophora glabripennis larvae in a natural population and the mechanism of cold hardiness during different overwintering periods at physiological and biochemical levels were explored.
- The results showed that the supercooling point of overwintering larvae decreased initially before increasing subsequently with seasonal changes in ambient temperature. Fresh mass and glycogen tended to decrease initially and then reached their minimum levels in January. Total amounts of low molecular weight substances and free amino acids in the haemolymph increased gradually as the ambient temperature decreased. Glycerol (779.80 ± 29.10 µm /mL) and trehalose (104.35 ± 12.38 µm /mL) concentrations were always higher than those of glucose and mannitol. All low molecular weight substances (besides trehalose) were almost metabolized by early spring. The concentrations of serine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, proline, glutamic acid and alanine all reached their highest level in the colder winter months.
- The results of the present study suggest that A. glabripennis larvae accumulate cryoprotectants to improve their supercooling capacity, and enhance cold hardiness by reducing the supercooling point with respect to a decrease in ambient temperature until freezing temperatures appear. Anoplophora glabripennis larvae are a freeze‐tolerant insect.
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Phospholipids of the cell membrane have been studied from the viewpoint of how overwintering insects inhabiting temperate zones adapt to low temperature. The transition of cell membrane phospholipids from a liquid crystalline phase to a gel phase is a crucial cause of cold or freezing injuries. We determined the qualitative and quantitative changes of phospholipids in the last instar larvae of the rice stem borer in summer and winter. We found that the total amount of their phospholipids did not change significantly between summer and winter and that the sum of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) comprised about 85% of their total phospholipids. In summer, the ratio of their PE to PC was almost one, while from autumn to mid‐winter it increased and reached three in February. The fatty acid compositions of PC hardly changed, and the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids did not exceed 50%. In contrast, the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids of PE in overwintering larvae increased up to 80% as ambient temperatures fell and oleic acid mainly contributed to the high percentage of unsaturation. In the present study, the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative changes of phospholipids and adaptation of the rice stem borer to cold winter climate are discussed. 相似文献
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Abstract Cold hardiness was investigated in overwintering field nests of the black carpenter ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer) in the Commonwealth of Virginia. No active nest thermoregulation was observed: temperatures of galleries, worker bodies, worker clusters, and larval clusters were within 3°C of ambient temperature. Nest temperatures generally fluctuated less rapidly and severely than did ambient temperature; thus, the nest afforded protection from potentially fatal sudden temperature drops. Glycerol, the only polyol cryoprotectant detected, was found in all castes and larvae. Supercooling points were low and ranged from ? 17°C in major workers to ?22°C in larvae. A second heat release peak, occurring around ? 8°C, was seen in all adults, but it was not observed in larvae. This higher temperature peak in adults probably represents the freezing of the gut contents, as adults were found to overwinter with the crop full or partially full. Larvae did not overwinter with liquid food in the gut. 相似文献
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紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是全球性的栽培牧草, 因其秋眠性强弱而导致的抗寒性差异为深刻解析植物耐寒适应的进化生态学机制提供了一个很好的研究模式。作为多年生豆科植物, 秋眠性是紫花苜蓿适应晚秋日照缩短、温度降低, 以及提高越冬存活率的一种生长特性。秋眠性的形成与几千年来紫花苜蓿在全球的传播扩展和栽培利用有关, 长期处于不同的气候生境, 导致秋眠性的适应进化, 这为人类利用提供了丰富的遗传资源。根据秋眠性的强弱, 学术界目前将之分为11个等级。一般而言, 秋眠性的强弱影响了紫花苜蓿的低温驯化与越冬耐寒适应等过程, 导致不同品种间的抗寒性存在差异。迄今, 关于秋眠性的光温调控, 以及秋眠性影响低温驯化的生理生态过程研究较多, 而对相关的细胞信号转导与基因表达调控途径, 尤其是对秋眠性如何影响越冬紫花苜蓿抗冻蛋白作用等耐寒适应的分子机制, 尚知之甚少。针对目前研究中存在的问题, 该文提出了未来需要重点关注的科学问题。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT.
- 1 Cold hardiness as measured by supercooling ability in the active stages of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (F.) decreased progressively with maturation.
- 2 Aphids showed no acclimation response when maintained at low temperatures.
- 3 Starvation did not improve supercooling ability.
- 4 In a single exposure, surface moisture caused inoculation above the inherent supercooling point in a small proportion of a population.
- 5 Field populations show a seasonal change in supercooling ability, which is at a maximum in summer and a minimum in late winter.
- 6 It is concluded that the act of feeding on healthy plant tissue may confer extensive supercooling ability.
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以白菜型冬油菜‘陇油8号’ב陇油9号’杂交后代中选育出的不育系LRCMS,以及代表性甘蓝型油菜不育系(J39A、J68A、Pol10A)和它们的保持系为材料,研究LRCMS在盛花期花蕾和花中POD、SOD、CAT活性和可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶谱变化特征及其雄蕊败育过程。结果显示:(1)所有参试材料花朵中POD活性普遍高于花蕾。(2)不育材料POD活性高于保持材料,甘蓝型不育材料POD活性较保持材料增加幅度大于LRCMS与‘陇油9号’,LRCMS花蕾与花的POD活性分别较保持系材料‘陇油9号’高出15.0%和9.0%;不育材料花的CAT活性高于保持系材料89%~293%,而其花蕾的CAT活性低于保持系材料25%~43%,LRCMS与其它不育材料间无显著差异;不育系材料花SOD活性低于保持系材料15%~25%,LRCMS与其它不育材料无显著差异,其花蕾SOD活性高于保持材料6%~112%,但LRCMS增加幅度低于其它不育材料;保持系材料花蕾与花中蛋白质含量为0.014~0.020mg/g,不育系材料花蕾与花中蛋白质含量为0.012~0.016mg/g,所有不育材料蛋白质含量均低于保持材料。(3)LRCMS的POD同工酶谱在花中较对应的可育系‘陇油9号’和其它甘蓝型雄性不育多1条迁移率(Rf)为0.623的条带。(4)LRCMS雄蕊败育起始于造孢细胞期,造孢细胞粘连,无核仁,绒毡层未发育,为无花粉囊型不育。研究表明,LRCMS与其他类型油菜不育系有着不同的遗传背景,是一个新的白菜型冬油菜不育类型。 相似文献
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Abstract The apple leaf miner Phyllonorycter ringoniella (Matsumura) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) overwinters as a diapausing pupa. The diapause rate reaches 100% in early October. Diapause intensity decreases gradually from early October and diapause terminates in early February. The fresh body weight of diapausing pupae is 1.6 times that of non-diapausing pupae. The main cryoprotectant in P. ringoniella pupae is trehalose. Three stages are distinguishable as indicated by the correlations between diapause intensity, levels of cold hardiness and the trehalose content: diapause induction occurred in October, diapause development from November to December, and post-diapause quiescence from January to April. During diapause induction, the pupae accumulate low levels of trehalose and do not survive exposure to −15 °C. During diapause development, the pupae gradually accumulate more trehalose and show some ability to survive exposure to −15 °C, but not to −20 °C. During post-diapause quiescence, the pupae accumulate relatively more trehalose and cold hardiness fully develops, but decreases quickly in April. The trehalose content in pupae sampled in December is unaffected by acclimation temperatures in the range 0–30 °C, but decreases in pupae sampled in March after acclimation at temperatures from 5 to 15 °C. These results suggest that overwintering pupae of P. ringoniella have the ability to accumulate trehalose and develop a high level of cold hardiness during diapause development. 相似文献
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昆虫是变温动物,气候变化是造成种群季节消长的基本原因之一。尤其在不良的低温环境中,昆虫耐寒力的高低是其种群存在与发展的种要前提,昆虫对低温的适应能力及其机理也因而成为昆虫生态学和生物进化研究中的一个深受重视的问题,本文论述了与耐寒性直接相关的过冷却点昆虫的抗寒对策,明确了昆虫耐寒性的一些基本概念,一方面从环境影响昆虫的角度对耐寒性的一般规律,如季节性变化,地理变异快速冷驯化的作用等做了简要的概念括,另一方面阐述了昆虫适应环境的生理生化机制,包括低分子量的抗冻物质的产生,冰核剂的作用及抗冻蛋白的功能等做了简要的概括,另一方面简单述了昆虫适应环境的生理生化机制,包括低分子量的抗冻物质的产生,冰核剂的作用及抗冻蛋白的功能等。强调昆虫与环境相互作用过程中的生态生理适应,并指出昆虫耐寒性应当与生活史中别的因素联系起来,这样才能对耐寒性有一个更加全面的理解。 相似文献
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《植物生态学报》2015,39(6):635
As a global planting forage legume, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a valuable material to study the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms on plant adaptation to freezing due to their contrasting winter hardiness induced by fall dormancy (FD). This paper reveals that FD is an important growth characteristic that is adaptative to short-day and reducing temperature in late autumn, followed by a higher overwintering rate. Alfalfa cultivars are grouped into 11 FD ratings (numbered from 1 to 11), and this phenomenon is related to the extensive spread and cultivation for thousands of years in the globe. Alfalfa cultivars are under different climate habitats for a long time, leading to FD adaptive evolution, which provides rich genetic resources for human. In general, adaptative process associated with cold acclimation and winter hardiness in alfalfa is affected by FD, thus differences in winter hardiness exist among alfalfa cultivars. So far, regulation of FD by light and temperature and effects of FD on physiological and ecological processes involved in cold acclimation have been reported largely. However, signal transduction and the regulatory network associated with gene expression, especially the molecular mechanisms by which antifreeze proteins function in cold adaptation, are still poorly understood. Several scientific problems that need to be addressed in the future studies are highlighted in this review. 相似文献
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