口服短小双歧杆菌活菌制剂对机体免疫功能的增强效应

探讨短小双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteriumbreve）对正常机体免疫功能的影响及对免疫低功机体的免疫功能调整作用。以环磷酰胺制备免疫低功模型,检测活菌制剂应用后,小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能,自然杀伤（NK）细胞杀伤活性,特异性抗体产生能力及IL—2诱生活性等指标的变化。结果表明短小双歧杆菌活菌制剂口服后可显著提高小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能,NK细胞杀伤活性,特异性抗体产生能力3项指标,IL—2诱生活性与对照组相比有一定提高,但差异无显著性。结果提示短小双歧杆菌对提高正常机体的免疫功能,对免疫低功机体有明显的调整作用。     

厌氧棒状杆菌与双歧杆菌抗小鼠腹水瘤活性的比较

厌氧棒状杆菌和双歧杆菌分别制成死菌苗,在相同实验条件下观察两菌对小鼠腹水瘤的抗瘤效果。结果显示,两种菌苗均有显著的抗瘤活性,而厌氧棒状杆菌抗瘤作用更强于双歧杆菌,特别在延长观察期尤为显著。应用两菌苗后,脾指数均有不同程度升高,未见明显毒性作用。     

双歧杆菌发酵果蔬汁对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究双歧杆菌发酵果蔬汁对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法将小鼠随机分成纯净水对照组与发酵果蔬汁低、中和高3个剂量组,饮水法喂饲小鼠,测定小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、血清溶血素测定、皮肤迟发型超敏反应(DTH)程度。结果与对照组比较,3种果蔬汁能显著增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能,增加血清溶血素抗体水平和DTH程度。结论双歧杆菌发酵果蔬汁能提高机体的免疫功能。     

长双歧杆菌完整肽聚糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的比较长双歧杆菌及其完整肽聚糖的免疫调节作用。方法通过研究长双歧杆菌完整肽聚糖对植瘤小鼠淋巴细胞的转化、抑瘤率、生命延长期以及对细胞Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响来探讨它们对小鼠细胞免疫的调节作用。结果与对照组相比,完整肽聚糖使淋巴细胞转化增加、抑瘤率提高、延长生命期增加、Bcl-2阳性表达率减小而Bax基因表达增加。结论长双歧杆菌与其完整肽聚糖均有抑制S180肿瘤的作用,但完整肽聚糖的效果优于长双歧杆菌。     

益生芽孢杆菌对动物免疫功能影响研究进展

益生芽孢杆菌是一种新型的微生态制剂,其抗性好,具有调节动物肠道微生态平衡、促进机体消化与吸收、增强动物免疫功能、提高动物生产性能等益生效应,在动物养殖业中得到了广泛的应用。本文主要综述了益生芽孢杆菌对动物免疫器官、特异性免疫、非特异性免疫和红细胞免疫等免疫功能的影响,免疫调节和产生抗菌物质两方面的作用机理,以及影响免疫效果的因素,提出有待研究的方向和解决的方法,为益生芽孢杆菌的应用提供理论参考。     

双歧杆菌DM8504菌苗对小鼠肝癌抑制作用及对免疫功能影响的初步研究

本实验对双歧杆菌ＤＭ８５０４菌苗抗小鼠肝癌及对其免疫功能的影响进行了研究。通过测定植瘤后小鼠生存率、平均存活期及抑瘤率和几项免疫学指标来评价。实验结果表明,该菌苗可明显降低植瘤小鼠死亡率并延长其平均存活期,以预防及治疗两种途径给予该菌苗可使ＮＫ细胞活性增高、巨噬细胞消化能力增强,并可提高脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ的增殖反应性及血清中ＴＮＦ－α的活性。本文提示,ＤＭ８５０４菌苗具有一定的抗肿瘤作用及免疫调节能力。     

短小芽孢杆菌噬菌体的分离及特性

以短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)1037及其抗噬菌体衍生株为指示菌,从噬菌体滋生环境中分离得到10株噬菌斑形态和宿主范围不同的PP系列噬菌体,并对它们的血清型、宿主范围以及对热和对不同pH的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,在噬菌体滋生的环境中实际存在着不同血清型和宿主范围的噬菌体群体。由PP系列噬菌体与不同宿主菌之间的关系推测,杂菌污染是噬菌体污染的导因,因而认为在工业上防治噬菌体对生产的危害必须采取综合治理措施。     

双歧杆菌乳剂对正常人红细胞免疫功能的影响

双歧杆菌乳剂对正常人红细胞免疫功能的影响解放军１５０医院洛阳４７１０３１徐禹林,郭军凌近年研究表明,双歧杆菌活菌制品具有免疫增强作用,可明显刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,提高其吞噬功能。红细胞膜表面的Ｃ（３ｂ）,受体（ＣＲ１）具有免疫粘附特性,籍此与白细胞相...     

短小芽胞杆菌的益生作用及其生物降解功能

短小芽胞杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)是一种重要的微生物资源,能够分泌活性较强的代谢产物,在农业、工业、医药等领域具有良好的应用前景.就目前短小芽胞杆菌对动植物的抗菌、抗病毒、改善农作物品质等益生作用及其生物降解功能进行综述,总结并分析降解过程中可能存在的问题,为进一步研究短小芽胞杆菌的生物学功能及其在多个领...     

双歧杆菌乳剂对正常人红细胞免疫功能的影响

双歧杆菌乳剂对正常人红细胞免疫功能的影响解放军１５０医院洛阳４７１０３１徐禹林,郭军凌近年研究表明,双歧杆菌活菌制品具有免疫增强作用,可明显刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,提高其吞噬功能。红细胞膜表面的Ｃ３ｂ受体（ＣＲ１）具有免疫粘附特性,籍此与白细胞相互作用...     

不同方法生产的短棒状杆菌生物学活性比较

提高短棒状杆菌疫苗临床疗效,解决接种后局部硬结,发烧等不良副反应。在菌体菌苗的基础上,采用超声、破碎、离心、胰酶消化脱脂的方法提取细胞壁做脾激活抑瘤试验生物学检定。结果显示,纯化的短棒状杆菌细胞壁可使小鼠脾激活指数达到4.06。能抑制艾氏腹水瘤的生长,而菌体脾指数3.18。实验证实,纯化的短棒杆菌细胞壁菌苗的活性好于菌体菌苗。     

The distribution and effects of intrapleural Corynebacterium parvum in mice

Summary After intrapleural (IPl) injection of ¹²⁵ I or fluorescein labelled C. parvum, most was confined to the pleural and mediastinal spaces. The pleural phagocytes and mediastinal lymph nodes were heavily labelled, but very little was found in the lung. The amounts of C. parvum taken up by the liver and spleen were less than after IV injection and splenomegaly was also less after IPl than IV injection. A large proportion (>90%) of cells in pleural washouts following IPl C. parvum was activated macrophages which inhibited, nonspecifically, the growth of tumor cells in vitro. No similar activity was detected after IV C. parvum. IPl injection of C. parvum mixed with irradiated tumor cells conferred strong, specific systemic immunity against tumor challenge, and this immunity was also demonstrable using mediastinal lymph node cells in a Winn assay. The immunity resulting from IV C. parvum and IPl irradiated tumor cells was significantly lower. IPl C. parvum has been compared with IV C. parvum for its effect against tumors growing either in the lung or pleural cavity. Tumors growing in the pleural cavity were inhibited more effectively by IPl than IV C. parvum. With tumors growing in the lung (caused by tumor cells injected IV), although IV C. parvum was more effective at reducing the number of lung nodules during the first two weeks, the mice consistently survived longer after IPl C. parvum.M.T.S. is a member of the Ludwig Lung Cancer Study Group. The present work arose out of discussions with other members of the group and is presented on their behalf. The study group is: M. Kaufmann, J. Stjernswärd (Ludwig Institut for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Switzerland), M. Zelen, K. Stanley (Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Inc. Amherst, New York, USA), D. S. Freestone, R. Bomford, M. T. Scott, T. Priestman (The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, England), C. Mouritzen, G. Ahlbom (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Aarhus Kommunehospital, Aarhus, Denmark), N. Konietzko, D. Greschuchna (Ruhrland Klinik, Essen-Haidhausen, Germany), P. Hilgard (Innere Klinik und Poliklinik [Tumorforschung] Essen, Germany), J. Vogt-Moykopf, D. Zeidler, H. Toomes (Thoraxchirurgische Spezial-Klinik, Heidelberg-Rohrbach, Germany), F. Krause, R. Rios (Thoraxchirurgische Abt., Fachkrankenhaus für Lungen-und Bronchialerkrankungen, Löwenstein, Germany), J. Orel, M. Benedik, B. Hrabar (Clinical Center, Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia), S. Plesnicar (The Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia), H. A. Rostad, J. R. Vale (Rikshospital, Oslo, Norway), S. Hagen, S. Birkeland, (Ulleval Hospital, Oslo, Norway), T. Harbitz, R. Nissen-Meyer (Aker Hospital, Oslo, Norway), L. Rodriguez, V. O. Björk, K. Böök (Karolinska Sjukhuset, Thoracic Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden), E. Gradel, J. Hasse, P. Holbro (Kantonsspital, Thoraxchirurgische Klinik, Basel, Switzerland), L. Eckmann (Tiefenauspital, Chir. Univ.-Klinik, Bern, Switzerland), B. Nachbur, T. Liechti (Inselspital, Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Bern, Switzerland), H. Cottier (Inst. of Pathology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland), W. Maurer, M. Kaufmann, P. Froelicher (Bürgerspital, Surgical Dept., Solothurn, Switzerland), H. Denck, N. Pridun (Krankenhaus der Stadt Wien-Lainz, Chir. Abt., Vienna, Austria), K. Karrer (Institute for Cancer Research, University of Vienna, Austria)Visiting Investigator. Recipient of an American Cancer Society Fellowship     

Infectivity of preserved Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts for immunosuppressed adult mice

Abstract The present study was undertaken to determine the infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts for immunosup-pressed adult C57BL/6N mice after the oocysts had been stored from 1–48 months at 4°C in 2.5% potassium dichromate. All mice inoculated with oocysts 1–18 months old developed patent infections, while mice inoculated with older oocysts remained uninfected. The prepatent period was extended from 2 to 6 or 7 days as the storage time for oocysts increased. The finding that C. parvum oocysts remain infective for mice for at least 18 months offers important economic and time-saving advantages for investigators who frequently require large numbers of oocysts that must be painstakingly purified from calf manure.     

Effects of Corynebacterium parvum on depressed immunological reactions in EL-4-tumor-bearing mice

Summary Effects of Corynebacterium parvum on the development of plaque-forming cells (PFC), cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC), and delayed footpad reaction (DFR) to chicken erythrocytes (CRBC) were investigated in EL-4-bearing syngeneic mice. PFC, CMC, and DFR responses after the primary immunization were suppressed in tumor-bearing mice and restored by C. parvum treatment. PFC and CMC responses in tumor-bearing mice were restored by the transfer of spleen cells of C. parvum-treated normal mice. Such powers of recovery were abrogated by the removal of glass-adherent cells but not by the removal of -positive or Ig-positive cells. DFR was suppressed not only in the primary but also in the secondary immunization, in contrast to PFC and CMC; the secondary responses of these types were not suppressed in tumor-bearing mice. Positive DFR was not elicited in tumor-bearing mice after adoptive transfer of sensitized lymphocytes from normal immune donors. The DFR became positive in such tumor-bearing recipients when they were treated by C. parvum. Macrophage functions in the induction phase of the immune response as accessory cells and in the expression of DFR as secondary cells appear to be suppressed in tumor-bearing mice and restored by C. parvum.     

Characterization of a secondary uptake system for l-glutamate in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Abstract A new transport system for the uptake of l-glutamate was characterized in Corynebacterium glutamicum strain Δ glu, in which the previously described binding protein-dependent glutamate uptake system is not present. Kinetic characterization revealed a highly specific secondary transport system, dependent on sodium ions. Glutamate uptake showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with a K _m of 0.6 mM and a V _max of 15 nmol min⁻¹ (mg dw)⁻¹. For the co-transported sodium ions, a relatively low K _m of 3.3 mM was determined.     

Complete development of Cryptosporidium parvum in MDBK cells

Abstract Sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum excysted in vitro from bovine oocysts were incubated with monolayers of Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. The extent of parasite colonisation was monitored by light microscopy and immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy confirmed the complete development and replication of C. parvum within Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells.     

Current progress in the fatty acid metabolism in Cryptosporidium parvum

Cryptosporidium parvum is one of the apicomplexans that can cause severe diarrhea in humans and animals. The slow development of anti-cryptosporidiosis chemotherapy is primarily due to the poor understanding on the basic metabolic pathways in this parasite. Many well-defined or promising drug targets found in other apicomplexans are either absent or highly divergent in C. parvum. The recently discovered apicoplast and its associated Type II fatty acid synthetic enzymes in Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Eimeria apicomplexans are absent in C. parvum, suggesting this parasite is unable to synthesize fatty acids de novo. However, C. parvum possesses a giant Type I fatty acid synthase (CpFAS1) that makes very long chain fatty acids using mediate or long chain fatty acids as precursors. Cryptosporidium also contains a Type I polyketide synthase (CpPKS1) that is probably involved in the production of unknown polyketide(s) from a fatty acid precursor. In addition to CpFAS1 and CpPKS1, a number of other enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism have also been identified. These include a long chain fatty acyl elongase (LCE), a cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), three acyl-CoA synthases (ACS), and an unusual "long-type" acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP), which allows us to hypothetically reconstruct the highly streamlined fatty acid metabolism in this parasite. However, C. parvum lacks enzymes for the oxidation of fatty acids, indicating that fatty acids are not an energy source for this parasite. Since fatty acids are essential components of all biomembranes, molecular and functional studies on these critical enzymes would not only deepen our understanding on the basic metabolism in the parasites, but also point new directions for the drug discovery against C. parvum and other apicomplexan-based diseases.     

Antitumor activity of Corynebacterium parvum administered into the pleural cavity of mice

Summary We investigated the efficacy of intrapleurally (IPl) injected 0.25 mg Corynebacterium parvum (CP) against pulmonary tumor deposits of four syngeneic murine tumors, C3Hf/Bu or CBA fibrosarcoma (FSa) or mammary carcinoma (MCa), and compared its efficacy with that of intravenous (IV) CP. A mode of action of CP given by IPl administration was also studied. When given to mice prior to the IV inoculation of tumor cells, IPl and IV CP reduced the number of metastases of C3Hf/Bu-FSa and CBA-MCa equally well. Intrapleural injection of CP within a week after tumor cell inoculation was more effective against metastases in the lung than IV CP. A combination of IPl and IV administration of CP was more effective in the therapy of lung metastases of CBA-FSa and CBA-MCa than either single treatment alone. Intrapleural and IV injections of CP augmented concomitant immunity to artificially produced lung metastases of C3Hf/Bu-FSa. Intrapleural CP was less effective than IV CP in inducing complete regression of the SC growing C3Hf/Bu-FSa.In contrast to IV CP, IPl CP did not markedly influence the spleen weight and cellularity. It was also less effective in increasing the liver weight. However, CP by either route of injection led to a significant increase in the lung weight. CP injected IPl, but not IV, caused a significant increase in the number of nucleated cells in the pleural cavity of mice. More than 90% of these cells were macrophages, and they were found to be cytotoxic for in vitro cultures of CBA-MCa cells. Activated macrophages also mediated in vivo antitumor resistance, as shown by the abolition of this resistance by treatment of the mice with carrageenan.     

双组份转运系统BrnFE的过表达和表面活性剂的添加对谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵生产L-异亮氨酸的影响

为了提高L-异亮氨酸生产菌株Corynebacterium glutamicum LD320的产酸水平,通过改善其分泌系统,在C. glutamicum LD320中分别过表达突变型和野生型的双组份转运系统BrnFE操纵子,构建了重组菌LD320/pXMJ19-brnFE和LD320/pXMJ19-brnFE1。通过对两株重组菌的L-异亮氨酸生产分析比较,发现突变型比野生型能更有效地提高 L-异亮氨酸产量。同时对 LD320/pXMJ19-brnFE1进行表面活性剂添加实验,发现Tween-80为最佳选择,其最佳添加量为0.5 g/L,最佳添加时间为对数期的16 h。最后通过7 L发酵罐放大实验,LD320/pXMJ19-brnFE1的L-异亮氨酸产量由18.53 g/L提高到25.45 g/L,比对照组提高了37%。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌海藻糖合成酶基因的克隆及功能鉴定

利用生物信息学手段,在GenBank数据库进行氨基酸的同源性检索分析,发现来自谷氨酸棒杆茵(Corynebacterium glutamicum)一功能未确定的ORF序列被注释为假设的海藻糖酶(putative trehalose sesynthase),它与已报道的海藻糖合成酶的氨基酸序列有60％以上的同源性。本研究把这段ORF克隆到大肠杆茵进行表达及进行功能鉴定。实验表明这段ORF序列为一新的海藻糖合成酶基因,其表达产物能将麦芽糖分子转化成海藻糖分子。重组酶性质的初步研究表明重组酶在pH7．0～7．5,30℃转化麦芽糖效率最高。