东亚飞蝗肠道内高产纤维素酶菌株筛选及鉴定

为微生物制剂生产筛选菌种资源。运用昆虫解剖技术取出东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria manilensis)肠道,采用稀释涂板法对肠道内的菌种进行分离,并利用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)改良培养基初筛产纤维素酶菌株。结果表明,从东亚飞蝗肠道内共分离得到12株产纤维素酶菌株,均为细菌,并对纤维素酶活较高的菌株K005进行了形态学和分子生物学鉴定,通过菌落及菌体形态特征、生理生化特性、16S r DNA序列测定结果,将该菌株鉴定为蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。     

高产纤维素酶枯草芽胞杆菌S-16的筛选及其发酵工艺优化

利用刚果红鉴别培养基及基础液体筛选培养基进行菌种筛选,从新疆盐碱地分离得到的16株菌株中筛选获得一株产纤维素酶活力较高的菌株S-16,对该菌株进行16SrDNA鉴定,确定该菌为枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。对S-16发酵产纤维素酶的主要影响因素进行研究,分别考察了碳源、氮源、培养基初始pH和接种量等因素对发酵产纤维素酶的影响。结合单因素影响实验得到优化后的培养基配方为:羧甲基纤维素钠1.5%,酵母粉1%,NaCl 1%,MgSO_4·7H_2O 2‰,KH_2PO_4·3H_2_O 1‰。优化后的发酵条件为:初始pH为8,接种量1%,种龄8h,培养时间48h。经过发酵工艺优化,S-16产生的羧甲基纤维素酶活(CMCase)和滤纸酶活(FPase)分别达到4.64IU/mL和0.46IU/mL,与初始培养条件下的酶活相比分别提高了3.14倍和1.30倍。本研究得到的枯草芽胞杆菌S-16及其优化发酵工艺为秸秆的快速腐熟和高产纤维素酶的应用奠定了基础。     

产纤维素酶菌株的分离、鉴定及其酶学性质研究

利用刚果红变色圈法从土壤中分离得到1株产纤维素酶活较高的细菌YL07.通过分析其生理生化性质和16S rDNA序列的同源性,将菌株YL07鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).同时.对菌株YL07所产纤维素酶的酶学性质进行了研究.结果表明:酶反应的最适pH值为6～7,在PH 6.0～9.0的范围内较稳定,酶反应的最适温度为40℃,30℃以下酶的热稳定性较好.K 、Ca2 对CMCage有激活作用,Fe2 、Na 、K 、Ca2 、Mg2 对滤纸酶活(FPase)有激活作用.     

一株高效纤维素降解菌株的分离鉴定及其酶学性质

从黄浦江淀山湖的水底沉积物中筛选分离得到一株产纤维素酶的菌株。经细菌形态观察,生理生化实验并结合16SrRNA序列分析,鉴定该菌为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),同时发现其在系统发育树中处于一个独立的分支,推测该菌为Bacillus属中一个新的亚种。对该菌株产酶及酶活特性进行了初步研究,发现纤维素酶的产生与细菌的生长密切相关。该菌株在37°C,pH7.0的条件下,发酵66h后纤维素酶活达到最高值4.58U/mL。     

两株高产纤维素酶细菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学特性

从腐烂枯叶及附近土壤筛选分离得到2株产纤维素酶的菌株。经细菌形态观察、生理生化实验并结合16S rRNA序列分析,将其初步鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌CT1(Bacillus licheniformis CT1)和枯草芽孢杆菌CM2(Bacillus subtilis CM2)。经摇瓶发酵,测定其CMCase、FPA酶活力,结果表明CT1和CM2在液体摇瓶培养4 d后的CMC酶活最大,分别可达163.3 U/mL和167.17 U/mL;CT1摇瓶培养2 d后,FPA酶活达到了211.17 U/mL,CM2摇瓶培养3 d后,FPA酶活为207.83 U/mL。进行不同碳源对菌株产酶能力影响的试验,并通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、银染后初步分析纤维素酶谱条带,发现菌株对不同来源纤维素的降解能力及产纤维素酶的种类均有所不同。     

一株产纤维素酶细菌的筛选鉴定

目的：从青贮饲料中分离筛选产纤维素酶的细菌。方法：用刚果红染色法和羧甲基纤维素酶活力测定法对分离所得的细菌进行筛选。结果：筛选到1株产纤维素酶能力较强的菌株,编号为ws-6。对该菌进行形态观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列测定,鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）。结论：该菌最适生长pH 5．0—7．0,最适生长温度35℃,产CMC酶活力达2．55U／mL。     

产酶芽胞杆菌的筛选及菌株HB13000的鉴定

芽胞杆菌产酶种类多、生长速度快、抗逆性强,在堆肥过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究采用水解圈法研究了348株芽胞杆菌产酶特性,获得产纤维素酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶芽胞杆菌34株。其中,菌株HB13000相对酶活力较高,酶活Hc(水解圈直径/菌落直径)分别为:纤维素酶Hc=4.30,蛋白酶Hc=1.47,淀粉酶Hc=3.25,对纤维素、淀粉和蛋白质均表现出较强的降解活性。依据菌体形态、生理生化特征和16S r DNA系统发育分析,鉴定HB13000为Bacillus methylotrophicus(甲基营养型芽胞杆菌)。本研究为有机物降解与农业废弃物堆肥提供了新的菌种资源。     

一株碱性纤维素酶产生菌的分离、鉴定及酶谱分析

目的:从土样中分离株碱性纤维素酶高产菌株.方法:利用CMC平板初筛,然后利用摇瓶复筛,筛选酶活力高的菌株,对分离出的一株高产菌株进行了鉴定并对其所产酶进行了酶谱分析.结果:获得一株碱性纤维素酶高产菌株H12,酶活力达到1.96U/ml.结论:该菌株呈长杆状、革兰氏染色为阳性、产芽孢;16S rDNA基因序列为1 419bp,与短小芽孢杆菌16S rDNA基因序列具有最高的同源性,基于16S rDNA基因序列的同源性分析以及系统发育分析等方面的多相分类研究,鉴定菌株H12为为短小芽孢杆菌;碱性纤维素酶的酶谱分析只有一条水解条带,酶分子量在75kD左右.     

一株高效降解纤维素菌株的筛选及其产酶能力研究

目的筛选并鉴定一种产纤维素酶能力较高的菌株,为纤维素的高效利用贮备菌源。方法用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)平板筛选产纤维素酶菌株,通过LB培养基对其进行纯化,16SrDNA基因序列分析其分类地位,3,5-二硝基水杨酸法(DNS)测定其产酶能力。结果分离纯化得到的产纤维素酶菌株(S1)为芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus genus)的短小芽胞菌,在最佳产酶条件下产酶含量达到1 204U/mL,产纤维素酶能力与里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)相当,但其产酶速率较里氏木霉低。结论 S1是一株产纤维素酶能力较高的菌株,产酶条件温和,初步鉴定为一种新种,具有较高研究及应用价值。     

产纳豆激酶菌株Bacillus sp.ZLK08的分离及酶纯化

获得稳定产纳豆激酶菌株,为高酶活纳豆激酶产生菌的改造奠定基础.取各来源纳豆,用平板梯度稀释法分离菌株,测定菌株酶活,利用16S rDNA鉴定产酶菌株,凝胶过滤法纯化纳豆激酶并SDS-PAGE检测分析.成功获得稳定产酶芽胞杆菌Bacillus sp.ZLK08,16S rDNA分析表明其与GenBank中序列同源率达到99％,液体发酵表明酶活达到2.5 FU/mL,经纯化,SDS-PAGE表明纳豆激酶分子量为28.46 ku.分离出的Bacillus sp.ZLK08菌株能稳定产纳豆激酶且具有较高酶活.     

纤维素酶及其应用

文章介绍了纤维素酶的组成、来源及生产方法。论述了纤维素酶在饲料工业、食品加工、纺织工业、发酵食品行业的应用,并对其发展前景作了展望。     

Continuous Cellulase Production

Trichoderma viride QM 9414 growth characteristics on glucose were investigated in single stage continuous stirred tank reactor operation and growth parameters μ_max, K_s, Q_O2 identified. Multistage stirred tank fermentors in series with the first stage utilizing glucose and the subsequent stages utilizing cellulose yielded results in general agreement with theoretical predictions. Significant increase in enzyme productivity over single stage fermentation was obtained in multistage operation.     

Cellulase, Clostridia, and Ethanol

Biomass conversion to ethanol as a liquid fuel by the thermophilic and anaerobic clostridia offers a potential partial solution to the problem of the world's dependence on petroleum for energy. Coculture of a cellulolytic strain and a saccharolytic strain of Clostridium on agricultural resources, as well as on urban and industrial cellulosic wastes, is a promising approach to an alternate energy source from an economic viewpoint. This review discusses the need for such a process, the cellulases of clostridia, their presence in extracellular complexes or organelles (the cellulosomes), the binding of the cellulosomes to cellulose and to the cell surface, cellulase genetics, regulation of their synthesis, cocultures, ethanol tolerance, and metabolic pathway engineering for maximizing ethanol yield.     

壳聚糖固定化纤维素酶的研究

以蟹壳为原料提取壳聚糖,用戊二醛作交联剂,将纤维素酶固定于壳聚糖上．同时探讨了一定量干壳聚糖载体与交联剂浓度、给酶量等关系的最适固定化酶条件,并对固定化酶的热稳定性、操作稳定性、米氏常数、最适温度、离子强度的影响及使用半衰期等理化性质进行了探讨．     

Cellulase production by Rhizobium

Summary The production of cellulase byRhizobium species was studied.Rhizobium trifolii cellulase was induced by a variety of polysaccharides, including celluloses and hemicelluloses. Cellobiose and myo-inositol also allowed enzyme expression but mannitol prevented it at concentrations higher than 0.25%. Both soluble and insoluble plant root substances moderately stimulated cellulase production byRhizobium trifolii.Most substances tested did not induce the production of cellulases by the slow-growing, cowpea type rhizobia strain CIAT 79. Effective inducers were carboxymethylcellulose, gluconate and myo-inositol.Cellulase production was very low under all conditions tested. In most cases the enzyme activity was loosely bound to the capsular material. The enzyme in fast-growers is an 1,4--D-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase (endo-glucanase EC 3.2.1.4) with specificity for high molecular weight polysaccharides.There was no correlation between infectiveness ofRhizobium trifolii strains and cellulase production. One strain, which lacks the nodulation plasmid, produced cellulase at the same rate as its parental infective strain.     

Cellulase production byPenicillium janthinellum

The maximal carboxymethyl cellulase, filter paper (FP) cellulase and -glucosidase activities achieved byPenicillium janthinellum grown in a fermenter were 60, 5 and 9 U/ml, respectively. Enzymic hydrolysis of 5m NaOH-pre-treated straw, cotton and FP was 57 to 58% in 48 h at 50°C, with glucose as the major product.     

Cellulase production and its localization inTrichoderma harzianum

The ability ofT. harzianum to produce the three components of cellulase,viz. filter paper activity, carboxymethylcellulase and β-glucosidase was investigated. The optimum pH and temperature for all the enzymes in the culture nitrate was 5–7 and 27°C, respectively. The shaken culture conditions gave low yields of the enzyme as compared to static cultures. Most of the FP-activity and CM-cellulase were located extracellularly but reasonable amount of β-glucosidase was retained in the cell debris fraction.