L6565小鼠白血病病毒诱发小鼠白血病

为探讨病毒与白血病发生的关系,我们用L6565小鼠白血病病毒（L6565MLV）悬液感染乳鼠,每周观察小鼠的发病情况及病理变化,并用逆转录一聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）动态检测小鼠体内病毒核酸的分布,结果发现：小鼠感染病毒后3－5周,其脾脏和淋巴结呈早期白血病的病理改变,至第10－12周小鼠发生淋巴细胞白血病,表现出耸毛、活动减少、腹膨胀等症状。病毒核酸于感染后第2周首先在小鼠胸腺、脾脏检测到,随时间延长,病毒核酸广泛分布在外周血、胸腺、脾脏、淋巴结等多种脏器组织中。本实验表明L6565小鼠白血病病毒可诱发小鼠白血病,其机制可能与病毒促使淋巴细胞向白血病细胞转化有关。     

L6565小鼠白血病病毒诱发小鼠白血病

为探讨病毒与白血病发生的关系,我们用L6565小鼠白血病病毒(L6565MLV)悬液感染乳鼠,每周观察小鼠的发病情况及病理变化,并用逆转录一聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)动态检测小鼠体内病毒核酸的分布.结果发现小鼠感染病毒后3～5周,其脾脏和淋巴结呈早期白血病的病理改变.至第10～12周小鼠发生淋巴细胞白血病,表现出耸毛、活动减少、腹膨胀等症状.病毒核酸于感染后第2周首先在小鼠胸腺、脾脏检测到,随时间延长,病毒核酸广泛分布在外周血、胸腺、脾脏、淋巴结等多种脏器组织中.本实验表明L6565小鼠白血病病毒可诱发小鼠白血病,其机制可能与病毒促使淋巴细胞向白血病细胞转化有关.     

L615白血病鼠胸腺和脾脏淋巴细胞脱氢酶同工酶的研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对比研究了纯系６１５鼠和Ｌ６１５可移植性淋巴细胞型白血病鼠胸腺和脾脏淋巴细胞的葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶同工酶（ＥＣｌ．１．１．４９,Ｄ－葡萄糖－６－磷酸：ＮＡＤＰ氧化还原酶,Ｇ６ＰＤ）和乳酸脱氢酶同工酶（ＥＣｌ．１．１．２７,Ｌ－乳酸：ＮＡＤ氧化还原酶,ＬＤＨ）。并应用定量细胞化学法对ＬＤＨ和６ＰＤ全酶活性进行了测定。结果：在Ｌ６１５白血病鼠胸腺淋巴细胞中（白血病细胞占４０％）,Ｇ６ＰＤ同工酶谱显示异常,全酶活性明显增高、ＬＤＨ同工酶谱及全酶活性未发生明显变化。Ｌ６１５白血病鼠脾脏淋巴细胞中（白血病细胞占８４％）,Ｇ６ＰＤ和ＬＤＨ同工酶谱均显示异常,同时全酶活性也明显增强。提示：Ｇ６ＰＤ对白血病细胞的恶性增殖和浸润似乎更为敏感。     

抗J亚群禽白血病病毒的鸡胚成纤维细胞系建立

将J亚群禽白血病病毒囊膜基因(ALV-Jenv)插入pcDNA3.1真核表达载体,构建成转移载体pcDNA-env,并转染鸡胚成纤维细胞系DF-1,通过Zeocin药物筛选获得转染阳性细胞。细胞经传30代后,冻存。13个月后复苏,置不含药物的培养基中传代培养。连续传40代后,分别用PCR、Southern blot、间接免疫荧光(IFA)及Western blot对该细胞中的env基因进行了检测,并进行了抗病毒感染分析。研究结果表明,通过Zeocin药物筛选获得了稳定表达ALV-Jenv基因的鸡胚成纤维细胞系,命名为pcDNA-env-DF-1细胞。该细胞在体外抗ALV-J感染试验中,能抵抗1×104个TCID50病毒感染量,提示所构建的细胞系具有良好的抗病毒作用。这一细胞系的构建为研究ALV-J Env蛋白与宿主细胞表面受体相互作用分子机理提供了很好的工具。     

MAR介导的逆转录病毒包装细胞系的建立

根据GenBank登录的序列号,使用primer5.0进行引物设计,提取人的外周血基因组DNA为模板,PCR方法扩增出人β-珠蛋白MAR序列,将MAR序列插入到逆转录病毒表达载体pLXSN,构建MAR序列介导的逆转录病毒载体。酶切和测序鉴定后,阳离子聚合物转染PA317细胞,G418筛选出阳性细胞克隆,提取病毒液上清,测定逆转录病毒颗粒滴度,逆转录病毒颗粒的最高滴度为1.6×106CFU/mL,成功建立了MAR介导的逆转录病毒包装细胞系。     

急性髓性白血病HB-1细胞系细胞具有侵入CBA/N小鼠脑部的能力

急性髓性白血病HB-1细胞系是由辐射处理的CBA／N小鼠脾脏细胞克隆并建立起来的。静脉注射HB-1细胞到正常CBA／N小鼠体内会诱发急性髓性白血病综合症,并使小鼠2周左右死亡。一般情况下,白血病细胞被接种到小鼠后会侵入造血器官、肺、肾和肝脏。我们在研究中发现了一令人感兴趣的现象,不仅在小鼠的肺、肾和肝脏中,而且在大脑和小脑中也观察到了HB-1细胞。白血病细胞能穿过血脑屏障在正常情况下是难以理解的,因为血脑屏障可阻止血细胞进入脑内,并且严格有选择地让小分子通过。因此,HB-1细胞将是阐明形成血脑屏障的内皮细胞上的附贴分子和选择性地让特殊细胞侵入脑的一个很好的模型。     

含结构性倒位inv(5)(p13.1 q13.3)的毛细胞白血病细胞系的建立

为从分子水平揭示毛细胞白血病（HCL）的发病机理提供研究材料,将患者外周血淋巴细胞分离,用EBV病毒转化后进行细胞培养,建立细胞系,在连续传代3个月后,进行染色体组型分析,所培养细胞的染色体组型分析结果,与患者新鲜的外周血淋巴细胞的完全相同,证实该细胞系构建成功。     

615小鼠ES细胞集落的分离及初步鉴定

目的　分离和培养 6 15小鼠的ES细胞集落 ,为建系打下基础。方法　以PMEF为饲养层分离 6 15小鼠的ES细胞集落 ,进行无饲养层培养 ,并对其进行初步鉴定。结果　ES细胞集落的出现率和传代成功率为 2 2 6 %和 0 94 % ,其ALP染色阳性 ,具有稳定的二倍体核型 ,可自发分化为多种类型的细胞。结论　成功分离和培养了6 15小鼠的ES细胞集落     

异嗜性小鼠白血病病毒相关病毒（XMRV）与人类疾病的相关性研究进展*

异嗜性小鼠白血病病毒相关病毒(XMRV)是第一个能够感染人的γ型逆转录病毒。由于逆转录病毒具有插入宿主染色体引发基因突变的特性,以及部分γ型逆转录病毒携带原癌基因并能诱发癌症,致使XMRV感染与人类癌症发病之间的关系受到广泛关注。西方研究表明XMRV感染与前列腺癌和慢性疲劳综合症的发病有一定的相关性,因此成为研究热点。但各地报告的检测结果却不尽相同,甚至有矛盾之处。XMRV致瘤性可能是能够激活内源性原癌基因,从而导致细胞转化。在我国,目前尚未见XMRV感染与人类疾病关系的相关研究报道。XMRV感染的地区间或人群间差异性也有待研究。其感染的途径及临床可普及应用的检测手段也未被阐明,在我国不同地区不同类型人群中的感染率、与疾病的关系、对我国人口健康的潜在影响,均有待研究。     

白血病小鼠模型的建立与应用进展

白血病又被称为"血癌",其发病的根本特征是白血病细胞在骨髓及其他造血组织中呈恶性、无限制地增生,浸润全身各组织和脏器,产生不同症状,使患者易发生严重的感染或继发性的败血症、引起出血、肠功能衰竭、高尿酸血症等,严重威胁到患者的生命。因此白血病治疗的研究至关重要。利用实验动物进行各种疾病、药物疗效实验的研究,是医药领域发展的一个重要方面。对于白血病的研究,小鼠在生物学、遗传学、造血系统等方面与人类相似,因此是较为理想的动物白血病模型。本文对近五年来国内外研究常用的小鼠白血病模型进行综述。     

细胞培养物中的逆转录病毒检测

本文用非放射性法测定了K562,SP2/0,L-02,SPC-A-1,SMMC-7721和Hut-102等6个细胞培养液超离心沉淀物逆转录酶的含量,间接证明细胞培养物中逆转录病毒的存在。结果表明,Hut-102细胞为阳性,其它5个细胞系为阴性。     

Effect of Hypochlorite-Based Disinfectants on Inactivation of Murine Norovirus and Attempt to Eliminate or Prevent Infection in Mice by Additionto Drinking Water

We evaluated the in vitro efficacy of weak acid hypochlorous solution(WAHS) against murine norovirus (MNV) by plaque assay and compared the efficacy withdiluted NaOCl (Purelox) and 70% ethanol. WAHS was as effective as 70% ethanol and dilutedPurelox for 0.5-min reactions. For 0.5-min reactions in the presence of mouse fecesemulsion, the efficacy of WHAS and 1:600 diluted Purelox was decreased, reducing the virustiters by 2.3 and 2.6 log₁₀, respectively, while 70% ethanol reduced the titerby more than 5 log₁₀. However, WAHS showed more than 5 log₁₀reductions for the 5-min reaction even in the presence of feces emulsion. Since WAHSshowed enough efficacy in inactivating MNV in vitro, we tried toeliminate MNV from MNV-infected mice by substituting WAHS for their drinking water.However, MNV was found to be positive in feces of mice drinking WAHS by an RT-nested PCRand plaque assay. To investigate whether hypochlorite-based disinfectants could preventinfection of a mouse with MNV, WAHS or 1:6,000 diluted Purelox was substituted for thedrinking water of mice for 2 or 4 weeks, and then the mice were placed in a cage with anMNV-infected mouse. The supply of disinfectants was continued after cohabitation, but MNVwas detected in the feces of all the mice at 1 week after cohabitation. In this study, wetried to eliminate and prevent MNV infection from mice by supplying hypochlorite-baseddisinfectants as an easy and low-cost method. Unfortunately, drinking disinfectants wasineffective, so it is important to keep the facility environment clean by use of effectivedisinfectants. Also, animals introduced into facilities should be tested as MNV free byquarantine and periodically confirmed as MNV free by microbiological monitoring.     

The efficacy of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells for B-cell malignancies

Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells has proved remarkably effective in recently published clinical trials. In this meta-analysis, we performed a systematic review in terms of the clinical response treated with CAR-T cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and lymphomas patients. Thirty-eight published clinical studies including 665 patients were eligible for response rate (RR) evaluation. The overall pooled RR of CD19-CAR-T cells was 72% (95% confidence interval: 62–77%). The various clinical parameters were analyzed. RR was 81% in ALL, 68% in lymphoma and 70% in CLL. RR in patients who received interleukin (IL)-2 was 70%, whereas in those who did not receive IL-2, it was 74%. RR was 75% with lymphodepletion and 56% without lymphodepletion. RR with autologous cells was 76% and 57% with allogeneic cells. In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed a high clinical RR of CD19-CAR-T cell–based immunotherapy in patients with refractory B-cell malignancies.     

A specific high-performance liquid chromatography assay for dehydroascorbic acid shows an increased content in CLL lymphocytes

A method for the assay of dehydroascorbic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography with uv detection is described. The dehydroascorbic acid is separated from ascorbic acid and reduced with dithiothreitol, and is then quantitated as ascorbic acid following rechromatography. Since as little as 22 pmol can be detected, sensitivity is at least 40-fold greater than that of other currently available procedures. This method was used to measure the level of dehydroascorbic acid in normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes. A significantly higher concentration of dehydroascorbic acid was found in leukemic (21.80 +/- 3.55 nmol/10(8) cells, mean +/- SE) than in normal lymphocytes (9.32 +/- 1.15 nmol/10(8) cells) (P less than 0.03). Analysis of extracts from normal B cell lymphocytes revealed comparable dehydroascorbic acid levels to unfractionated lymphocytes, indicating that the elevated level in chronic lymphocytic leukemia was not simply a reflection of the increased percentage of B lymphocytes in this disorder. These studies illustrate that the technique can be used to measure the dehydroascorbic acid content from sources where only scanty material is available or low levels are found.     

Separation procedure and sugar composition of oligosaccharides in the surface glycoprotein of friend murine leukemia virus

The sugar composition of the surface glycoprotein from Friend murine leukemia virus was determined by gas-liquid chromatography of the alditol acetates and by the thiobarbituric acid method, respectively. N-Acetylglucosamine, mannose, galactose, sialic acid and fucose were found in a molar ratio around 15.2:11.6:7.4:3.3:1.0. Ten ogligosaccharide fractions were obtained from glycoprotein preparations by a suitable sequence of degradation (with pronase, endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, neuraminidase, and by hydrazinolysis) and separation procedures (concanavalin A-affinity chromatography and gel filtration). The qualitative sugar composition of these fractions was analyzed by in vivo labelling with D-[6-³H]glucosamine, D-[2-³H]mannose, D-[6-³H]galactose, or L-[6-³H]fucose, and their molecular weights were estimated from the gel elution volumina. Four fractions of N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides of the oligomannosidic (‘high mannose’) type oligomannosidic₇-oligomannosidic₁₀, about seven to ten sugar residues), two of the mixed (M₁₁ and M₁₂), and four of the N-acethyllactosaminic (‘complex’) type (N-acetyllactosaminic₉, probably nine sugar residues; (N-acetyllactosaminic_a-N-acetyllactosaminic_c, size unknown) were thus identified.