Effect of slow-release urea on soil nematode community structure in a Chinese soybean field

The effect of slow-release urea on soil nematode community structure was investigated in a soybean field in northeast China. Three treatments, no urea (CK), conventional urea (U) and slow-release urea (SRU), were arranged in a completely random design. The results show that the abundance of total nematodes was significantly higher in SRU than in CK and U. Significant differences in the abundance of bacterivores with colonizer-persister (cp) values 2–3, fungivores with cp 2 and herbivores with cp 3 were found among different treatments. Forty-one genera were identified, of which Acrobeloides, Aphelenchus and Heterodera were dominant. Soil nematode guilds and genera exhibited different responses to slow-release urea. The most trophic groups and genera had greater abundances in SRU than in CK and U. Slow-release urea had a positive effect on soil nematode community structure.     

Effects of slow-release urea fertilizers on urease activity,microbial biomass, and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil

A field experiment was carried out at the Shenyang Experimental Station of Ecology (CAS) in order to study the effects of slow-release urea fertilizers high polymer-coated urea (SRU1), SRU1 mixed with dicyandiamide DCD (SRU2), and SRU1 mixed with calcium carbide CaC2 (SRU3) on urease activity, microbial biomass C and N, and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil during the maize growth period. The results demonstrated that the application of slow-release urea fertilizers inhibits soil urease activity and increases the soil NH4+-N content. Soil available N increment could promote its immobilization by microorganisms. Determination of soil microbial biomass N indicated that a combined application of coated urea and nitrification inhibitors increased the soil active N pool. The population of predators/omnivores indicated that treatment with SRU2 could provide enough soil NH4+-N to promote maize growth and increased the food resource for the soil fauna compared with the other treatments.     

Effects of slow-release urea fertilizers on urease activity,microbial biomass, and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil

A field experiment was carried out at the Shenyang Experimental Station of Ecology (CAS) in order to study the effects of slow-release urea fertilizers high polymer-coated urea (SRU1), SRU1 mixed with dicyandiamide DCD (SRU2), and SRU1 mixed with calcium carbide CaC2 (SRU3) on urease activity, microbial biomass C and N, and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil during the maize growth period. The results demonstrated that the application of slow-release urea fertilizers inhibits soil urease activity and increases the soil NH4+-N content.Soil available N increment could promote its immobilization by microorganisms. Determination of soil microbial biomass N indicated that a combined application of coated urea and nitrification inhibitors increased the soil active N pool. The population of predators/omnivores indicated that treatment with SRU2 could provide enough soil NH4+-N to promote maize growth and increased the food resource for the soil fauna compared with the other treatments.     

Effects of slow-release urea fertilizers on urease activity,microbial biomass,and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil

A field experiment was carried out at the Shenyang Experimental Station of Ecology (CAS) in order to study the effects of slow-release urea fertilizers high polymer-coated urea (SRU1), SRU1 mixed with dicyandiamide DCD (SRU2), and SRU1 mixed with calcium carbide CaC₂ (SRU3) on urease activity, microbial biomass C and N, and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil during the maize growth period. The results demonstrated that the application of slow-release urea fertilizers inhibits soil urease activity and increases the soil NH₄ ⁺-N content. Soil available N increment could promote its immobilization by microorganisms. Determination of soil microbial biomass N indicated that a combined application of coated urea and nitrification inhibitors increased the soil active N pool. The population of predators/omnivores indicated that treatment with SRU2 could provide enough soil NH₄ ⁺-N to promote maize growth and increased the food resource for the soil fauna compared with the other treatments.     

Effects of slow-release urea fertilizers on urease activity,microbial biomass,and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil

A field experiment was carried out at the Shenyang Experimental Station of Ecology (CAS) in order to study the effects of slow-release urea fertilizers high polymer-coated urea (SRU1), SRU1 mixed with dicyandiamide DCD (SRU2), and SRU1 mixed with calcium carbide CaC₂ (SRU3) on urease activity, microbial biomass C and N, and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil during the maize growth period. The results demonstrated that the application of slow-release urea fertilizers inhibits soil urease activity and increases the soil NH₄ ⁺-N content. Soil available N increment could promote its immobilization by microorganisms. Determination of soil microbial biomass N indicated that a combined application of coated urea and nitrification inhibitors increased the soil active N pool. The population of predators/omnivores indicated that treatment with SRU2 could provide enough soil NH₄ ⁺-N to promote maize growth and increased the food resource for the soil fauna compared with the other treatments.

     

高通量测序分析冻融期碳源输入方式对土壤线虫群落的影响

植物碳源输入途径变化对土壤生物群落的影响研究是目前学术界关注的热点问题。为探究温带森林生态系统碳源输入方式对土壤线虫群落的影响,通过Illumina MiSeq技术分析了不同碳源输入方式下土壤线虫群落组成和多样性的变化。研究结果显示:所有处理(凋落物和根系同时输入;仅根系输入;仅凋落物输入;无碳源输入)中共发现土壤线虫68属,其中食细菌线虫的相对丰度最大;各碳源输入方式中仅凋落物输入处理对线虫群落组成的影响最为明显,表现为:与凋落物和根系同时输入处理相比,仅凋落物输入处理中食细菌线虫的相对丰度明显增加,食真菌线虫的相对丰度显著降低以及捕食杂食线虫的相对丰度显著增加。从线虫群落的多样性指数角度看,无碳源输入处理中土壤线虫群落的多样性指数(H'')下降,优势度指数(Dom)增高;仅凋落物输入处理中均匀度指数(J)最高。从线虫群落的生态指数角度看,仅凋落物输入处理的线虫群落成熟度指数(MI)最高;各碳源输入处理的分解过程均以细菌分解通道为主。研究表明,土壤线虫群落受到碳源输入变化的调节,仅凋落物输入处理比仅根系输入处理对土壤线虫群落的影响更大。无碳源输入处理的物种多样性明显下降,仅凋落物输入处理的土壤食物网更加稳定。研究结果丰富了森林土壤线虫多样性的研究内容,并为高通量测序技术在土壤线虫方面的研究提供方法和数据的支持。     

Response of soil nematode community structure and diversity to long-term land use in the black soil region in China

Soil nematodes are sensitive to environmental changes and are used widely as indicators of soil conditions. The community structure and diversity of soil nematodes were studied in different long-term land use regimes in the black soil area in Northeast China. The land use regimes were maintained for 22?years, and included crop land (CL), grass land (GL) and bare land (BL). Soil samples were taken throughout the growing season, and nematodes were extracted and identified. A total of 39 nematode genera with relative abundance over 0.1?% were identified. Heterodera was the dominant genus in CL; Boleodorus was the dominant genus in GL, and Boleodorus, Eucephalobus and Filenchus were the dominant genera in BL. Land use had a significant effect on abundance of all soil nematode tropic groups and ecological indices. Sampling time had an effect on soil nematode abundance, but only on three of the eight nematode ecological indices MI (maturity index of free-living nematode), CI (channel index) and EI (enrichment index). SR (species richness index) was highest in GL where plant species diversity was also high. The CI was the highest in BL among three land uses, which means the soil food web dominated, with fungal decomposition channels in BL. Soil nematode community structure and diversity was shown to be an effective and informative tool for analyzing ecological aspects of land use in black soil regions. The data are inconclusive as to whether the effect of land use on soil nematode parameters is direct, or indirect via inducing changes in soil physicochemical properties.     

宁夏枸杞根际土壤线虫群落特征

宁夏枸杞具有很高的药用价值和营养价值,在宁夏大面积种植,带来了巨大的经济效益.研究不同条件下宁夏枸杞根际土壤线虫群落特征,对防止枸杞园土壤退化具有重要意义.以宁夏枸杞之乡——中宁为研究区,系统分析了季节、树龄和土层对枸杞根际土壤线虫数量和生态指数的影响.结果表明: 夏季宁夏枸杞根际土壤线虫数量最多,小杆属和拟丽突属为优势属;春季线虫数量最少,小杆属、针属和盘旋属为优势属;从春季到秋季,线虫稀有属种类和个体密度逐渐减少.随着树龄的增加,夏季根际土壤线虫总数逐渐减少;春季和秋季枸杞根际线虫总数先增加后减少,其中9年树龄根际土壤线虫总数最多.各树龄根际均为食细菌线虫所占比例最大,食真菌线虫和捕食-杂食类线虫比例很小,树龄<3年和>9年时植物寄生线虫比例相对较大.夏季枸杞根际20～40 cm比0～20 cm土壤线虫数量增加49.4%.随着树龄的增加,枸杞根际土壤线虫多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数均呈减小-增大-减小的趋势,而优势度指数先减小后增大.土壤pH值与土壤线虫优势度指数呈显著正相关;土壤有机质和速效磷与植物寄生线虫分别呈显著正相关和负相关;土壤碱解氮与线虫总数呈显著正相关;速效钾与线虫多个生态指数均呈显著负相关.整体上,随着树龄的增加,春季和秋季土壤线虫数量先增加后减少,夏季土壤线虫数量呈逐渐减少的趋势;线虫多样性下降,土壤逐渐退化.此外,在幼林和树龄>9年后需要抑制土壤植物寄生线虫的繁殖,以减少后期因线虫引起的病害.     

麦田土壤真菌多样性对麦玉轮作长期秸秆还田和配施有机肥的响应

【背景】土壤真菌主导田间秸秆腐解的过程,秸秆还田配施有机肥可为真菌提供良好的营养物质。【目的】研究麦玉轮作模式下长期秸秆还田配施有机肥对麦田土壤真菌多样性的影响。【方法】依托山西南部麦玉轮作区长达14年的秸秆还田和施有机肥长期定位试验,采用高通量测序开展土壤真菌群落结构和多样性对不施肥+秸秆清茬(CK)、氮磷化肥+秸秆清茬(NP)、氮磷化肥+秸秆还田(SNP)、氮磷化肥+有机肥+秸秆清茬(NPM)及氮磷化肥+秸秆还田+有机肥(SNPM)的响应差异研究。【结果】秸秆还田和施有机肥处理组的物种丰富度指数、Chao1指数和ACE指数均高于CK。5个处理共产生953个分类操作单元(operational taxonomic units, OTU),CK、NP、NPM、SNP和SNPM分别具有398、451、472、462和440个OTU。在门水平上共检测出9个菌门,其中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、毛霉门(Mucoromycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为3个主要菌门,各处理中所占丰度差异显著;在属水平上共检测出262个真菌属,其中CK丰度较高的3个属为柄孢壳菌属(Podospora) 18.85%、被孢霉属(Mortierella) 16.67%和镰刀菌属(Fusarium) 7.77%;NP、NPM、SNP和SNPM丰度较高的前3个相同属均为Dendrostilbella、毛葡孢属(Botryotrichum)和被孢霉属(Mortierella),但相对丰度值存在差异。由聚类分析可知,NPM和SNPM群落组成相似度高,归为一类,而CK、NP、SNP各独立为一类。与环境因子间冗余分析发现,TN含量是影响土壤真菌群落结构的关键因子,也受速效磷、pH、速效钾、碱解氮和全磷等环境指标影响。【结论】长期秸秆还田和施有机肥改变了小麦土壤真菌种群结构和多样性。     

不同施肥模式对雷竹林土壤真菌群落特征的影响

为探明施肥处理对雷竹林土壤真菌群落特征的影响,采用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)和荧光定量PCR技术,分析有机肥(M)、化肥(CF)、化肥配施有机肥(CFM)、化肥配施有机肥加覆盖(CFMM)及不施肥(CK)处理土壤真菌群落结构和数量特征.结果表明:施肥显著影响真菌群落结构与多样性,表层(0～20 cm)土壤中M、CFMM处理与CK,亚表层(20～40 cm)土壤中CF、CFMM处理与CK之间真菌群落结构均存在明显差异;且表层土壤中CF、CFMM处理真菌Shannon指数和均匀度指数显著低于CK.M、CFM处理表层土壤真菌数量显著高于CK.土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮和速效钾含量显著影响了真菌群落结构的变异;全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量与真菌数量均呈显著正相关.表明雷竹林表层和亚表层土壤中真菌群落对施肥处理的响应存在明显差异,表层土壤真菌群落明显受有机质添加的影响,而亚表层则对化肥投入较为敏感;施肥对真菌群落多样性的影响主要集中在表层土壤.     

Influence of different fertilizer types of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) on the structure of nematode communities

Increasing efficiency of production of vegetable crops is directly related to search for appropriate solution to increase their productivity. Organic amendments have been used for centuries to improve soil fertility and crop yield. Our study suggests that organic amendments can also be used as nematicidal agents. The survey was conducted on Experimental field of Department Horticulture at Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria in 2009 on nematode infested sites. Combination with two types of fertilizers was used to investigate their effects on the community of soil nematodes. Characterization and comparative analysis among treatments of soil nematode community structure based on different ecological measures such as total nematode abundance, number of genera, trophic diversity and etc., was made. Changes in the composition and structure of nematode community as result of different fertilizer types were assessed.     

紫色土线虫对长期不同施肥措施的响应

土壤线虫在农田生态系统中数量丰富且对土壤环境变化敏感, 可用于评估不同田间管理条件下的土壤健康。本文探究了紫色土区长期不同施肥措施及土壤团聚体粒径对线虫群落的分布及其生态功能多样性的影响。试验设置了5个施肥处理: 不施肥(对照, CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、生物炭 + 化肥(BCNPK)、商品猪粪 + 化肥(OMNPK)和秸秆 + 化肥(RSDNPK)。团聚体粒径分为: 原状土(BS)、大团聚体(> 2 mm; LA)和小团聚体(0.25-2 mm; SA)。结果表明, 与对照相比, 施肥可促进线虫数量增长, 其中单施化肥处理下增幅最小(66%); 有机物料与化肥配施对线虫数量的提升更为显著, 秸秆 + 化肥处理下增幅达206%。不同施肥处理间线虫类群相对丰度差异显著, 大小均表现为: 食细菌线虫(BA) > 杂食/捕食线虫(OP) > 植食线虫(PP) > 食真菌线虫(FU)。小团聚体较其他土壤团聚体的杂食/捕食线虫丰度更低, 食细菌线虫丰度较高。秸秆与化肥配施处理下线虫群落结构指数和富集指数显著增加, 且各施肥处理下线虫功能足迹呈现明显差异。有机肥与化肥配施(尤其是秸秆 + 化肥)可提高土壤养分供应且有利于形成稳定健康的土壤生态系统, 助推区域农业的可持续发展。     

江苏省不同种植年限的西/甜瓜农田土壤线虫群落特征

在江苏省主要西/甜瓜产区,采集不同种植年限的西/甜瓜农田土壤,采用线虫形态学的鉴定方法,分析了不同种植年限西/甜瓜农田土壤线虫的数量、群落结构及相关生态指数的变化。结果表明:所有调查样点中,共发现土壤线虫54属,平均682条·100 g^-1干土,其中原杆属线虫、拟丽突属线虫和矮化属线虫在不同种植年限的西/甜瓜农田土壤中均为优势属;随着种植年限的增加,土壤线虫的总数量虽无显著变化,但其中食细菌类线虫和杂食-捕食类线虫数量显著减少,而植物寄生类线虫数量显著增加;植物寄生类线虫中的矮化属、根结属线虫数量不断增加;随着种植年限的增加,土壤线虫的多样性指数(H)、瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)、自由生活线虫成熟度指数(MI)显著降低,线虫通道指数(NCR)、植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(PPI)、PPI/MI显著升高,其他指数无显著变化;相关性分析结果显示,土壤线虫数量与土壤pH、速效磷、有效锌和有效硼均呈显著正相关;土壤p H、有机质、全氮、速效钾、有效硼和有效锌对土壤优势属线虫的影响较大;连续种植西/甜瓜会增加土壤植物寄生类线虫数量,进而可能造成西/甜瓜连作障碍的发生;连续种植6~10年,土壤线虫的多样性最低、稳定性最差,土壤环境已趋于恶化。     

不同有机肥源及其与化肥配施对稻田

比较了不同施肥方式对江苏金坛(31°39′41.8″ N, 119°28′23.5″ E)稻麦轮作体系下稻季土壤线虫群落结构的影响.试验共设CK(不施肥)、F(100%化肥)、PF(猪粪堆肥配施50%化肥)、SF(秸秆全量还田配施100%化肥)、PSF(猪粪堆肥和秸秆全量还田配施50%化肥)和PMF(猪粪商品有机无机复合肥)6个处理,在秋季水稻收获后进行采样.连续两年的试验结果表明: 线虫种群在不同处理和年份间存在变化.配施有机肥能够增加线虫总数,降低食细菌线虫的丰度,显著提高杂食/捕食性线虫的丰度;各处理食真菌线虫的丰度无显著差异;单施化肥和猪粪商品有机无机复合肥对植食性线虫的抑制作用不明显.第二年配施有机肥的食细菌线虫丰度较第一年相对提高,植食性线虫(潜根属Hirschmanniella)丰度相对降低.从土壤线虫生态学指数来看,配施有机肥处理第二年的土壤线虫多样性均显著提高,丰富度指数有上升的趋势,而线虫通路比值几乎没有变化.第二年瓦斯乐斯卡指数较第一年相对提高,而植食性线虫成熟指数相对降低.施用有机肥能够提高土壤食微线虫的丰度,使土壤环境趋于健康.     

宁南山区不同植被恢复方式下土壤线虫群落特征:形态学鉴定与高通量测序法比较

线虫是土壤食物网的重要组分, 也是土壤健康与生态系统恢复的重要指示生物, 因此准确测定线虫群落特征是发挥其生态指示作用的基础。传统线虫学研究多采用形态学鉴定方法, 但高通量测序技术近年来也逐渐受到重视。然而, 关于这两种方法的对比研究目前仍比较缺乏。本研究同时采用形态学鉴定和高通量测序法, 在黄土高原宁夏南部山区, 对不同植被恢复方式下(农田、自然恢复草地、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)人工林地和苜蓿人工草地)土壤线虫的数量、群落格局和生态指数进行了测定和比较。结果表明: (1)高通量测序仅能提供线虫类群的相对多度, 而形态学鉴定法能够测定土壤线虫的绝对多度, 后者测定结果表明3种植被恢复样地, 特别是自然恢复草地和柠条人工林地, 较农田具有更高的土壤线虫多度; (2)高通量测序法检获的线虫类群数(3纲4目26科42属)高于形态学鉴定法的测定结果(2纲3目18科27属), 但两种方法仅检获15个共有线虫属, 前者检测到的植物寄生线虫属数(22属)较后者(7属)显著增加, 而食细菌线虫和杂食-捕食线虫则相反; (3)在两种方法下, 相比农田, 3种植被恢复样地尤其是自然恢复草地和柠条人工林地, 其食微线虫的相对多度均显著下降, 而植物寄生线虫和杂食-捕食线虫的相对多度大幅上升, 这也导致线虫成熟度指数(MI)和植物寄生线虫指数(PPI)的提高及瓦斯乐卡指数(WI)的显著下降; (4)相比形态学鉴定法, 高通量测序法能检测到更丰富多样的植物寄生线虫, 在该方法下土壤线虫群落的组成、结构和生态指数在植被恢复样地与农田之间的差异也更为显著。综上所述, 采用形态学鉴定和高通量测序法测定的不同植被恢复方式下的线虫群落特征具有显著差异。     

Response of soil nematode communities to long-term application of inorganic fertilizers in the black soil of Northeast China

The effects of inorganic fertilizers on soil nematode communities were studied in a long-term fertilization experimental field in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China, where no fertilizer (CK), N fertilizer (N), combined application of N and P (NP), combined application of N and K (NK), and combined application of N, P and K (NPK) were compared. The results showed that the total nematode abundance was not affected significantly by inorganic fertilizers in the long-term field experiment. The numbers of bacterivores increased significantly in the NP treatment compared to the CK treatment, and those of fungivores and plant-parasites were inhibited in the NPK treatment. The similarity between CK and NPK treatment and the nematode diversity were higher than in other treatments. The stability of the soil ecosystem was disturbed by the inorganic fertilizers, as indicated by the change in MI values under different treatments. The response of soil nematodes mainly depended on the types of inorganic fertilizers applied.     

Response of soil nematode communities to long-term application of inorganic fertilizers in the black soil of Northeast China

The effects of inorganic fertilizers on soil nematode communities were studied in a long-term fertilization experimental field in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China,where no fertilizer (CK),N fertilizer (N),combined application of N and P (NP),combined application of N and K (NK),and combined application of N,P and K (NPK) were compared.The results showed that the total nematode abundance was not affected significantly by inorganic fertilizers in the long-term field experiment.The numbers of bacterivores increased significantly in the NP treatment compared to the CK treatment,and those of fungivores and plant-parasites were inhibited in the NPK treatment.The similarity between CK and NPK treatment and the nematode diversity were higher than in other treatments.The stability of the soil ecosystem was disturbed by the inorganic fertilizers,as indicated by the change in MI values under different treatments.The response of soil nematodes mainly depended on the types of inorganic fertilizers applied.     

陇中黄土高原半干旱区不同种植年限紫花苜蓿土壤线虫群落分布特征

为明确长期种植紫花苜蓿对土壤线虫群落演变的影响,以不同种植年限紫花苜蓿为研究对象(2 a、9 a、18 a),并以农田为对照,采用 Illumina MiSeq测序技术研究了陇中黄土高原半干旱区紫花苜蓿土壤线虫群落结构及其多样性,探讨影响其群落变化的主控因子。结果表明: 所获土壤样品线虫种群隶属于2纲7目16科21属,其中,色矛纲为黄绵土优势线虫类群(44.6%～81.4%),相对丰度随苜蓿种植年限延长而降低。针线属、螺旋属、剑线属、Pristionchus、茎属、盆咽属、长针属、艾普鲁斯属、Isolaimium和野外垫刃属为苜蓿地特有线虫,其中,针线属(54.1%)、螺旋属(23.9%)、剑线属(21.9%)分别为2 a、9 a、18 a苜蓿地优势线虫属。紫花苜蓿土壤均以植物寄生线虫为优势类群(31.8%～67.1%),其相对丰度随苜蓿年限延长先降后升。冗余分析显示,土壤速效磷和全氮含量是影响紫花苜蓿土壤线虫群落结构的主导环境因子。     

甲基溴土壤消毒替代技术条件下的线虫生态学研究

为评价和筛选几种甲基溴替代技术及其对土壤线虫群落的影响 ,2 0 0 1年 6月～ 2 0 0 2年 3月对 5种土壤消毒处理的线虫数量和群落结构及微生物量动态作了测定和分析。试验共分离到土壤线虫 4个目 14个科属 ,包括小杆目 (Rhabditida)、垫刃目(Tylenchida)、矛线目 (Dorylaimida)、单宫目 (Monhysterida)。小杆目线虫占总数的 88.7% ,表明食细菌的小杆目线虫是该温室土壤线虫群落的优势类群。分析表明甲基溴 VIF、威百亩、威百亩 VIF三种措施的消毒效果达到了甲基溴处理的水平 ,可作为甲基溴土壤消毒替代技术 ,而太阳能 BCA处理未达到甲基溴消毒的效果。研究显示同一处理的线虫数量在两个番茄品种(AF179和毛粉 80 2 )间不存在显著差异 ,即表明这两种番茄品种不是影响土壤线虫数量动态的主要因素。对消毒处理后土壤线虫各营养类群在群落中的比例进行分析 ,发现与对照相比 ,化学消毒提高了线虫群落中优势类群 (即食细菌线虫 )的比例 ,而使弱势类群的比例下降 ,这表明土壤线虫的弱势类群对化学熏蒸剂更加敏感。两番茄品种小区中土壤食细菌、食真菌线虫数量与微生物量碳之间呈显著正相关关系 ,表明微生物生物量的消长受土壤消毒措施的影响 ,同时也证实了上述两营养类群线虫与土壤微生物间的食物依赖关系。     

典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落的纬度分布格局及其驱动机制

东北黑土区是保障我国粮食安全的重要土壤资源, 了解该区域内农田土壤线虫的群落组成及其对环境驱动因子的响应机制, 对于研究黑土区农田土壤生态系统的生物多样性分布格局具有重要意义。2018年9月, 我们在42°50°‒49°08° N的典型黑土区采集了93个农田土壤样品, 利用形态学鉴定技术分析了土壤线虫群落的组成与结构。共鉴定出47个线虫属(相对丰度 > 1%), 其中食细菌线虫中的拟丽突属(Acrobeloides)是典型黑土区农田土壤中的优势属(相对丰度 > 5%)。土壤线虫总丰富度和总多度均随纬度增加而显著增加, 然而类似的变化趋势只出现在食细菌和杂食/捕食线虫中。土壤有机碳是影响土壤线虫丰富度和多度最为重要的环境因子, 其次是月平均温度。典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落结构以47° N为分界线分为南部和北部两类, 主要归因于线虫群落中植物寄生和杂食/捕食线虫的相对多度在南、北特征属中存在差异。土壤pH值和容重分别是影响南部与北部黑土区线虫群落最重要的环境因子。本研究明确了典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落的纬度分布格局及其与环境因素的关系, 可为揭示农业活动干扰下土壤生物对环境因子的响应机制提供基础数据和理论参考。