除草剂丁草胺对蟾蜍红细胞微核及核异常的影响

本文研究除卓剂丁革胺对蟾蜍红细胞核的诱变效应。采用体内红细胞微核测定法,观察蟾蜍在不同浓度和不同的染毒时间红细胞微核及核异常的变化。结果表明,在一定的范围内,丁草胺可引起蟾蜍微核细胞率和核异常细胞率等遗传指标发乍明显变化,随着丁草胺浓度的增加和作用时间的延长,蟾蜍红细胞微核和核异常率呈现先上升后下降的规律性变化。丁草胺的作用具有双向性。一定利量的除草剂丁草胺对蟾蜍红细胞具有明显的遗传毒性,除草剂对水体的污染不容忽视。     

双酚A胁迫对泥鳅外周血红细胞微核及核异常的影响

采用单因子毒性试验法与微核测定法,研究4种不同浓度双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)(1.90mg·L-1、2.30mg·L-1、2.70mg·L-1和3.00mg·L-1)在不同暴露时间(3d,6d,9d和12d)对泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicadatus外周血红细胞微核与核异常的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,双酚A处理组出现了较多微核及双核、无核、核质外突与内凹、核位异常、核内空泡化、核固缩、核染色质凝聚成小颗粒状、无丝分裂、核不均等缢缩等核异常现象;较低浓度(1.90mg·L-1、2.30mg·L-1)处理组的微核率和核异常率随双酚A暴露浓度的增加和时间的延长而逐渐上升,较高浓度(2.70mg·L-1、3.00mg·L-1)处理组的微核率和核异常率随双酚A暴露浓度的增加和时间的延长呈先上升后下降的趋势。上述结果说明,双酚A对泥鳅具有潜在的遗传毒性,且毒性效应在一定的条件下随暴露浓度的增加和时间的延长而增强,达到一定浓度和时间后毒性效应被抑制。     

UVA对花背蟾蜍微核及核异常的诱导

为了研究紫外线A对花背蟾蜍的毒性作用,选择微核及核异常为毒理监测指标,对花背蟾蜍红细胞进行观察.结果表明,紫外线A对花背蟾蜍成熟红细胞和非成熟红细胞核异常均有诱导作用并随照射强度的增加而不断增加.在150 min的紫外线A短时间照射内,紫外线对核异常能够产生一定的抑制作用.同时在一定范围内紫外线A能够刺激造血器官释放新的红细胞至外周血中以补充损伤的成熟红细胞.紫外线诱导的核异形主要是核畸形和核膨大.     

巯基乙酸对中华蟾蜍红细胞核异常的影响

试验以健康的中华蟾蜍为实验动物,研究注射巯基乙酸对红细胞核异常的影响.试验结果表明,在一定的范围内,巯基乙酸可引起蟾蜍微核细胞率和核异常细胞率遗传指标发生明显变化,随着巯基乙酸浓度的增加和作用时间的延长,蟾蜍红细胞微核和核异常率呈现先上升后下降的规律性变化.     

花背蟾蜍与环境监测

目的分析花背蟾蜍(Bufo Raddei)的分布、生活习性和繁殖行为,并对其进行环境污染物的检测研究进行总结。方法对花背蟾蜍的相关研究文章进行收集,并结合实地调查和观察的数据进行统计分析。结果花背蟾蜍及其蝌蚪在外周血红细胞微核及核异常、血清和肝脏抗氧化酶及脂质过氧化产物MDA、精子结构和活性、蝌蚪生长发育和肾脏结构等方面均表现出对环境污染物的极敏感性。结论花背蟾蜍可作为我国北方环境检测的首选两栖类物种。     

四种除草剂对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核及核异常的影响

研究了除草剂精克草星、苯磺隆、使它隆和乙草胺单独及联合作用时对中华大蟾蝌蚪红细胞微核及核异常的影响。结果表明,处理２４小时时,单独作用的除草剂均可不同程度地引起微核率及核异常细胞率等遗传指标的上升。而且,在一定的浓度下各指标分别有高峰期,其中微核率与对照组差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）或显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。微核率与除草剂浓度之间无显著相关,不表现出剂量－效应关系。四种除草剂联合作用的微核率等指标反而     

氨氮胁迫对黄河鲤幼鱼红细胞微核、核异常的影响

以黄河鲤幼鱼为实验动物,研究氨氮暴露对鲤鱼红细胞微核、核异常的影响.结果表明:氨氮可引起鲤鱼红细胞微核及核异常率发生明显变化,随着氨氮暴露浓度的增加,鲤鱼红细胞微核及核异常率呈现规律性上升变化,且方差分析差异显著(P<0.01);随着氨氮暴露时间的延长,红细胞微核率呈现上升趋势,核异常及总核异常率呈现先升再降趋势,方差分析差异不显著(P>0.05).因此在试验浓度范围内氨氮对鲤鱼红细胞具有明显的遗传毒性,高密度养殖条件下氨氮的毒性不容忽视.     

污水诱导大蒜细胞微核及异常有丝分裂的研究

研究污染的河水对大蒜根尖细胞微核的诱导及细胞分裂的效应。结果表明,较重污染（PI=7.63）的河水对大蒜根尖染毒24 h以上,致使其有丝分裂指数下降明显（p<0.05）,诱发间期细胞微核显著（p<0.01）,导致有丝分裂异常和前微核的产生。     

杀虫剂硫丹对中国虎纹蛙的毒性效应： 存活率、红细胞核异常及酶活性

农药的使用对水生动物有直接和间接的影响。本文研究了有机氯杀虫剂硫丹对中国虎纹蛙（Hoplobatrachus chinensis）蝌蚪的毒性效应。具体而言,首先检测了硫丹的安全浓度（SC）,并在急性毒性实验中评估了硫丹的毒性等级。然后检测了外周血液中红细胞核形态异常,并在慢性毒性实验中测定了酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的活性。结果表明,在急性毒性中,随着硫丹溶液浓度的增加和染毒时间的延长,蝌蚪的平均死亡率显著增加,即蝌蚪存活率取决于农药剂量和染毒的时长。硫丹对中国虎纹蛙蝌蚪的96 h半致死浓度LC50值为23.38 μg/L,安全浓度为2.34 μg/L,为剧毒性农药。在血液红细胞核异常实验中,观察到5种不同类型的细胞核异常：核碎裂、双核、不等分裂、核凹陷和核空洞。血液红细胞核异常率与农药浓度呈正相关。在酶活性检测中,三种酶的活性均受硫丹浓度的影响。与对照组相比,酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性随硫丹浓度的增加而降低,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性随着硫丹浓度的增加呈先升高后降低。研究结果表明,硫丹对中国虎纹蛙蝌蚪具有很高的毒性,并证明了血液红细胞核异常和特定的代谢酶可以作为环境监测的生物标志物。     

变态期花背蟾蜍蝌蚪对植物血凝素的反应模式及其生态学意义

以戈斯纳(Gosner 1960)分期表为标准,以花背蟾蜍(Pseudepidalea raddei)蝌蚪为研究对象,在46期蝌蚪小腿部位注射20μL不同浓度(1、2.5和5 mg·mL~(-1))的植物血凝素(phytohemagglutinin-P,PHA-P)溶液,对侧同部位注射等量的生理盐水溶液,测定了注射前(0 h)及注射后3、6、9和12 h被注射部位组织厚度的变化情况,确定了蝌蚪对PHA-P反应的最适浓度;在最适浓度条件下,比较了37、42、44和46期蝌蚪对PHA-P的反应强度和持续时间。结果表明:46期蝌蚪对3种不同浓度的PHA-P溶液的反应无显著性差异,但反应峰值有先后,2.5 mg·mL~(-1)为最适注射浓度;42期蝌蚪在注射后3 h达反应峰值,而37、44和46期分别在注射后3~6、3~9及3~12 h出现反应峰值;37期蝌蚪对PHA-P的反应峰值高于46期,但与42和44期的蝌蚪无显著性差异;花背蟾蜍蝌蚪对PHA-P的反应模式随不同发育阶段而变化,42期为反应迅速、持续时间短的单峰值,其他水生阶段反应峰值有后延现象,且在登陆后反应峰值强度下降、持续时间延长,这可能与陆地多变的环境条件有关。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.