国外厌氧菌快速生化鉴定系统

本文介绍了四种具有代表性的厌氧菌快速生化鉴定系统,它们是采用药纸底物的 Minitek 系统,采用干粉底物的 API-20A 系统,采用原色物质的Rap~(ID)ANA 系统和完全自动化的 AMS 系统。并对这些方法作了一些评价和比较。     

四种厌氧菌生化性状检测方法的比较

使用国内的三种厌氧菌生化鉴定装置及购进的API20A 条,对标准参考菌株10 株,临床分离株109 株及从粪便分离株 14 株共计 133 株进行了测试比较,虽然这四种方法各有其优缺点,但结果这几种方法与国外的API20A 法相比,其符合率及重复率均无明显差异(P> 0.05),而国内的厌氧菌生化鉴定装置都具有快速,简便、准确的特点,无论是符合率还是重复率都在80% 或90% 以上,当然这四种方法还存在着一定问题待改进,所以我们希望上述国内有关装置在不断地改进中完善,使我们的厌氧菌检测水平更上一层楼。     

电子计算机在厌氧菌鉴定中的应用

本文介绍了鉴定厌氧菌的微量系统配以电子计算机诊断,提高了鉴定效果。经356株参考菌株和临床分离菌株的检测,87.6%的菌株可鉴定到种,97.4%菌株鉴定到属。种水平上诊断错误的占12.6%,属水平上诊断错误的仅占2.6%.没有菌株不能诊断。与国外已成商品的鉴定系统相比,无论是鉴定到种还是属,其水平都较高。     

厌氧菌的鉴定

划线分离纯化和测定耐氧性之后,就可继续进行鉴定。某些被当作厌氧菌的细菌,或者甚至是耐氧的并能在空气中微弱生长的细菌,都能在10％CO_2的条件下生长(微好氧菌),特别是在开始厌氧分离和传代培养以后。常把内氏放线菌(Ac-tinomyces naeslundii)、丙酸蛛网菌     

微量板细胞病变法滴定水痘疫苗的研究

建立了用微量板细胞病变法滴定水痘疫苗的实验方法。将适宜稀释度的病毒与2BS细胞混种于96孔板培养,种毒后第7天观察孔内细胞病变情况,以karber法计算疫苗滴度,并与蚀斑法进行比较。实验表明,微量板细胞病变法滴定水痘疫苗,结果稳定性好,精密度高,较现行的蚀斑法操作简便、误差小,能够较好的反映出水痘的真实滴度,可作为一种较为简便的滴定水痘疫苗的方法。     

ZS—1型半自动生化分析仪的研制

为了普遍推广临床诊断酶学检测方法,大力提高广大医院临床生化检验的灵敏度、准确度和工作效率,我们在研制成 BC-1型半自动生化分析仪的基础上,又研制了 ZS-1型半自动生化分析仪。后者在微量流动吸收池、吸样泵、微机软件、光学部件、仪器外形结构和工艺等方面都有改进,更符合实际使用需要。由于改进了焊接与抛光技术,提高了微量流动吸收池内表面的光洁度,大大减少了高低值样品间的交叉污染;由于改进了光栅单色器的消除杂散光及二级光谱的装置,降低了仪器的杂散光,使酶动力学法常用的340nm 波长的杂散光减少到1/10,提高了仪器的测量精度,扩大了线性     

抗厌氧菌中草药的系列研究：Ⅰ,抗厌氧菌中草药的筛选

目前治疗厌氧菌感染的药物不够理想,仍需发掘新药。根据文献选出抗感染中草药389种,用水、乙醇和石油醚三种溶剂,分别提取和制备成含生药1g/ml的药液,对临床常见的脆弱类杆菌等12种厌氧菌进行平板打孔法的抑菌试验。结果显示诃子、茴香根、穿心莲、黄连、肉桂、大黄、五味子、木通等53种中草药的1～3种提取液能对二种以上的厌氧菌有直径20mm以上的抑菌环。反复试验显示肉佳、大黄、五味子、木通能稳定地对4种以上的厌氧菌有20mm以上的抑菌环。作者认为平板打孔法是筛选中草药抗菌作用的简便方法,并准备对选出的中草药作进一步研究。     

子宫颈炎的厌氧菌培养结果分析

报告５３例子宫颈炎症患者厌氧菌和需氧菌培养,结果全部阳性,阳性率１００％,其中厌氧菌和需氧菌阳性率分别为２８．３％和１５．１％,混合阳性率５６．６％。分离出厌氧菌８５株,需氧菌５９株。前者以消化链球菌多见,占３２．９％,次为类杆菌（２８．２％）;后者以葡萄球菌具多,占２３．７％,次为链球菌和大肠埃希氏菌（１８．６％和１６．９％）。并对细菌种类和药敏试验进行了讨论。     

中药抗厌氧菌的系列研究：Ⅲ.大黄抗厌氧菌的实验研究

本研究进一步用大黄水煎液,大黄醇提物和大黄蒽醌衍生物(芦荟大黄素、大黄酸和大黄素),对临床分离的100株厌氧菌进行MIC测定,并对部分菌株进行MBC测定和亚抑菌浓度(Sub-MIC)下细菌形态观察。结果表明,大黄水煎液在1600μg/ml浓度时能抑制74％厌氧菌生长,大黄醇提物的MIC约为水煎液的1/15。三种蒽醌衍生物在8μg/ml时能抑制76～91％厌氧菌生长,这与国际公认的抗厌氧菌药甲硝唑相近。对部分菌株的MBC测定表明,大黄的MBC要大于MIC几倍以上,说明大黄抗厌氧菌主要是抑菌不是杀菌。从Sub-MIC下厌氧菌形态改变提示,大黄主要是抑制细胞壁的合成。     

厌氧菌的鉴定（续）

四最后鉴定有条件进行全面鉴定的实验室不应该把他们的鉴定程序限制在初步定群实验和生化实验等方面。所有分离物的最后鉴定应在专门研究中心和大型医疗中心进行,以获得在特定感染类型中专一性厌氧微生物的重要性的知识。对每一类群都适合添     

USING CONVENTIONAL MICROTITER PLATE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE AUTOMATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTING OF DRINKING WATER

With the arrival of automated systems for microtiter (MT) plate assays, classical most probable number (MPN) techniques lend themselves to an efficient way to perform quantitative microbiological tests. In contrast to existing automated systems for quantitative determination of microorganisms there is no need for dedicated instruments. Standardized MT equipment available in modern biochemical laboratories, namely a pipetting robot using sterile pipetting tips and a MT reader under computer control are the only prerequisites. The distribution of the media and the samples with optional dilutions, the measurement of growth as well as the statistical calculations of the MPN value are performed automatically. A system was validated for the analysis of the aerobic mesophilic count (AC) of drinking water. The system can cope with low or high bacterial load from 0 to 2 × 10⁴ colonies per mL. The system which takes out the tedium and personnel influence of routine microbiological work is prone to many other determinations like fecal indicator organisms in water as well as other microorganisms of interest in food microbiology.     

A COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN OXYRASE ANAEROBIC AGAR PLATES AND CONVENTIONAL ANAEROBIC CHAMBER FOR THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ANAEROBIC BACTERIA FROM CLINICAL INFECTIONS

Misplaced confidence in the broad-spectrum antibiotics, increased resistance among previously predictable anaerobic antibiograms, and the push to maximize productivity of available space and downsizing trends has created a need for a simplified cost-effective, and superior method for the isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria. In this study, the Oxyrase anaerobic plate system which requires no extraneous apparatus to create an anaerobic environment was compared to an anaerobic chamber in the isolation of anaerobic bacteria from 212 consecutive wound specimens. Brucella blood agar and KVL agar plates were used in this comparison study. RapID ANA II, AP120A, special potency disks, and GLC were used for identification. Of the 212 specimens cultured, 87 yielded anaerobic bacteria comprising 182 strains. Thirty-nine strains failed to grow in the anaerobic chamber but grew on the OxyPlates^(TM). These strains were predominantly Peptostreptococcus species (28%), Eubacterium species (20%), and Propionibacterium species (20%). Fourteen strains failed to grow on the OxyPlates, but grew in the anaerobic chamber. No trend was noted and all organisms in this category grew on the OxyPlates from other specimens. In conclusion, the Oxyrases anaerobic plate system appears to be an excellent alternative to the conventional anaerobic chamber in the isolation and identification of clinically significant anaerobes found in human samples, obviating the need for separate anaerobic-aerobic workstations, expensive anaerobic apparatus, and additional incubator space.     

一类生化反应数学模型的分析(续)

本文对生化反应中的一类数学模型进行大范围定性分析,得到极限环的不存在性和存在唯一性的条件。本文包含了文〔2〕的所有结果。     

Lemna paucicostata Hegelm. 6746: DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDIZED GROWTH CONDITIONS SUITABLE FOR BIOCHEMICAL EXPERIMENTATION

Photoautotrophic and mixotrophic growth of Lemna paucicostata Hegelm. 6746 (formerly Lemna perpusilla Torr. 6746) was investigated to establish standardized conditions for biochemical studies. Optimal temperature for growth was 29 to 30 C. The medium used previously (Datko AH, Mudd SH, Giovanelli J 1977 J Biol Chem 252: 3436-3445) was modified by inclusion of NH₄Cl, decreasing macronutrient and ethylenediamine tetraacetate concentration, increasing micronutrient concentration, and inclusion of bicarbonate (for photoautotrophic growth) or 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (for mixotrophic growth) buffers. Varying the sulfate concentration between 14 and 1 millimolar had no effect on growth. For photoautotrophic growth in the new medium (medium 4), the effects of CO₂ concentration, light intensity, and pH were measured. Under the optimal conditions, a multiplication rate (MR) of 300 to 315, equivalent to a doubling time of 23 to 24 hours was obtained. Addition of glutamine or asparagine did not increase this MR. For mixotrophic growth in low light, the effects of sucrose concentration and pH were determined. Under optimal conditions, MR was 210. A concentration of sucrose less than maximal for growth was chosen for the medium for experiments which will include ¹⁴C-labeling of intermediates. MR under these conditions was 184. Growth was equally good in medium 4 and in half-strength Hutner's medium when sulfate was high (0.4 to 1 millimolar), but better in medium 4 when sulfate was low (20 micromolar). Growth rates could be restored to normal in half-strength Hutner's with low sulfate by decreasing the molybdate concentration.     

用RAPD技术鉴定小麦属间不对称体细胞杂种

用随机引物扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对三种不同组合:小麦(Triticum aestivum)( )簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa);小麦( )羊草(Leymus chinensis)和小麦( )高冰草(Agropyron elongatum)的属间不对称杂种进行分子鉴定,不同杂种植株的基因组经随机引物扩增后,均出现双亲的多态特异产物,证实它们含有双亲的基因组。将引物OPJ-12扩增的高冰草多态特异产物(分子量为0.77bp的DNA片段)分离纯化并标记作探针,用Southern杂交证明了小麦( )高冰草杂种经OPJ-12扩增的0.77kbp特异片段与高冰草这一片段具有同源性。本文结果证明,RAPD技术可作为小麦属间不对称体细胞杂种的一种快速、简便、有效的分子鉴定方法。     

扁枝槲寄生的生药学鉴定研究

我国各地所使用的常用中药“桑寄生”,除《中国药典》收载品种外 ,还来源于同科多种植物 ,扁枝槲寄生即为商品药材之一 ,并已载入《四川省中药材标准》。为便于药材鉴定和进行质量评价 ,本文对扁枝槲寄生进行了显微组织特征的分析 ,并用 TL C法和 UV法对其进行了分析     

花楸(Sorbus pohuashanensis)导管分子穿孔板的类型及演化

对花楸茎次生木质部进行离析研究,发现其导管穿孔板有两种类型,即网状穿孔板和单穿孔板,并且还有5种过渡类型,具不同类型穿孔板的导管分子有3种类型,即两端均为网状穿孔板的导管分子;一端为网状穿孔板,另一端为单穿孔板的导管分子;两端的均为单穿孔板的导管分子,在花楸个体发育过程中穿孔板类型的演化重演了系统发育过程中导管网状穿孔板演化成单穿孔板的过程。     

环凯食(饮)具大肠菌群检验纸片检测能力测试研究

研究以营养琼脂培养基的计数结果为基准,采用幅度卫生部食检所监制的两种不同厂家生产的食（饮）具大肠菌群检验纸片作为对照,对环凯食（饮）具大肠菌群检验纸片进行了检测能力测试研究,在测试中采用10cells/mL,50cells/mL和100cells/mL3个不同菌液浓度,环凯纸片的检测结果和营养琼脂平板计数结果基本一致。与其它两种纸片的检测结果无明显差异。完全可以用于食（饮）具大肠菌群的监督检验。