多疣壁虎肠道内分泌细胞的分布及形态学观察

用光镜和电镜对多疣壁虎肠道嗜银细胞的分布及形态做了初步的观察,结果显示,十二指肠嗜银细胞密度最高,大肠次之,空、回肠较低;作者认为嗜银细胞的分布与动物生活环境是相关的,嗜银细胞形态多样,位于肠上皮细胞之间和固有层结缔组织中,电镜下,嗜银细胞内充满足电子致密颗粒,十二指肠和大肠嗜银细胞颗粒大小和密度不同。根据内分泌特点的不同,可分为开放型和闭合型两类。本文还对多疣壁虎肠道嗜银细胞的分布及形态特点做了探讨。     

绍兴家鸭腺胃嗜银细胞的形态学观察

本试验对不同生长发育时期的绍兴家鸭(Anas platyrhynchos var. domestica)腺胃嗜银细胞的形态及数量,在光学显微镜下进行观察、计数与统计学分析。 材料与方法 实验材料采自本校牧场饲养的“带圈白翼梢”绍兴地区的家鸭(简称绍鸭)40只,分六个时期取材。刚孵出(0日龄)7只,5日龄6只,10日龄 7只,30日龄6只,50日龄7只,一年龄7只。供试前断食12     

褐家鼠消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

应用Grimelius银染法观察了褐家鼠Arattus norvegicus消化道嗜银细胞的分布密度及形态.结果 显示,在褐家鼠的消化道除食管未见嗜银细胞外,其它部位均有嗜银细胞的分布,其分布密度为胃贲门部最高,回肠部最低.嗜银细胞多分布于消化道粘膜上皮细胞之间或腺泡上皮之间,有时可见于上皮基部和固有膜内.嗜银细胞形态多样,主要以锥体形为主,其次还有圆形、梭形和椭圆形.根据其嗜银细胞形态,认为褐家鼠消化道内嗜银细胞具有内、外分泌、旁分泌3种功能.     

扬子鳄消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

该文用龙桂开浸银法对扬子鳄消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态进行了观察。结果表明：嗜银细胞分布于整个消化道中,从食道到直肠。其中,十二指肠和回、直肠交接处密度很高,胃体及直肠很低。嗜银细胞形态多样。食道嗜银细胞位于上皮基部和固有膜中,呈椭圆形或不规则形。胃嗜银细胞位于胃腺部,圆形或椭圆形,有的可见明显的胞突。肠嗜银细胞位于上皮细胞之间,呈长柱形、纺锤形、长颈瓶形或锤状。多数细胞两端有较长胞突,分别与固有膜     

小鼠胃肠道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

用Grimelius嗜银法对10只小鼠胃肠道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学作了观察研究,结果显示：（l）小鼠嗜银细胞的分布密度,在胃体部最高,从十二脂肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠直到结肠依次减少。（2）嗜银细胞的形态也是多种多样,有梭形、锥体形、椭圆形等。     

中华大蟾蜍消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

本文用Grimelius嗜银法对12只中华大蟾蜍消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态进行了初步观察．结果显示：（1）中华大蟾蜍消化道嗜银细胞的分布密度依次为;食管为31．51±6.73;胃贲门为67．52±3．81;胃体部为49．41±5．69;胃幽门部为142．58±6．69;十二指肠为34．63±5．26;空肠为25．36±2．57;回肠为13．28±3．29;（2）嗜银细胞在食管部分主要集中子食管腺;在胃部主要集中于胃腺,在小肠部主要分布于绒毛上皮之间;（3）嗜银细胞的形态也是多种多样,有锥体形、三角形、椭圆形、长梭形等。     

蛇岛蝮蛇消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

应用Grimelius银染法对蛇岛蝮蛇Gloydius shedaoensis 消化道嗜银细胞的分布密度及形态进行研究.结果 表明,蛇岛蝮蛇的消化道中嗜银细胞分布广泛,见于其全长,主要分布于上皮细胞基部、上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮细胞之间,也有少量位于固有膜内;胃贲门是嗜银细胞分布密度的高峰,胃体次之,食管分布密度最低;嗜银细胞形态多样,主要有锥体形、梭形、圆形和椭圆形,具有内、外分泌两种功能.     

东亚腹链蛇消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

应用Grimelius银染法研究了东亚腹链蛇（Amphiesma vibakari）消化道嗜银细胞的分布密度及形态。结果表明：在东亚腹链蛇的消化道中嗜银细胞分布广泛,见于全消化道。其分布密度曲线大致呈波浪形,其中胃部是嗜银细胞分布密度的高峰,胃幽门次之,回肠分布密度最低。嗜银细胞形态多样,主要以锥体形为主,其次还有圆形、椭圆形。广泛分布于上皮细胞基部、上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮细胞之间。结论：东亚腹链蛇消化道嗜银细胞分布型的形成与各部位消化功能有关;根据其形态,我们认为东亚腹链蛇消化道内嗜银细胞具有内分泌、外分泌、旁分泌3种功能。     

显示神经内分泌细胞的染色方法

体内一些内分泌细胞,它们具有共同的细胞化学特点,即在细胞内含胺或摄取胺前体,并在细胞内进行脱羧反应,具有产生胺类和肽类激素功能,这类细胞属于弥漫性神经内分泌系统范畴。内分泌系统不仅包括传统的内分泌细胞聚集形成的内分泌腺,还包括广泛散在分布于许多器官组织中的神经内分泌细胞。     

克氏原螯虾消化道内分泌细胞的鉴别与定位

目的 对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）消化道的嗜银细胞及5种内分泌细胞进行鉴别与定位。方法应用整块组织Grimelius银染法和过氧化物酶标记的链霉亲和素（SP法）免疫组织化学技术结合生物统计学分析。结果嗜银细胞在克氏原螫虾消化道除幽门胃外的各段均有分布,位于消化道上皮细胞间及结缔组织中。五羟色胺（5-HT）细胞在除幽门胃外的消化道各段均有分布。生长抑素（SS）细胞仅在食道和后肠中有分布。胃泌素（Gas）细胞分布于除幽门胃和中肠外的消化道各段。胰高血糖素（Glu）细胞在除幽门胃外的整个消化道均有分布,在食道和贲门胃中最多。胰多肽（PP）细胞仅在肠道中有较多分布。结论克氏原螫虾消化道中存在多种内分泌细胞,它们的分布情况与其它甲壳动物存在一定的共性,然而也有其一定的特异性。     

Endocrine cells in the human fetal small intestine

Summary In this report we describe the time of appearance and ultrastructural features of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the human fetal small intestine (SB) between 9 and 22 weeks gestation. Thirteen distinctive EECs were identified in fetal SB. Two of these, not found in normal adult SB, appeared within the stratified epithelium of the proximal SB at 9–10 weeks. They were arbitrarily termed primitive and precursor cells. As in all fetal EECs, the pale cytoplasm of the primitive cell contains a distinctive population of secretory granules (SGs). Primitive cell SGs average 200–330 nm; some have dense cores with lucent halos while others are filled with a homogeneous dense or flocculent material. The SGs of the precursor cells are larger, averaging up to 1 m in diameter and their contents vary in electron density. A third group of cells not described in normal adult SB was arbitrarily termed transitional cells. These have two populations of SGs; one resembles the SGs of the precursor cells, and the other resembles the SGs of some of the specific adult type EECs. Transitional EC, S, I and G cells are seen. In addition, mature appearing EC, S, G, I, L, D, and D₁ cells were identified by 12 weeks of gestation. The primitive, precursor, and transitional cells may represent sequential developmental precursors of adult type EECs.Supported by Research Grant AM-17537 from the National Institutes of Health, Besthesda, MarylandThe authors would like to thank Ms. Linda Barstein for her excellent technical assistance     

On argyrophil reactions of endocrine cells in the human fetal pancreas

Summary The endocrine cells in the pancreas of five human fetuses with gestational ages of 18–20 weeks were examined by light and electron microscopy with special regard to argyrophil reactions. B-cells and typical A and D-cells were easily identified electron microscopically on the basis of their typical secretory granules. In the Grimelius argyrophil silver stain, a concentration of silver grains over the less electron dense peripheral mantle of the A-cell secretory granules was observed by electron microscopy. In the Hellerström and Hellman modification of the argyrophil Davenport alcoholic silver stain, silver grains were concentrated over the internal structures of the D-cell secretory granules. With this stain an accumulation of silver grains was also seen at the surface of the A-cell secretory granules. The argyrophil reaction of the A-granules was less pronounced than in the D-cells. In addition to B-cells and A- and D-cells, two other types of endocrine cell were observed by electron microscopy. These cells were argyrophil with the silver impregnation method of Grimelius. The electron microscopic findings at least partly explain the frequent overlapping between the two staining methods observed at the light microscope level.This study was supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council (Project No. 102)     

人胎胃壁内NOS阳性神经元发育的研究

研究用NADPH-d组织化学法对第3个月胎龄至足月人胎胃壁内NOS阳性神经元的分化,迁移和生长发育进行了观察。结果表明：第5个月龄时,肌层神经节处的圆形细胞出现一氧化氮合酶（nitric oxide synthase,NOS)阳性反应。第6个月龄时,NOS阳性细胞分化演变成NOS阳性神经细胞,细胞呈圆形或椭圆形,核大,细胞质极少,由细胞发出短小的6个月龄时,NOS阳性细胞分化演变成NOS阳性神经细胞,细胞呈圆形或椭圆形,核大,细胞质极少,由细胞发出短小的突起,有部分NOS阳性细胞分化演变成梭形的NOS阳性神经细胞,呈条索状排列和粘膜下层延伸,吸的到达粘膜层,在粘膜层形成网状细胞,第7个月龄时,神经元细胞明显增大,细胞质增多,染色加深,在肌层形成神经节,神经节细胞突起投射到整个肌层,第8-10个月龄时,肌层和粘膜下层神经元日趋成熟,细胞质增多,染色强度加深,肌层神经纤维分布密度增加,大多数神经纤维增粗,有的呈弹簧样弯曲,其走向与肌纤维长轴平行。结果提示;人胎胃壁内NOS阳性神经元来源于胚胎早期肌层神经节处的圆形细胞,通过分化,生长发育形成成熟的NOS阳性神经元。     

人胎大肠氮能神经元发育的研究

用NADPH-d组织化学法对人胎大肠氮能神经元的发育进行了观察.结果表明第5个月胎龄时,肌间神经节处圆形细胞中部分细胞出现一氧化氮合酶(NOS)阳性反应,并分化成氮能神经细胞.第6个月胎龄时,氮能神经元胞体增大,突起伸长,在肌层、粘膜下层和肠腺基部出现氮能神经纤维分布.第7个月胎龄时,氮能神经元生长发育达到高峰,肌间神经节细胞数目增多,环肌层神经纤维分布密度增加,膨体结构明显.第8-10个月胎龄时,氮能神经元染色强度加深,其胞体分布以肌间神经节最多,粘膜下层和内环肌层较少.氮能神经纤维的分布密度以内环肌层最高,粘膜下层和外纵肌层次之,粘膜层较低.本研究揭示了大肠氮能神经元发育的变化规律.     

Ontogeny and distribution of certain endocrine cells in the human fetal large intestine

Summary In 9 fetuses, 9 to 24 weeks-old, the occurrence and relative distribution of argentaffin cells, as well as of cells immunoreactive to somatostatin (SRIF), glucagon-like polypeptide (GLI), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and substance P (SP) were studied in five segments of the colon (appendix, cecum, ascending colon, descending colon, and rectosigmoid). For each colonic segment, data concerned with the occurrence of endocrine cells were expressed either as mean absolute numbers of specific cells per entire mucosal section, or as cell densities per mm³ of mucosa after calculation of the mucosal volume of the sections. Argentaffin, GLI, SRIF and PP immunoreactive cells are all present in relatively large numbers, scattered along the entire length of the colonic mucosa as early as the 9th–10th week of gestation, whereas substance P-containing cells occur sporadically and first appear during the 14th–17th week. Until the 20th week, with progressing embryonic development, an increase was determined in absolute numbers per section of all types of endocrine cells in all segments of the colon. This observation is clearly related to the general growth of the colonic mucosa, since cell densities per mm³ of mucosa do not greatly change or even decrease during gestation. However, it is possible that densities of argentaffin, GLI and BPP cells increase in the appendix around the 14th–17th week of gestation. Between the 20th and 24th week, absolute numbers of cells per section remain stable or slightly increase, while cell densities tend rather to decrease in all segments. These data demonstrate that some endocrine cells are present very early in the human fetal colon, but their functional significance remains to be elucidated.This work was supported by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)     

从甲状腺肥大细胞探讨胎儿器官肥大细胞的差异

研究肥大细胞在人胎儿甲状腺发育中数量、分布及组化性质的改变,以探讨胎儿器官发育中肥大细胞的差异。取45例不同胎龄的人胎甲状腺石蜡切片做甲苯胺蓝染色和阿尔辛蓝－－藏红染色,并测定肥大细胞的临界电解质浓度值及进行硫酸小蘖硷荧光染色。结果显示：3月龄胎儿甲状腺内开始出现肥大细胞,数量极少,主要分布在被膜及小叶间结缔组织内,甲苯胺蓝染色肥大细胞颗粒呈淡紫蓝色,阿尔辛蓝－－藏红染色呈蓝色,临界电解质浓度值较低,硫酸小蘖硷染色未见显黄色荧乐的肥大细胞,从3月龄到足月随着胎龄增长,肥大细胞数量缓慢增多,8月龄时肥大细胞经甲苯胺蓝染色,其颗粒呈紫红色,阿尔辛蓝－－藏红染色出现少量含红色和红蓝混合染色颗粒的肥大细胞,临界电解质浓度值偏高,可见少量显黄色荧光的肥大细胞,结果表明：在人胎儿3月龄时甲状腺发育中开始出现肥大细胞,但随胎儿发育肥大细胞的组化性质改变不明显。     

Ultrastructure and secretory cycle of the gastrin-producing cell

Summary The gastrin-producing cells in the cat have been studied under various experimental conditions indicating the secretory cycle of these cells. Normal gastrin cells in animals fed ad libitum show secretory granules of different electron density. After fasting for 24 hrs the cells are granulated with electron dense secretory granules and after refeeding the cells are degranulated, showing clear secretory granules. The implication of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus in the secretory cycle is discussed on the basis of the ultrastructural findings.Supported by a grant from the Fonds national suisse de la Recherche scientifique, Berne, Switzerland.     

Aquaporin-9 is expressed in a mucus-secreting goblet cell subset in the small intestine

We analyzed the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the small intestine to elucidate their functions, and found that AQP9, which had not previously been detected there, is present in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. AQP9 is expressed in colon as well, but not in stomach. Also, its expression in these intestinal sections is limited to the basolateral membranes of a goblet cell subset. Our finding that AQP9 is present specifically in goblet cells as mucus-secreting cells suggests its involvement in the synthesis and/or secretion of a certain kind of mucus which may protect the intestinal surface and smooth the flow of intestinal contents.