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1.
匍匐茎草本绢毛匍匐委陵菜对局部遮荫的克隆可塑性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采自林窗和林内生境的绢毛匍匐委陵菜 (PotentillareptansL .var.sericophyllaFranch)“分株对”(即由一匍匐茎节间相连着的两个分株 ,其一为“目标分株” ,另一为“相连分株”)在一户外实验中经历了全不遮荫、全部遮荫和局部遮荫处理。该植物的基株生物量、匍匐茎总长度、分株数、匍匐茎比节间重、叶柄长、比叶柄重在遮荫条件下较小。匍匐茎节间长度没有对遮荫处理发生反应。在局部遮荫处理 ,遮荫斑块的分株的叶柄长度由于连着未遮荫斑块中分株而变得更长。这种克隆整合对克隆形态可塑性的修饰作用只在林窗生境来源的实验植物中观察到。其他克隆生长和克隆形态特征的可塑性在不同生境来源的实验植物间没有差异。  相似文献   

2.
葡匐茎草本绢毛匐委陵菜对局部蔗荫的克隆可塑性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采自林窗和林内生境的绢毛匍匐委陵菜(Potentilla reptans L.var.sericophylla Franch)“分株对”(即由一匍匐茎节间相连着的两个分株,其一为“目标分株”,另一为“相连分株”)在一户外实验中经历了全不遮荫、全部遮荫和局部遮荫处理。该植物的基株生物量、匍匐茎总长度、分株数、葡匐茎比节间重、叶西风长、比叶柄重在遮荫条件下较小。葡匐茎节间长度没有对遮荫处理发生反应。  相似文献   

3.
克隆植物蝴蝶花在光梯度环境上的形态适应性研究   总被引:24,自引:8,他引:16  
对四川缙云山毛竹林和针阔叶混交林具有林窗、林缘和林下3种光照差异明显生境下的克隆草本植物蝴蝶花的形态可塑性进行了研究.统计了分株、根茎和叶生长方向等特征.经方差分析和t检验后表明.蝴蝶花在光梯度环境下,其形态特征表现出适应性变化.从林窗→林绿→林下,随着光强度的减弱,分株的高度、密度相应减小.在林下达到最小;而根茎的长度、节间长则相反,在遮荫大的林下最大.研究发现,叶片数目和根茎直径在不同的样地和生境中无明显变化,但叶片的生长方向和光照方向关系极大,表现出极强的向光性.此外,文章还对蝴蝶花表现出的可塑性进行了分析和讨论.  相似文献   

4.
 为研究匍匐茎草本植物对基质养分供应水平的生物量分配格局的可塑性,在一盆栽实验中对绢毛匍匐委陵菜(Potentilla reptans var.sericophylla)进行了8种不同的养分处理。绢毛匍匐委陵菜植株生物量、匍匐茎数、分株数以及匍匐茎节间长在中等养分条件下最大。随 土壤养分的降低,绢毛匍匐委陵菜对叶片和叶柄的生物量投资减小,而对根系的生物量投资增加。在中等养分条件下,绢毛匍匐委陵菜对匍匐 茎的生物量投资倾向于最大,而在更高或更低的养分条件下倾向于减少。此生 物量分配格局与de Kroon和Schieving的模型模拟结果相符合, 结果表明在中等资源水平下增加对匍匐茎的生物量投资是克隆植物增加资源获取的对策之一。  相似文献   

5.
高寒草甸退化对鹅绒委陵菜克隆生长特征的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
周华坤  赵新全  周立  刘伟  韩发  古松 《生态学报》2006,26(2):508-520
为了揭示高寒草甸典型匍匐茎克隆植物对不同生境的生态适应对策,验证生境适应假说,并为高寒草地的退化演替机理研究提供依据,以调查统计和比较样地法研究了江河源区高寒草甸退化对鹅绒委陵菜克隆生长特征的影响。研究表明,重度退化草甸的植物群落结构、功能以及土壤特征发生了明显的变化,继而对鹅绒委陵菜无性系的克隆生长行为和形态特性产生了影响。高寒草甸退化后鹅绒委陵菜的匍匐茎增多,分支强度加大。退化草甸内鹅绒委陵菜的基株高度小于未退化草甸,根长大于未退化草甸,基株的叶片数目问没有明显差别。退化草甸的分株高度显著小于未退化草甸,而分株叶数大于未退化草甸,根长小于未退化革甸且差异不显著。未退化草甸内鹅绒委陵菜无性系的问隔子长度、粗度和匍匐茎长度大于退化草甸,间隔子平均数目少于退化草甸,差异都不显著。随着鹅绒委陵菜无性系匍匐茎数目的增加,不论重度退化草甸与未退化草甸,用于鹅绒委陵菜克隆繁殖的能量投资也逐渐增加。鹅绒委陵菜在未退化草甸用于克隆繁殖的能量投资比例高于退化草甸,其中未退化草甸内鹅绒委陵菜基株的干重占无性系总生物量的比例略低于退化草甸,分株和匍匐茎的干重占无性系总生物量的比例高于退化草甸。高寒草甸退化对鹅绒委陵菜克隆生长特征的这些影响,与植物群落结构和功能的变化导致生境变异密切相关,是其对高寒草甸退化导致的资源和生境差异的反应,也是对资源利用达到的最合理状态,是一种选择适应的结果,有利于克隆繁殖潜力的发挥。同时为生境适应假说提供了又一例证。  相似文献   

6.
不同光照条件下聚花过路黄的克隆构型和分株种群特征   总被引:31,自引:1,他引:30  
陈劲松  董鸣  于丹  刘庆 《应用生态学报》2004,15(8):1383-1388
以都江堰灵岩山常绿阔叶林林下、林缘和林缘旷地3种不同光照环境中匍匐茎草本聚花过路黄(Lysimachla congestiflora)为对象,对其匍匐茎节间长、分枝强度、分枝角度、分株种群密度、分株种群生物量等指标进行了测定和分析.结果表明,聚花过路黄的匍匐茎节间长、分枝强度、分株种群密度和分株种群生物量在3种生境间差异显著.Kruskal Wallis检验表明,匍匐茎节间长度和分枝角度的频次分布在3种生境间差异显著.3种生境中匍匐茎节间长度分布偏斜度(skewness)的大小分别为:林缘旷地>林缘>林下.林缘旷地与林缘和林下生境在分枝角度、分株种群高度和分株种群根冠比差异显著,而且林缘旷地生境中分枝角度分布偏斜度最小.林缘和林下生境在分枝角度、分株种群高度和分株种群根冠比差异不显著.从林缘旷地、林缘到林下,聚花过路黄的克隆构型和分株种群特征发生了相应改变.结合克隆植物对资源的利用对策,讨论了不同生境中聚花过路黄克隆构型和分株种群特征可塑性的生态适应意义.  相似文献   

7.
不同放牧强度对鹅绒委陵菜克隆生长特征的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站,对通过17 a不同放牧强度干扰后金露梅灌丛草甸内鹅绒委陵菜克隆生长特征进行实地调查统计研究.结果显示:长期放牧并增加放牧强度后,植物群落的高度、盖度和草场质量指数下降.随着放牧强度增大,鹅绒委陵菜无性系匍匐茎数目增加,分枝强度加大;基株变矮,逐渐由直立、半直立型变为匍匐状,形态可塑性明显;根长有逐渐增加的趋势;放牧强度对鹅绒委陵菜无性系分株高度、根长和分株叶数影响不显著;间隔子有变短、变粗的趋势,间隔子数目和分株数目有增加的趋势,但影响不显著;轻牧和不牧样地中用于鹅绒委陵菜克隆生长的平均能量投资(分株和匍匐茎的干重及其所占比例)小于重牧样地.表明随放牧强度增大,鹅绒委陵菜无性繁殖能力增强,呈现出典型的生态适应策略.  相似文献   

8.
 克隆植物的形态可塑性在基株和种群水平上分别表现为克隆构型和分株种群特征的变化。研究对象为内蒙古锡林河流域草地、林地、沙地3种生境下的羊草(Leymus chinensis)种群,通过对羊草根茎节间长度、间隔子长度、分枝强度、分枝角度、株高和分株密度等指标的测定和分析,对这3种不同生境中羊草的克隆构型及分株种群特征进行了研究。结果表明羊草克隆构型相关特征,如,根茎节间长度,根茎节间长度频次分布格局、间隔子长度、间隔子长度频次分布格局,在不同生境差异较大。同时,羊草的分枝角度在不同生境间差异显著。而每间隔子所  相似文献   

9.
研究了匍匐茎型克隆草本金戴戴(Halerpestes ruthenica) 4种基株(基因型)对不同盐分处理(0,85.5, 171.0, 256.5和342.0 mM NaCl)的表型可塑性。随着盐分浓度的增加,实验植物与生长相关的性状指标 (如植株干重、总叶面积、分株数和总匍匐茎长度) 显著减小。植株干重、总叶面积和总匍匐茎长度具有显著的基株间差异。实验植物与形态相关的性状指标 (如平均叶柄长和根冠比) 对盐分梯度具有可塑性并具有显著的基株间差异;而其它形态指标 (如平均节间长、比节间长和比叶柄长)  相似文献   

10.
研究了3种来自中国北方林下、草地和碱化草甸匍匐茎型克隆草本植物绢毛匍匐委陵菜(Potentilla reptans L.var.sericophylla Franch.)、鹅绒委陵菜(P.anserina L.)和金戴戴(Halerpestes ruthenica (Jacq.)Qvcz.)对由高光照低养分斑块和低光照高养分斑块组成的资源交互斑块性生境的适应性对策。当生长于高照低养分条件下分株(HL分株)与生长于低光照高养分条件下分株(LH分株)之间的匍匐茎连接时,3种克隆植物HL分株、LH分株以及整个分株对系统(HL分株+LH分株)的生物量均得到显提高,同时,HL分株根冠比显增加,而HL分株根冠比显下降。这表明,当互连分株置于由低光照高养分斑块和高光照低养分斑块组成的异质性环境中时,3种植物克隆分株均发生了环境诱导的功能特化。克隆内资源共享以及克隆内不同分株的功能特化有利于整个分株系统对局部丰富资源的获取,从而能够缓解资源交互斑块性生境对克隆植物的不利影响。  相似文献   

11.
研究了 3种来自中国北方林下、草地和碱化草甸匍匐茎型克隆草本植物绢毛匍匐委陵菜 (PotentillareptansL .var.sericophyllaFranch .)、鹅绒委陵菜 (P .anserinaL .)和金戴戴 (Halerpestesruthenica (Jacq .)Qvcz .)对由高光照低养分斑块和低光照高养分斑块组成的资源交互斑块性生境的适应性对策。当生长于高光照低养分条件下分株(HL分株 )与生长于低光照高养分条件下分株 (LH分株 )之间的匍匐茎连接时 ,3种克隆植物HL分株、LH分株以及整个分株对系统 (HL分株 LH分株 )的生物量均得到显著提高。同时 ,LH分株根冠比显著增加 ,而HL分株根冠比显著下降。这表明 ,当互连分株置于由低光照高养分斑块和高光照低养分斑块组成的异质性环境中时 ,3种植物克隆分株均发生了环境诱导的功能特化。克隆内资源共享以及克隆内不同分株的功能特化有利于整个分株系统对局部丰富资源的获取 ,从而能够缓解资源交互斑块性生境对克隆植物的不利影响  相似文献   

12.
 许多学者认为植物空间分布是由在小尺度上起作用的某些土壤因子控制,但对克隆植物种群与土壤变量进行空间格局比较的研究相对较少。该 研究主要探讨小尺度上克隆植物与土壤有效磷之间的空间相关性,特别是它们的相似性。土壤和植物样品取自北京东灵山的绢毛匍匐委陵菜 (Potentilla reptans var.sericophylla)种群,样方大小为336 cm×96 cm;采用半方差函数和交互相关图来分析空间分布特征。结果表明, 土壤有效磷含量空间分布的斑块性结构明显,空间自相关尺度为 37.8 cm。绢毛匍匐委陵菜的各项测定指标与土壤有效磷的空间格局多数在75 ~110 cm尺度上显著负相关,在110~165 cm尺度上相关性不显著;分株数、叶数和匍匐茎生物量在小于50 cm尺度上以及根生物量在小于30 cm 尺度上与土壤有效磷含量的空间格局显著正相关。资源共享和选择性放置克隆分株是绢毛匍匐委陵菜利用小尺度异质性土壤资源的重要生态对 策 。  相似文献   

13.
Clonal plants spreading horizontally and forming a network structure of ramets exhibit complex growth patterns to maximize resource uptake from the environment. They respond to spatial heterogeneity by changing their internode length or branching frequency. Ramets definitively root in the soil but stay interconnected for a varying period of time thus allowing an exchange of spatial and temporal information. We quantified the foraging response of clonal plants depending on the local soil quality sampled by the rooting ramet (i.e. the present information) and the resource variability sampled by the older ramets (i.e. the past information). We demonstrated that two related species, Potentilla reptans and P. anserina, responded similarly to the local quality of their environment by decreasing their internode length in response to nutrient-rich soil. Only P. reptans responded to resource variability by decreasing its internode length. In both species, the experience acquired by older ramets influenced the plastic response of new rooted ramets: the internode length between ramets depended not only on the soil quality locally sampled but also on the soil quality previously sampled by older ramets. We quantified the effect of the information perceived at different time and space on the foraging behavior of clonal plants by showing a non-linear response of the ramet rooting in the soil of a given quality. These data suggest that the decision to grow a stolon or to root a ramet at a given distance from the older ramet results from the integration of the past and present information about the richness and the variability of the environment.  相似文献   

14.
匍匐茎草本金戴戴对盐分梯度的表型可塑性   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
 研究了匍匐茎型克隆草本金戴戴(Halerpestes ruthenica) 4种基株(基因型)对不同盐分处理(0,85.5, 171.0, 256.5和342.0 mM NaCl)的表型可塑性。随着盐分浓度的增加,实验植物与生长相关的性状指标 (如植株干重、总叶面积、分株数和总匍匐茎长度) 显著减小。植株干重、总叶面积和总匍匐茎长度具有显著的基株间差异。实验植物与形态相关的性状指标 (如平均叶柄长和根冠比) 对盐分梯度具有可塑性并具有显著的基株间差异;而其它形态指标 (如平均节间长、比节间长和比叶柄长)  相似文献   

15.
Clonal integration may be adaptive and enhance the genet performance of clonal plants. Degree of clonal integration may differ between different environments . Here, a container experiment was used to determine how clonal integration affected the performance of the stoloniferous herb Duchesnea indica at two sites with different altitude along the transitional zone between the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the Sichuan basin of Southwest China. In the experiment, the stolon between partially shaded two ramets experienced severing and intact treatments.We predicted that clonal integration would increase performance of whole clonal fragments and their shaded clonal parts at both sites. In both arctic and alpine environments, clonal plants may form highly integrated plant units (group of ramets).We predicted again that the reduction due to stolon severing in performance of whole clonal fragments and their shaded clonal parts would be greater at the site with high altitude than one with low altitude. The results indicated that the benefit for the shaded clonal parts and whole clonal fragments due to clonal integration was only observed at the site with high altitude. The results suggest that the performance of Duchesnea indica tends to be more responsive to the stolon severing at the site with high altitude than one with low altitude and support the second prediction. In addition, the effects of conditions of the sites and clonal integration on local morphological traits of ramets may be adaptive, five morphological traits of ramet-level (length of petiole, mean stolon internode length, specific petiole weight, specific stolon internode weight and specific leaf area) were investigated. Altogether, the results suggest that clonal integration might help D. indica plants to successfully inhabit the high-altitude habitat of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau of Southwest China, providing new evidences for the notion that clonal integration is an adaptive trait in stressful environments.  相似文献   

16.
Huber  Heidrun  Wiggerman  Lars 《Plant Ecology》1997,130(1):53-62
In herbaceous canopies light availability can show high degrees of spatial variability in a vertical and also in a horizontal direction. Stoloniferous plants are hence likely to encounter differences in light availability during their ontogenetic development. Different mechanisms, such as petiole elongation, plasticity in internode length and branching, and an enhanced allocation to sexual reproduction have been suggested to represent viable shade-avoidance mechanisms for clonal plants.In a field experiment we tested the response of the stoloniferous herb Trifolium fragiferum L. to experimentally manipulated vegetation heights. Naturally occurring clonal fragments were exposed to four different vegetation heights ranging from 0 cm (high light availability created by clipping the surrounding natural vegetation at ground level) to 20 cm (natural shading in closed canopy). The growth and development of individual clones was followed for two months. At the end of the experiment above-ground plant parts were harvested. Growth-related and morphological parameters (e.g., petiole and internode length) as well as patterns of meristem utilization (i.e., flowering, branching) were recorded.Neither primary stolon growth and biomass accumulation nor branching and flowering were significantly affected by treatments. However, increased vegetation height resulted in a reduced number of secondary ramets and also had strong positive effects on petiole length, leading to marked changes in the architecture of plants growing in canopies of different heights. In addition, the average weight of individual ramets on the primary stolon was markedly higher in plants exposed to taller vegetation as compared to shorter vegetation.The results of this study suggest the occurrence of a trade-off between clonal expansion (i.e., secondary ramet production) and the average size of clonal offspring. If grown under higher vegetation plants invested more into the size of individual ramets, especially into elongating petioles, and less into the growth and development of lateral branches. Placing leaf laminae higher up in the canopy results in an enhanced light interception which has apparently buffered negative effects of increased vegetation height on whole-clone biomass. Plants grown under shorter vegetation invested more into lateral spread by producing more, but smaller ramets.  相似文献   

17.
蝴蝶花无性系在不同光强度下表现结构的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
马万里   《广西植物》1996,16(4):342-348
本文以四川缙云山的克隆草本蝴蝶花为对象,对其在竹林和针阔叶混交林林窗地带不同的光变化生境中的表现结构进行了研究。经对蝴蝶花无性系小株的高度、基径、叶片数以及地上和地下生物量的统计分析,结果表明:从林窗→林缘→林下,随着光照强度的减弱,蝴蝶花的高度、基径和地上生物量相应减小,在林下达到最小,而地下生物量在林下却最大,叶片数目没有明显变化。文章分析和讨论了蝴蝶花所表现出的结构变化,并分别对株高和地上生物量与基径的关系拟合了回归方程。  相似文献   

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