四川乐山市发现较大群的家燕及一例斑头雁留此越冬

2008年1月17日下午4时左右,笔者在四川乐山市水口镇大渡河边发现1只家燕正在河面低空飞行捕食.2008年1月25日西华师范大学杨志松博士在该市岷江边天池村及金灯村一带先后发现5小群家燕,分别为4只、1只、10只、1只和3只;同日,胡杰博士在该市青衣江边(金水湾至乐山高新区江段)也发现2小群家燕,分别为4只和6只.     

莴苣授粉前后中央细胞中钙的分布(简报)

Ca2 作为植物生长发育过程中的必需元素之一,通过特定的时、空分布参与调控植物生长发育的诸多发育过程[1].中央细胞是胚囊中体积最大的细胞,与卵器共同构成雌性生殖单位.在被子植物双受精作用中,卵细胞与一个精细胞融合形成胚,中央细胞与另一个精细胞融合并发育成胚乳,为胚的发育提供营养.     

水果湖湾蓝藻水华的形成及其对东湖影响的评价

东湖是武汉市最重要的湖泊,位于湖北省武汉市武昌区,属中型浅水湖泊,它集饮用水源、旅游、疗养、气候调节、水产养殖和水上运动等多功能于一体[1].因此,东湖水质的好坏与武汉人民的生活密切相关.     

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection model based on triangular neutrosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy number

In this paper,we define the basic concept of triangular neutrosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy number and their properties.We develop a triangular neutrosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted arithmetic averaging (TNCIIFOWAA) operator and a triangular neu-trosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted geometric averaging (TNCIIFOWGA) operator to aggregate triangular neutrosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy number (TNCHFN) information and investigate their properties.Furthermore,a multiple attribute decision-making method based on the TNCHFOWAA operator and triangular neutrosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted geometric (TNCHFOWG) operator and the score function of TNCHFN is established under a TNCHFN environment.Finally,an illustrative example of investment alternatives is given to demonstrate the application and effec-tiveness of the developed approach.     

椰子杂种优势及其利用研究进展(综述)

概述了国内外椰子杂交研究情况,并分析椰子杂交种在营养生长、产量、品质、抗性等方面的表现,认为椰子杂交种具有较强的杂种优势,利用前景广阔.     

我国农业微生物学的先驱——张宪武

张宪武(英文名Hsien Wu Chang,原籍河北献县)1905年8月6日生在吉林省吉林市一个比较富裕的商业资本家家庭,1920年毕业于吉林省立模范小学,1927年毕业于天津南开中学理科,1931年在燕京大学化学系毕业.     

A generalization of Poisson-Sujatha distribution and its applications to ecology

A generalization of Poisson Sujatha distribution(AGPSD),which includes Poisson-Lindley distribution(PLD)and Poisson-Sujatha distribution(PSD)as particular cases,has been proposed and studied.Its moments and moments-based measures including coefficient of variation,skewness,kurtosis and index of dispersion have been obtained and their behaviors have been discussed.The estimation of its parameters has been discussed with maximum likelihood estimation.The applications of the proposed distribution has been explained through two examples of count data from ecology and the goodness of fit of the distribution has been compared with Poisson distribution,PLD and PSD.     

空桐树的化学成分研究(英文)

从空桐树(Paulownia kawakamii)首次提取分离出7个化合物,经波谱分析和化学反应,分别鉴定为α-lapachone(1)、9-hydroxy-α-lapachone(2)、黄钟花醌(3)、芝麻素(4)、泡桐素(5)、谷甾醇棕榈酸脂(6)和β-谷甾醇(7).     

广东发现细裂玉凤花

2007年9月，对广东省惠州市新墟镇白云嶂进行植物学考察时，在一个斜坡上的一片次生阔叶林的潮湿林缘，发现了兰科植物细裂玉凤花Habenaria leptoloba Benth。此植物的模式产地为香港，第一次采集时间为1857年，后来虽在香港仍有发现，但事隔150年后才在广东发现。     

低温环境中乳酸菌的开发利用

乳酸菌作为一种益生资源,越来越为人们所重视.在自然界存在的乳酸菌中,有一类虽然人们一直在利用,但是还没有充分的研究和开发,这类乳酸菌就是低温环境中生长的乳酸菌.国外目前所见有关低温乳酸菌的报道多集中于低温冷藏肉、鱼制品及泡菜中的乳酸菌,集中研究和应用的菌属主要包括Leuconostoc和Lactobacillus,而国内这方面的研究并不多见.笔者根据目前国内外低温乳酸菌的研究现状,阐述了其存在环境、种类及相应作用,并对其研究涉及的领域、趋势及应用前景进行了探讨和展望,以期为国内这类乳酸菌资源的研究开发提供参考和依据.     

The one-electron transfer redox potentials of free radicals. I. The oxygen/superoxide system.

The method of determination of Redox potentials of radicals, using the pulse radiolysis technique, is outlined. The method is based on the determination of equilibrium constants of electron transfer reactions between the radicals and appropriate acceptors. The limitations of this technique are discussed. The redox potentials of several quinones-semiquinones are calculated, as well as the standard redox potential of the peroxy radical. EO2/O2=-0.33 V and the redox oxidation properties of the peroxy radical in various systems and pH are discussed. The value determined for the redox potentials of O2/O2 is higher by more than 0.2 V than earlier estimates, which has important implications on the possible role of O2 in biological processes of O2 fixation.     

新疆棘豆属棘豆组的修订

通过对大量标本和文献的研究,并结合野外居群的观察分析,澄清了《中国植物志》棘豆组中存在的分类学问题,对新疆棘豆属棘豆组植物的分类进行修订,确认产于新疆的棘豆属棘豆组植物8种、1变型,并重新编制了新疆棘豆属棘豆组的分种检索表,以及各种的分类学处理及地理分布.研究结果表明:少花棘豆归并在宽瓣棘豆中,其中少花棘豆为新异名;冰河棘豆应改为球花棘豆;冰川棘豆的学名更正为Oxytropis proboscidea;将黑萼棘豆并入长茎棘豆组中.此外,棘豆组增加了3个类群:等瓣棘豆、伊朗棘豆和奇台棘豆,其中等瓣棘豆和伊朗棘豆为新疆新记录种,白花球花棘豆为新变型.     

Larval development of a gobiid fish,Odontohutis obscura obscura in comparison with that ofO. o. interrupta and ofO. platycephala

Larval development ofOdontobutis obscura obscura, reared withArtemia sp. andLimnodrilus sp. for about two months, was observed in a room maintained at 20±0.5°C. The development was classified into nine nominal stages, and was compared with that ofO. o. interrupta and ofO. platycephala. The size and shape of the eggs and the development of this species are similar to those ofO. o. interrupta andO. platycephala. From the juvenile stage,O. obscura is distinguishable fromO. platycephala by the appearance of dark bands on the body located in the same position as in adults.O. o. interrupta is also distinguished fromO. o. obscura in the juvenile stage by the presence of melanophores on the dorsal and ventral sides of the caudal peduncle. The anal fin fold ofO. obscura is higher than the dorsal fin fold, but the two folds are equal in height inO. platycephala. O. obscura has a well-developed air bladder and swims high in the water at the feeding stage.O. platycephala has a poorly developed air bladder and swims on the bottom. Xanthophores are observed at an earlier stage and more strongly developed inO. obscura than inO. platycephala. Growth rate is faster inO. obscura than inO. platycephala. O. obscura spawns at a smaller body size thanO. platycephala. InO. o. obscura, the arrangement of cephalic pit organs is completed at 14 mm SL. InO. o. interrupta, this arrangement is completed at the same time or a little later than inO. o. obscura. The infraorbital and verticalantorbital pit lines ofO. platycephala, which are separated in the adults, are connected until the juveniles measure about 30 mm SL. These pit lines are connected even in the adults ofO. o. obscura andinterrupta. InO. platycephala, the sensory canals are first formed behind the eyes, then dorso-anterior to the eyes, then at the posterior edge of the preopercles and finally anterior to the eyes. Postocular canals begin to form in individuals more than 20 mm SL. All individuals ofO. o. interrupta more than 70 mm SL have postocular canals.O. o. obscura has no sensory canals throughout life. The differences in growth rate, body size at spawning, and the time of completion of the cephalic lateral line system suggest paedomorphosis in the three taxa studied here.     

On the nature of P.P.L.O.

Summary In a number of strains of the three species of P.P.L.O. of human origin coccoid elements have been observed, which are Gram positive or Gram variable and of very small size (<0.5 μ). They are able to grow in pure culture on the surface of nutrient agar in very small colonies. Although they have bacterial characteristics, they could not be identified as known bacteria. Agglutination tests are in favour of a serological relationship between the coccoid elements and P.P.L.O. The suggestion that these elements might be an outside contamination is made unlikely by several observations. The supposition that P.P.L.O.s are L forms of these coccoid elements should be considered further.     

Trois Especes Nouvelles d'Ophryoglenes: O. gelifera n. sp., O. mucosa n. sp., O. multimicronucleata n. sp. (Cilies Holotriches Peniculiens)

SYNOPSIS. A previous study with P. de Puytorac on O. bacterocaryon(3) has shown the methods of studying this Ciliate and has specified the general and buccal morphology, the morphogenesis, and the biology of vegetative individuals (theront, trophont, tomont, tomites) of this species. Three species we are describing now offer numerous common features with O. bacterocaryon. We consider them as the proper characters of genus Ophryoglena and we only insist on the specific particularities of O. gelifera, O. mucosa and O. multimicronucleata. O. gelifera is a large Ophryoglene differing from the others by a slightly asymetric, curved, spindle-shaped theront; the ellipsoidal tomont secretes abundant and clear jelly. The theront possesses one thick spindle-shaped macronucleus, one voluminous spherical micronucleus, fitting with the macronucleus. Its somatic infraciliature is dense, its buccal infraciliature is characteristic, especially in the shape of peniculus P1. This species cannot be mistaken for O. pectans Mugard(2) although it is rather near it. O. mucosa is a very small Ophryoglene. The theront has one thick elliptical macronucleus, one small micronucleus; the buccal orifice is not kidney-shaped, but quite pointed in front; there is no tragus; the somatic infraciliature is not close; the peniculus P1 is characteristic. The tomont is ellipsoidal and surrounded by a thick mucous gangue. The tomites are not close together. O. mucosa is very different from O. gelifera and O. pectans Mugard(2). O. multimicronucleata. Near to O. polymicrocaryon Mugard(2), this Ophryoglene differs from it by the small size of all its vegetative elements and especially by its nuclear-apparatus. The latter includes numerous (5 to 6) bulky spherical micronuclei and one macronucleus looking like blackpudding which can be compared to that of O. singularis Canella and Trinchas(1). The theront is spindle-shaped and of a dark-grey colour. The spherical tomont secretes a mucous gangue which is not very thick. Besides, the somatic infraciliature and buccal in fraciliature of the theront (peniculus P1 especially) make O. multi micronucleata quite distinct from O. polymicrocaryon Mugard(2).     

Operculate Discomycetes from Rana (Norway) 4. Octospora hygrohypnophila, Peziza prosthetica and Scutellinia mirabilis spp. nov.

Octospora hygrohypnophila, Peziza prosthetica , and Scutellinia mirabilis ssp. nov. are described from Rana, Norway. O. hygrohypnophila is compared with O. wrightii (Berk. & Curt.) Moravec, O. moravecii Khare and O. melina (Vel.) Dennis & It–zerott, the latter being new to Norway. P. prosthetica is compared with P. apiculata Cooke and P. thozetii Berk. The typification of O. wrightii is discussed.     

Light generation with Fenton's reagent. Its relationship to granulocyte chemiluminescence.

A simple chemical system consisting of FeSO4 and H2O2 (Fenton's reagent) was shown to emit light (chemiluminescence). The addition of tryptophan to the reaction markedly enhanced light production. Very little chemiluminescence was observed when H2O2 was omitted from the reaction and when ferric, instead of ferrous, ions were used. Hydroxyl radical (OH.) and singlet oxygen (1 deltagO2) quenchers suppressed chemiluminescence of the FeSO4 + tryptophan + H2O2 system; and, deuterium oxide (2H2O) enhanced chemiluminescence of both FeSO4 reactions. These observations suggest that a radical chain reaction involving both OH. and 1 deltag O2 is responsible for the chemiluminescent reactions. Six iron-containing proteins, some of which are located within granulocytes, all emitted light in the presence of H2O2. Since iron and H2O2 are present in metabolically stimulated granulocytes, it is likely that chemiluminescent reactions similar to the ones demonstrated in this study account for part of the chemiluminescence of activated granulocytes.     

狭义小奥德蘑属（膨瑚菌科,蘑菇目）的一个新系统

本文对狭义小奥德蘑属Oudemansiella s. str.的概念做了修订,在修订后的属中,狭义干蘑属Xerula s. str.的物种不纳入其中。在狭义小奥德蘑属下,提出了一个包含4个组O. sect. Oudemansiella、Mucidula、Dactylosporina 和 Radicatae的新系统。小奥德蘑组sect. Oudemansiella包括热带至南温带的一些物种,如新热带小奥德蘑O. platensis、澳洲小奥德蘑O. australis、旧热带小奥德蘑O. canarii和宽褶小奥德蘑O. crassifolia,这些物种的菌盖表皮为粘栅栏型,由菌丝组成,但其中常夹杂有链状排列的膨大细胞。粘蘑组sect. Mucidula包含北半球温带至亚热带的一些物种,如粘小奥德蘑O. mucida、网褶小奥德蘑O. venosolamellata和近粘小奥德蘑O. submucida,其菌盖表皮为粘子实层-栅栏型,由近棒状的顶端膨大细胞组成。小奥德蘑组和粘蘑组的物种,在外形和小生境上有相似之处,其担子果皆生于地表外的腐木上,菌柄上有或无菌环。刺孢组sect. Dactylosporina包含中南美洲那些孢子表面有指状凸起的物种。长根组sect. Radicatae由长根小奥德蘑O. radicata及其近缘种为代表,是该属中最大的组,包括该属其他三组之外的所有种。北美的O. americana、欧洲的O. caussei 和东亚的O. hongoi曾被置于小奥德蘑属中的白毛组O. sect. Albotomentosae或干蘑属的亮毛组X. sect. Hyalosetae,在本系统中它们没有纳入小奥德蘑属,因为它们可能代表一个单独的属。本文还提出了1新等级、32个新组合和1个新名称。