突变型hTNFα重组体的构建及其在真核细胞中的表达

选择一种高效低毒的ｈＴＮＦαｃＤＮＡ突变体为目的基因,以质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３１（＋）为载体,构建了ｈＴＮＦα重组体ｐｃＤＮＡ３１（＋）－ｈＴＮＦα。经限制性内切酶分析证实了重组体结构的正确性,用ＤＮＡ－磷酸钙共沉淀法将重组体导入鼠成纤维细胞ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３中,测其瞬时表达,证明重组体有表达突变型ｈＴＮＦα蛋白的功能。突变型ｈＴＮＦα表达质粒的成功构建,为其应用于肿瘤的基因治疗提供了前提     

3种人肿瘤坏死因子衍生物的研制

本文在详细分析肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）结构的基础上应用ＰＣＲ技术和基因工程手段改造人ＴＮＦ分子,构建了３种人ＴＮＦ的衍生物。３种人ＴＮＦ衍生物是;Ｎ端缺失７个氨基酸且８、９、１０位的ＰｒｏＳｅｒＡｓｐ改为ＡｒｇＬｙｓＡｒｇ的ＴＮＦ（简写为ｈＴＮＦＤ１）：Ｃ端１５７位Ｌｅｕ改为Ｐｈｅ的ＴＮＦ（简写为ｈＴＮＦＤ２）;Ｎ端和Ｃ端同时作上述改变的ＴＮＦ（简写为ｈＴＮＦＤ３）。这３种衍生物在大肠杆菌中均获得较高表述,它们对Ｌ９２９细胞的细胞毒活性较重组天然人ＴＮＦ有很大升高,尤其是ｈＴＮＦＤ１和ｈＴＮＦＤ３,升高达３个数量级。文中对３种衍生物活性升高的原因作了分析。     

乙肝病毒表面抗原preS1与人肿瘤坏死因子α融合基因的表达

用ＰＣＲ法获得了ＨＢｓＡｇｐｒｅＳ１（１－６５）肽段基因,将该基因融合在肿瘤坏死因子（ｈＴＮＦα）之后,插入表达载体ＰＳＢ－９２中,使融合基因的５′端直接置于大肠肝菌ＰＬ启动子下游,采用３０℃培养,４２℃诱导,获得了ＴＮＦ与ｐｒｅＳ１（１－６５）融合蛋白的表达产物。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳显示表达产物为２５ｋＤ,约占细菌总蛋白的３５％。表达产物经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ验证,能分别特异地与ｈＴＮＦα抗体与ｐｒｅＳ１抗体结合,稀释复性后,该融合蛋白还具有ＴＮＦ的生理功能（对Ｌ９２９细胞的细胞毒活性）。经ＤＮＡ序列测定,ｐｒｅＳ１（１－６５）肽基因正确地融合在ｈＴＮＦα基因之后。该结果提供了一种制备ｐｒｅＳ１的新方法,为进一步开展治疗肝癌和乙肝的导向药物打下基础。     

hTNF受体在BHK细胞中的表达及其与hTNF—α的相互作用

将两种人肿瘤坏死因子（ｈＴＮＦ）受体ｈＴＮＦＲ５５和ｈＴＮＦＲ７５基因分别克隆到表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３、ｐＤＲ２以及ｐＸＪ４１中,以脂质体介导的方法转染ＢＨＫ细胞,用［１２５Ｉ］ＴＮＦα筛选出阳性克隆,并进一步鉴定了表达两种ｈＴＮＦＲｓ的细胞株;反转录（ＲＴ）ＰＣＲ和ＥＬＩＳＡ结果表明两种ｈＴＮＦＲｓ在ＲＮＡ转录和蛋白质合成水平均获得了表达。但ｈＴＮＦα不能引发这些细胞株的细胞毒活性;结合野生型ｈＴＮＦα及其突变体Ｒ２Ｋ的细胞毒活性和体内毒性的测定结果,利用这些细胞株进一步测定了突变体ｈＴＮＦαＲ２Ｋ和野生型ｈＴＮＦα分别与两种受体的竞争结合活性,从而为两种受体以及ｈＴＮＦα的结构和功能研究的进一步深入奠定了一定的基础。     

秦艽体细胞愈伤组织诱导及继代研究

本文报道了秦艽取叶、幼苗为外植体诱导愈伤组织试验。结果表明,取幼苗６７－Ⅴ培养基,２４－Ｄ２５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＡＡ０５ｍｇ／Ｌ,诱导频率最优,可高达１００％。继代培养,以６７％培养基,ＮＡＡ０５ｍｇ／Ｌ,２４－Ｄ（１－１５）ｍｇ／Ｌ最优     

利用恒溶氧．补料分批技术高密度培养大肠杆菌生产重组人骨形成蛋白-2A

对表达人骨形成蛋白２Ａ（ＢＭＰ２Ａ）的重组大肠杆菌ＹＫ５３７／ｐＤＨＢ２ｍ在５００ｍｌ摇瓶中进行了培养条件的摸索实验,继后用５Ｌ自控发酵罐进行分批培养和分批补料培养,以获取ｒｈＢＭＰ２Ａ。两种培养方式结果比较表明,在培养过程中保持３０％～４０％左右的溶解氧和限制性流加葡萄糖可以使ＢＭＰ２Ａ的含量达到２７８ｇ／Ｌ,最终菌体密度为ＯＤ６００５３（相当于干菌２１２ｇ／Ｌ）,重组蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白的２５％。该培养技术的关键是：（１）在培养过程中保持适当的溶解氧;（２）限制性流加葡萄糖;（３）４２℃起始诱导的时间控制在对数生长中期,持续表达时间为４ｈ;（４）细菌持续生长的比生长速率控制在０３ｈ１左右。     

SAPGTP和PG为接头的5'IL6-TNFα衍生物融合蛋白

通过计算机模拟比较十种理论上柔性较好的接头在 ５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ融合蛋白中对 Ｉ Ｌ ６ 和 Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ空间结构的影响情况,从中选择了 Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ接头．以 Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ 作为接头的 ５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ和以 Ｐ Ｇ 为接头的５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ空间结构预测结果相似． Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 序列分析两种蛋白的接头序列均与设计的一致．５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ和 ５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ蛋白的大肠杆菌表达产物经初步分离、纯化及鉴定后,生物学活性及对高表达 Ｉ Ｌ ６ 受体肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用比较结果显示：在 Ｌ９２９细胞上,前者的生物学活性是后者的 ２７ 倍;在 Ｕ９３７ 细胞上,前者对肿瘤细胞的抑制率是后者的１３ 倍．它们对高表达 Ｉ Ｌ ６ 受体的 Ｕ９３７ 细胞杀伤作用分别是同样突变位点的人 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆα衍生物的３７ 和 ２９ 倍．实验表明, Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ作为接头构建的 ５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ融合蛋白优于以 Ｐ Ｇ 作为接头构建的 ５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ融合蛋白．     

人IL-2/IFNα2b融合基因在肝癌细胞中靶向表达

 根据细胞因子之间协同作用的特点,采用重组 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 技术设计并构建了人 Ｉ Ｌ ２ 与 Ｉ Ｆ Ｎα融合基因,并用肝癌组织特异的 Ａ Ｆ Ｐ增强子／ Ａ Ｌ Ｂ启动子调控融合基因在肝癌细胞中的靶向表达．实验结果表明,克隆的 Ｅ Ａ Ｆ Ｐ Ｐ Ａ Ｌ Ｂ联合转录调控序列能调控细胞因子基因在 Ａ Ｆ Ｐ阳性人肝癌细胞中靶向表达, Ｉ Ｌ ２／ Ｉ Ｆ Ｎα２ｂ 融合基因的表达水平与感染肝癌细胞的 Ａ Ｆ Ｐ表达水平呈正相关性．实验证明表达的融合蛋白具有 Ｉ Ｌ ２ 和 Ｉ Ｆ Ｎ 两种生物学活性的细胞因子．这可能为肝癌基因治疗开辟新途径．     

高密度发酵生产突变型重组人肿瘤坏死因子rhTNFα-DK2的研究

通过对发酵基质和发酵关键参数的优化,确定了发酵培养基的磷酸盐浓度为０．１５Ｍ,甘油浓度为１．２ｍｌ／Ｌ,补料中甘油浓度为２０ｍｌ／Ｌ,发酵过程中溶解氧控制在３０％～６０％,ｐＨ控制在６．８５左右。在５Ｌ在ＮＢＳ－Ｂｉｏｆｌｏ３０００型自动控制发酵罐中采取加速补料的补料分批培养,重组大肠杆菌ＹＫ５３７／ｐＳＢ－ＴＫ经１０ｈ３０°Ｃ培养和５ｈ４２°Ｃ诱导培养,最终密度达到６０ＯＤ６００,ｒｈＴＮＦα－ＤＫ２的表达量占菌体总蛋白的５０％以上,每升发酵液纯化可得到近２ｇ的ｒｈＴＮＦα－ＤＫ２。     

血管紧张素II和阿片肽对Fos蛋白表达的影响

利用抗体免疫沉淀技术研究了血管紧张素ＩＩ,δ受体激动剂和ｋ受体激动剂对大鼠脑组织ｃ－ｆｏｓ原癌基因表达的影响,结果表明,０．１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＡⅡ可显著刺激脑组织中Ｆｏｓ蛋白的表达,０．１μｍｏｌ／ＬＤＰＤＰＥ和０．１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＤＡＰ对Ｆｏｓ蛋白的表达亦有一定的诱导作用。ＡＩＩ与ＤＰＤＰＥ或ＮＤＡＰ共同处理组织,Ｆｏｓ蛋白表达水平低于ＡＩＩ单独诱导的水平,结果表明阿片肽可抑制ＡＩＩ对Ｆｏｓ蛋白     

人肿瘤坏死因子β(hTNFβ)在变铅青链霉菌中的表达研究

以变铅青链霉菌为宿主研究了人INFβ(hTNFβ)的异源表达。应用链霉菌S.VENEZUELAC cbs762.70分泌产生的枯草杆菌蛋白酶抑制剂vsi基因的启动子、表达调控序列和分泌信号肽序列,分别对hTNFβ进行了直接分泌表达、分泌融合表达和胞内表达。将hTNFβ的cDNA分别直接融合于vsi信号肽序列下游2个氨基酸处、vsi全长基因之后以及vsi起始密码子ATG的下游,获得的表达盒分别克隆至链霉菌高拷贝质粒pIJ486,转化Streptomyces lividans TK24,获得了重组菌株S.lividans(pIJ486-hTNFβ),s.LIVIDANS(PIJ486-vsi-hTNFβ)和S.lividans(pIVPA-hTNFβ)。分别对不同的重组菌株进行摇瓶培养,对其培养的上清液和细胞裂解液进行SDS—PAGE和Westen杂交,结果表明：hTNFβ在重组菌株中均获得了表达,且直接分泌产物和胞内表达产物均具有生物学活性。hTNFβ直接分泌表达产物的分子量约为16kDa,NB培养基中培养48h时表达水平约为0．7mg／L。胞内表达产物分子量与对照重组hTNFβ一致(18．7kDa),但随培养时间的延长远步降解为16kDa,NB培养基中培养48h时的表达水平(25．1mg／L)远高于其直接分泌表达水平。     

Identification of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) amino acids crucial for binding to the murine p75 TNF receptor and construction of receptor-selective mutants.

The bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is mediated by two TNF receptors (TNF-Rs), more particularly TNF-RI and TNF-RII. Although human TNF (hTNF) and murine TNF (mTNF) are very homologous, hTNF binds only to mTNF-RI. By measuring the binding of a panel of mTNF/hTNF chimeras to both mTNF-R, we pinpointed the TNF region that mediates the interaction with mTNF-RII. Using site-specific mutagenesis, we identified amino acids 71-73 and 89 as the main interacting residues. Mutein hTNF-S71D/T72Y/H73 Delta/T89E interacts with both types of mTNF-R and is active in CT6 cell proliferation assays mediated by mTNF-RII. Mutein mTNF-D71S/Y72T/Delta 73H/E89T binds to mTNF-RI only and is no longer active on CT6 cells. However, the L929s cytotoxicity of this mutein (an effect mediated by mTNF-RI triggering) was also 100-fold lower than that of wild-type mTNF due to enhanced dissociation during incubation at subnanomolar concentrations. The additional mutation of amino acid 102, resulting in the mutein mTNF-D71S/Y72T/Delta 73H/E89T/P102Q, restored the trimer stability, which led to an enhanced specific activity on L929s cells. Hence the specific activity of a TNF species is governed not only by its receptor binding characteristics but also by its trimer stability after incubation at subnanomolar concentrations. In conclusion, the mutation of TNF amino acids 71-73, 89, and 102 is sufficient to obtain a mTNF mutein selective for mTNF-RI and a hTNF mutein that, unlike wild-type hTNF, also acts on mTNF-RII.     

Species specificity of human and murine tumor necrosis factor. A comparative study of tumor necrosis factor receptors

Recombinant murine and human tumor necrosis factor (mTNF and hTNF, respectively) were radioiodinated to high specific activity using a solid-phase lactoperoxidase method. A single class of high affinity receptors for 125I-TNF was identified on TNF-sensitive murine L cells and human HeLa S2 cells. Competitive radioligand binding assays were used to study the species specificity of TNF preparations. Unlabeled hTNF competed 30-fold less effectively than mTNF for binding to L cell receptors, whereas mTNF competed to approximately the same extent as hTNF for binding to HeLa cell receptors. A similar species specificity was observed in cytotoxicity assays; hTNF was more cytotoxic for HeLa cells than mTNF. Conversely, mTNF was more growth inhibitory and cytotoxic for L cells than hTNF. mTNF. and hTNF.receptor complexes were compared by gel filtration chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before and after cross-linking with bis[2-(succinimidooxycarbonyloxy)ethyl]sulfone (BSOCOES). These complexes eluted in gel filtration at a position corresponding to a globular protein of 350,000 Mr. Gel autoradiographs of the fractions containing cross-linked complexes showed bands of 95,000 and 75,000 Mr as well as small amounts of higher Mr bands. mTNF and hTNF treated with BSOCOES formed cross-linked dimers and trimers. Therefore, we were unable to determine whether the 95,000 and 75,000 Mr bands represented two distinct subunits of receptors or one subunit to which either a dimer or a monomer of TNF was cross-linked. These results demonstrate species specificity in the TNF-receptor interaction. In addition, the affinity labeling studies in two species give an identical pattern for the TNF X receptor complexes, suggesting that the receptors have similar subunit composition.     

An extensive phenotypic characterization of the hTNFα transgenic mice

Background

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is implicated in a wide variety of pathological and physiological processes, including chronic inflammatory conditions, coronary artery disease, diabetes, obesity, and cachexia. Transgenic mice expressing human TNFα (hTNFα) have previously been described as a model for progressive rheumatoid arthritis. In this report, we describe extensive characterization of an hTNFα transgenic mouse line.

Results

In addition to arthritis, these hTNFα transgenic mice demonstrated major alterations in body composition, metabolic rate, leptin levels, response to a high-fat diet, bone mineral density and content, impaired fertility and male sexual function. Many phenotypes displayed an earlier onset and a higher degree of severity in males, pointing towards a significant degree of sexual dimorphism in response to deregulated expression of TNFα.

Conclusion

These results highlight the potential usefulness of this transgenic model as a resource for studying the progressive effects of constitutively expressed low levels of circulating TNFα, a condition mimicking that observed in a number of human pathological conditions.     

Expression of synthetic human tumor necrosis factor is toxic to Escherichia coli

The overlap forward-primer-walk polymerase chain reaction method was used to synthesize the human tumor necrosis factor α (hTNF) gene in Escherichia coli cells. Growth curves for hTNF and pET23d vector cultures exhibited slower doubling rates than cultures containing the pET23d vector alone. Cell cultures transformed with hTNF reached peak densities (0.4-0.6 OD₆₀₀) 3 to 4 h post-induction, then decreased prior to growth recovery. This inhibition occurred in the BL21DE3 strain of E. coli, whereas no inhibition of growth and no expression of hTNF were observed in the JM109 strain of E. coli containing hTNF. Induced hTNF cultures hyperexpressed the hTNF-histidine fusion protein for the first 3 to 4 h of induction; subsequently, growth retardation was observed. Hyperexpression and continuous growth were observed in the extracellular expression system. Electron microscopy revealed that accumulation of hTNF inclusion bodies was apparent only in the intracellular expression system — no accumulation was observed with regard to the secretory system. The hTNF-pET23d vector was purified from cells expressing the fusion protein and from cells with recovered growth curves. Sequencing of the vector demonstrated the complete hTNF gene and T7 promoter in cells expressing the fusion protein and mutations of the T7 promoter site from recovered cells.     

呼吸商监控毕赤酵母表达猪α干扰素活性水平的研究

在5L发酵罐下开展毕赤酵母流加培养表达pIFN-α研究。通过多批次研究,结果表明：诱导阶段,RQ稳定情况可以作为反映底物甲醇浓度水平是否合适以及pIFN-α活性高低的监控指标。当甲醇浓度在8～12g/L水平时,RQ在整个诱导阶段能稳定在0.4～0.5之间某个特定值上,同时pIFN-α最高活性都能维持在106IU/mL水平上;而当甲醇浓度在0～5g/L或15～20g/L范围内时,RQ很不稳定,分别在0.15～0.4和0.4～0.8区间上下振动,相应的pIFN-α最高活性也只在10^3IU/mL和10^4IU/mL水平上。     

基因工程TNF菌种稳定性观察

对重组的ｐＲＬ－ｈＴＮＦ／Ｊｍ１０３工程菌菌种按规程进行了５０代传代，并进行了一系列检测，结果表明：我们目前所用的工程菌经５０代传代后，用还原型ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳其表达量占菌体蛋白的７．８～８％，生物学活性为７．８×１０５－１．７×１０６ＩＵ／ｍｌ，与原代菌种基本一致。一般生物学性状如革兰氏染色及质粒内切酶图谱与原始菌种无变异。电镜检查经传代的工程菌与原始菌种形态一致，菌体内部结构相同，无支原体、病毒样颗粒及其它微生物污染。     

重组人纤溶酶原基因的酵母表达、产物纯化及鉴定

目的: 研究重组人纤溶酶原丝氨酸蛋白酶结构域（rhPLG-SP）的酵母表达、纯化及理化性质。 方法:采用7.5 L发酵罐对巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)工程菌 rhPLG-SP/GS115 进行高密度培养、甲醇诱导表达rhPLG-SP,培养液经三步纯化：超滤、Sephacryl S-100、SP-Sepharose FF,将活性组分透析后冷冻干燥。等点聚焦电泳、HPLC、质谱分别检测 rhPLG-SP等电点、纯度和分子量;纤维蛋白平板、肽底物S-2403 分别测定 rhPLG-SP激活后的纤维蛋白溶解和酰胺水解活性。结果: 7.5 L高密度发酵可获得约为400mg/L培液的表达量,经三步纯化后制备的rhPLG-SP纯度大于96%。理化分析显示 rhPLG-SP的等电点为7.5~7.8,分子量：27 877 Da,比活性：23.6U/mg。结论: 初步建立了rhPLG-SP酵母工程菌的高密度培养、表达及纯化工艺,所制备半成品活性与血浆提取的PLG相近,具备放大生产和应用的潜力。     

抗人肿瘤坏死因子-α单链抗体与其配体的相互作用

为了在大肠杆菌中表达纯化抗人 TNF- α单链抗体并检测其结合活性与中和活性 .利用GST融合蛋白系统在大肠杆菌中表达抗人 TNF- α单链抗体 E6Sc Fv;分离包含体后进行变性和复性 ,再用亲和层析法进行纯化 ;用 ELISA法和酵母双杂交系统检测 E6Sc Fv与配体的结合 ;用 L92 9细胞检测 E6Sc Fv对人 TNF- α细胞毒作用的中和活性 .经变性 ,复性与亲和层析 ,E6Sc Fv被纯化 ,在 SDS- PAGE上为单一蛋白带 ;体外结合与中和实验表明 ,表达纯化的 E6Sc Fv可与人 TNF-α结合并中和其细胞毒活性 ;进一步用酵母双杂交系统证明当表达于细胞内时 ,E6Sc Fv仍保持了与TNF-α相结合的能力 .