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1.
趋磁细菌磁小体研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
趋磁细菌能在细胞内形成由膜包裹的纳米级单畴磁性颗粒——磁小体。磁小体的形成是受生物严格控制的矿化过程,包括铁离子的吸收、转运和结晶成核等。磁小体膜在磁铁矿(Fe3O4)晶体的形成中起着重要的作用。主要介绍近年来关于磁小体形成过程和参与这一过程的蛋白质等方面的一些重要研究进展。  相似文献   

2.
趋磁细菌研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
趋磁细菌的研究在我国起步较晚,也少见有相关报道,本文主要介绍国内外这一领域的研究进展,并提到了趋磁细菌在食品检测中的应用,旨在促进国内此工作的开展,以便更好的开发利用这一新的环境微生物资源,为食品检测方法的快速化多样化奠定基础。  相似文献   

3.
何世颖  顾宁 《生物磁学》2006,6(1):19-21
趋磁性细菌是一种由于体内含有对磁场具有敏感性的磁小体,而能够沿着磁力线运动的特殊细菌,本文综述了趋磁细菌的分布、分类、特性、磁小体研究以及趋磁细菌在生物导航方面的研究进展.  相似文献   

4.
趋磁细菌可在环境中吸收大量铁并在细胞内合成纳米级磁性颗粒—磁小体。比较几种趋磁细菌基因组特征,针对磁小体岛及与磁小体合成相关基因功能特点等方面,综述了当前磁小体合成机制的研究进展。  相似文献   

5.
趋磁细菌的磁小体   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
趋磁细菌是一类对磁场有趋向性反应的细菌,其菌体能吸收外界环境中铁元素并在体内合成包裹有膜的纳米磁性颗粒Fe3O4或Fe3O3S4晶体即磁小体。综述了趋磁细菌的磁小体生物矿化的条件,以及趋磁细菌的铁离子吸收、磁小体囊泡的形成、铁离子的转运到磁小体囊泡及囊泡中受控的Fe3O4生物矿化的分子生物学和生物化学等方面的研究进展,重点介绍了趋磁细菌磁小体合成机制的研究进展及未来研究磁小体的发展方向。  相似文献   

6.
趋磁性细菌是一种由于体内含有对磁场具有敏感性的磁小体,而能够沿着磁力线运动的特殊细菌,本文综述了趋磁细菌的分布、分类、特性、磁小体研究以及趋磁细菌在生物导航方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

7.
趋磁细菌能在细胞内形成由膜包裹的纳米级单畴磁性颗粒——磁小体。磁小体的形成是受生物严格控制的矿化过程,包括铁离子的吸收、转运和结晶成核等。磁小体膜在磁铁矿(Fe3O4)晶体的形成中起着重要的作用。主要介绍近年来关于磁小体形成过程和参与这一过程的蛋白质等方面的一些重要研究进展。  相似文献   

8.
介绍了趋磁细菌的基本概念及研究状况,综述了海洋趋磁细菌的研究进展,着重总结了深海趋磁细菌的研究成果及现状,展望了深海大洋和海山生态环境中趋磁细菌的研究意义及前景,为海洋趋磁细菌研究提供借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

9.
生物矿化是生命体系中的一种重要而又特殊的生理过程.生命体中存在着各种各样的生物矿化产物,从生物体骨骼与牙齿到纳米级的金属氧化物都是生物矿化的产物.生物矿化与普通矿化的最大不同就是其反应过程中有生物分子、生物代谢、细胞以及有机基质的参与.多种生物因素参与的矿化反应,不仅反应条件温和,而且反应产物具有更好的材料性能和生物兼...  相似文献   

10.
细菌的运动性是影响其生存及致病的一个关键条件,同时也为合成和开发仿生运动体、微型机器人等提供了有效的模型.趋磁细菌具有胞内磁小体从而能够感知磁场的变化,进而影响其运动行为.目前,这种外部磁场与生物体的远程响应模式已在环境、医疗、材料等领域有广泛应用.因此,聚焦于趋磁细菌的运动特性,综述了趋磁细菌运动行为的表征、运动机理...  相似文献   

11.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Specialized predators on polychaetes, fishes, hemichordates or other molluscs, members of the predominantly tropical gastropod genus Conus diversified rapidly during the Miocene to constitute the most species-rich modern marine genus. We used DNA sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear loci of 76 Conus species to generate species-level phylogenetic hypotheses for this genus and then mapped known diets onto the phylogenies to elucidate the origins and evolutionary histories of different feeding specializations. The results indicate that dramatically new feeding modes arose only a few times, that the most derived feeding modes likely arose in the Miocene, and that much of the known diversity of Conus that was generated during Miocene radiations has survived to the present.  相似文献   

12.
好氧氨氧化菌的种群生态学研究进展   总被引:20,自引:1,他引:20       下载免费PDF全文
好氧氨氧化菌是一类能够在好氧条件下将NH4^+转化为NO2^-的化能无机自养型细菌,其活动将直接或间接影响土壤养分循环、水体富营养化、温室气体(N2O)和生态系统的功能。现代分子生物学技术的发展促进了人们对好氧氨氧化菌种群生态学的研究。介绍了近年来基于16SrRNA和氨单加氧酶amoA基因序列分析的好氧氨氧化菌的系统发育研究,比较了两种基因序列分析在好氧氨氧化菌遗传多样性研究中存在的差异;概述了环境条件诸如铵浓度、酸度、氧的可利用性、温度、盐度等对好氧氨氧化菌种类、数量及其种群生态分布的影响;阐述了好氧氨氧化菌对铵、氧饥饿的响应特征及其在酸性环境中的生存机制;并对今后好氧氨氧化菌的应用生态学研究及其主要方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

13.
【目的】初步探究海洋线虫与微生物的相互作用对碳、氮循环的影响。【方法】利用16S r RNA和18S r RNA基因高通量测序方法,对33个近岸沉积物样品中细菌、古菌和真核生物的多样性进行调查;对海洋线虫与细菌、海洋线虫与古菌的共现性进行网络分析,并采用Spearman统计学方法,识别出与海洋线虫共现性呈显著相关性的微生物种类。【结果】在夏季,红树林和潮间带泥滩样品中线虫OTU平均相对丰度基本呈随深度增加而递减趋势;冬季的红树林样品中发现相类似变化规律,只有在冬季潮间带泥滩样品中线虫OTU平均相对丰度在深层较高于表层。相对丰度最高的海洋线虫隶属于单宫目(47%)、色矛目(19%)、刺嘴目(16%)和垫刃目(9%),它们与热源体古菌、深古菌、γ-和δ-变形菌等微生物有显著正/负相关关系。【结论】在香港米埔湿地沉积物中,与相对丰度最高的5种线虫显著相关的几大类微生物均在碳、氮、硫等元素循环方面起十分重要的作用,暗示海洋线虫与微生物潜在的相互作用对元素地球化学循环具有重要影响。研究结果有助于深入了解线虫在生态系统中未被揭示的生态功能,有助于更清晰地认识海洋线虫在底栖生态系统中所扮演的角色。  相似文献   

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The study of ecosystem processes over multiple scales of space and time is often best achieved using comparable data from multiple sites. Yet, long‐term ecological observatories have often developed their own data collection protocols. Here, we address this problem by proposing a set of ecological protocols suitable for widespread adoption by the ecological community. Scientists from the European ecological research community prioritized terrestrial ecosystem parameters that could benefit from a more consistent approach to data collection within the resources available at most long‐term ecological observatories. Parameters for which standard methods are in widespread use, or for which methods are evolving rapidly, were not selected. Protocols were developed by domain experts, building on existing methods where possible, and refined through a process of field testing and training. They address above‐ground plant biomass; decomposition; land use and management; leaf area index; soil mesofaunal diversity; soil C and N stocks, and greenhouse gas emissions from soils. These complement existing methods to provide a complete assessment of ecological integrity. These protocols offer integrated approaches to ecological data collection that are low cost and are starting to be used across the European Long Term Ecological Research community.  相似文献   

16.
         下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》1958,44(5):475
Due to huge consumption of fossil fuels and chemical fertilizers, substantial amount of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (N) has been released into the environment. Therefore, N deposition has gradually increased worldwide and become one of the most important issues of global change. China has been a N deposition hotspot, and N deposition is projected to last long duration, which poses serious threats to ecosystem stability and functionality. In this synthesis paper, we summarized the impacts of N deposition on aboveground vegetation, soil microorganisms and biogeochemical cycling of major elements (carbon, N and phosphorus) in terrestrial ecosystems by outlining the progresses in the research field during the past 40 years. Results indicate that the accumulation of reactive N compounds induced by N deposition alters the soil environment, ecological stoichiometric balance and species co-occurrence patterns, thereby changing biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The rates, forms and duration of N deposition and the homeostasis of biosystem together with abiotic environments determine the direction and extent of the ecosystem response to N deposition. Through analysing local and foreign studies in this research area, we explore the weaknesses of relevant research that are being conducted in China. To advance the basic research on and risk management of N deposition, we propose the establishment of a N deposition monitoring and research network across the country with consideration of different ecosystems to promote regional and global risk assessments. Future research should highlight the combined multiple factors with N deposition and conduct direct and in-depth mechanism studies.  相似文献   

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An extensive culture-dependent and -independent study was conducted to identify microorganisms contributing to the biogeochemical cycling of manganese (Mn) in Ashumet Pond, a freshwater pond in Massachusetts currently undergoing remediation. A variety of bacteria (including Gamma-, Beta-, and Alpha-proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroides) and Ascoymete fungi were isolated from the pond that promote Mn(II) oxidation and subsequent formation of Mn(III/IV) oxide minerals. Targeted-amplicon pyrosequencing of the bacterial and fungal communities associated with Mn oxide-encrusted samples show a highly diverse microbial community, of which the cultured phylotypes represent a minor proportion. This suggests a larger community, not identified through culturing, contributes to Mn oxide formation within the Pond.  相似文献   

20.
Gorlenko  V. M. 《Microbiology》2004,73(5):541-550
The tendencies in the study of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (APB) are considered in the review in the historical aspect, from the discovery of APB till the present day. The contribution made by the researchers of the Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, to the study of the phylogeny, ecology, and morphophysiological diversity of APB is noted. At present, molecular biological approaches play a decisive role in ecology and taxonomy. The most important task at the modern stage of the development of microbiology is to maintain the continuity of the historically formed classical approaches in the study of APB diversity.  相似文献   

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