蚯蚓纤溶酶原激活剂的分离纯化及其性质

为了从赤子爱胜蚓中获得主要表现为纤溶酶原激活活性的蛋白酶,采用盐析、离子交换层析、凝胶过滤层析和疏水吸附层析从蚯蚓组织匀浆中纯化出6种具有纤溶活性的酶组分(F1、F2、F3、F4、F5和F6).它们均为单一多肽链;表观分子量分别为28500、29500、26100、26300、14850和32800;经非还原型SDSPAGE和扫描仪扫描,纯度分别为100%、95.2%、96.5%、93.6%、98%和97.8%;等电点(pI)均不高于3;SDSPAGE后,用Schiff试剂染色显示F5为糖蛋白;纯化的6种酶于20℃～50℃保温1h,酶活力基本不变;F1和F2、F3和F4、F5和F6分别在pH4～10、4～11、7～12范围内稳定;水解BAEE试验及纤溶活性抑制试验表明,F6既是丝氨酸蛋白酶,又是含金属离子的蛋白酶,其它5种酶为胰蛋白酶样的丝氨酸蛋白酶;免疫双扩散试验结果初步表明,F1和F5以及它们和其它4种组分之间无共同的抗原决定簇;用纤维蛋白平板法及以ChromozymU和ChromozymPL为底物测定,除F1外,其余5种酶的纤溶酶原激活活性明显强于其直接纤溶活性.     

链霉菌C-3662产生的纤溶活性蛋白酶的纯化与理化性质

 从链霉菌 C- 3662发酵上清液中 ,通过硫酸铵沉淀 ,CM- Sepharose Fast Flow和 Phenyl-Sepharose Fast Flow等层析色谱 ,分离纯化得到了具有纤溶活性的蛋白酶 CGW- 3,反向 HPLC鉴定纯度为 90 % ;每立升发酵上清液可得到 8mg纯品 ,活性回收率 46% ,CGW- 3为一单肽链蛋白 ,分子量 2 2 72 1 ,对丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 PMSF敏感 ,对 EDTA不敏感 ;其 N端 1 5个氨基酸的顺序为 VVGGTRAAQGEFPFM,与微生物来源的胰蛋白酶类丝氨酸蛋白酶有较高的同源性 . CGW- 3的等电点 p I9.0 ,纤溶活性的最适 p H为 7.5～ 8.0 ,对温度比较敏感 .CGW- 3不仅具有直接降解纤维蛋白作用 ,而且能够激活纤溶酶原     

蚯蚓体内一种纤溶酶原激活剂(e-PA)的部分性质研究

从赤子爱胜蚓（Ｅｉｓｅｎｉａｆａｅｔｉｄａ）中纯化出的一种纤溶酶原激活剂（ｅ－ＰＡ）在纤维蛋白平板上可表现出三种活性,分别记为：ＣＦＰｇ,ｕＣＦＰｇ和ｕＣＦ．为更好了解各种活性与ｅ－ＰＡ的纤溶能力的关系,考察了在ＳＤＳ和不同抑制剂存在下各种活性的变化．结果表明,ＳＤＳ可以增强ＣＦＰｇ活性且使得ｅ－ＰＡ变得对一些抑制剂更敏感;ｌｅｕｐｅｐｔｉｎ,ｃｈｙｍｏｓｔａｔｉｎ,ｐｅｐｓｔａｔｉｎ,ａｐｒｏ－ｔｉｎｉｎ,ｐｈｅｎｙｌｍｅｔｈｙｌｓｕｌｆｏｎｙｌｆｌｕｏｒｉｄｅ（ＰＭＳＦ）和ｄｉｔｈｉｏｔｈｒｅｉｔｏｌ（ＤＴＴ）对ｕＣＦ没有影响;ｐｅｐ－ｓｔａｔｉｎ能增强ＣＦＰｇ和ｕＣＦＰｇ活性,Ｅ－６４（一种巯基抑制剂）能增强ｕＣＦＰｇ和ｕＣＦ活性．这些现象说明不能简单将ｅ－ＰＡ归结为丝氨酸蛋白酶或巯基蛋白酶．此外又以纤溶酶原为底物,分析了ｅ－ＰＡ在体外降解天然蛋白质的肽键特异性,结果表明：ｅ－ＰＡ可以切割碱性氨基酸,小的中性氨基酸及Ｍｅｔ的羧基端,同时ｅ－ＰＡ确能将纤溶酶原切割为纤溶酶;这一结论为ｅ－ＰＡ有可能成为新型溶栓药物提供了生化基础．     

重组人纤溶酶原基因的酵母表达、产物纯化及鉴定

目的: 研究重组人纤溶酶原丝氨酸蛋白酶结构域（rhPLG-SP）的酵母表达、纯化及理化性质。 方法:采用7.5 L发酵罐对巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)工程菌 rhPLG-SP/GS115 进行高密度培养、甲醇诱导表达rhPLG-SP,培养液经三步纯化：超滤、Sephacryl S-100、SP-Sepharose FF,将活性组分透析后冷冻干燥。等点聚焦电泳、HPLC、质谱分别检测 rhPLG-SP等电点、纯度和分子量;纤维蛋白平板、肽底物S-2403 分别测定 rhPLG-SP激活后的纤维蛋白溶解和酰胺水解活性。结果: 7.5 L高密度发酵可获得约为400mg/L培液的表达量,经三步纯化后制备的rhPLG-SP纯度大于96%。理化分析显示 rhPLG-SP的等电点为7.5~7.8,分子量：27 877 Da,比活性：23.6U/mg。结论: 初步建立了rhPLG-SP酵母工程菌的高密度培养、表达及纯化工艺,所制备半成品活性与血浆提取的PLG相近,具备放大生产和应用的潜力。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂大规模纯化及部分性质的研究

收集产重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｒｔ－ＰＡ）的ＣＨＯ工程细胞灌流培养上清,经过Ｓｔｒｅａｍｌｉｎｅ扩张柱床和赖氨酸－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ柱亲和吸附色谱纯化后,最后产品的比性达到６０００００ＩＵ／ｍｇ蛋白,ｒｔ－ＰＡ总活性回收率在９８％左右,经还原ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析主要为高相对分了质量ｒｔ－ＰＡ蛋白,ＨＰＬＣ分析达到色谱纯,Ｎ端１５个氨基酸序列和ｐＩ与献报道的一致。蛋白质印迹实验证实具有ｔ－Ｐ     

一种新型蚯蚓纤溶酶的部分性质研究

为获得一种高效的溶栓药物。从赤子爱胜蚓(Eiseniafoelida)中分离纯化得到了一种纤溶酶组分。用Lowry法测定蛋白质浓度,SDSPAGE鉴定纯度为98%,表观相对分子质量(Mr)为14850,纤维蛋白平板法测定其总纤溶活性为65.51×103mm2/mg,直接纤溶活性为15.61×103mm2/mg,间接纤溶活性为26.34×103mm2/mg。水解BAEE的米氏常数(Km)为1.82×105mol/L。水解ChromozymPL的米氏常数(Km)3.98×105mol/L,水解ChromozymtPA的米氏常数(Km)5.55×105mol/L活性,N端氨基酸序列测定的结果为VIGGTNAIPGEFPYQ。结果表明该纤溶酶分子量较小,间接活性较高,适宜作为一种新型的溶栓药物。     

Tissue-type plasminogen activator rescues neurones from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis through a mechanism independent of its proteolytic activity

Although the mechanism of action of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in excitotoxic necrosis is well documented, whether this serine protease can influence the apoptotic cascade remains a subject of debate. Here, we report that tPA protects cultured cortical neurones against apoptotic cell death induced by serum deprivation, an effect associated with a reduction of caspase-3 activation. Interestingly, blocking tPA proteolytic activity by either tPA stop or neuroserpin did not prevent this neuroprotection. Similarly, prevention of the interaction between tPA and its receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) could not alter tPA anti-apoptotic activity. Interestingly, the survival-promoting effect of tPA was blocked by the phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase inhibitor, LY294002, but not by the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor, U0126. In conclusion, the present demonstration of an anti-apoptotic effect of tPA, independent of its enzymatic activity, reveals an additional level of complexity in our understanding of this critical mediator of brain physiology and pathology.     

Tissue-type plasminogen activator requires a co-receptor to enhance NMDA receptor function

Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter of the CNS. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is recognized as a modulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission. This attribute is exemplified by its ability to potentiate calcium signaling following activation of the glutamate-binding NMDA receptor (NMDAR). It has been hypothesized that tPA can directly cleave the NR1 subunit of the NMDAR and thereby potentiate NMDA-induced calcium influx. In contrast, here we show that this increase in NMDAR signaling requires tPA to be proteolytically active, but does not involve cleavage of the NR1 subunit or plasminogen. Rather, we demonstrate that enhancement of NMDAR function by tPA is mediated by a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family. Hence, this study proposes a novel functional relationship between tPA, the NMDAR, a LDLR and an unknown substrate which we suspect to be a serpin. Interestingly, whilst tPA alone failed to cleave NR1, cell-surface NMDARs did serve as an efficient and discrete proteolytic target for plasmin. Hence, plasmin and tPA can affect the NMDAR via distinct avenues. Altogether, we find that plasmin directly proteolyses the NMDAR whilst tPA functions as an indirect modulator of NMDA-induced events via LDLR engagement.     

Modification by the tissue plasminogen activator-plasmin system of morphine-induced dopamine release and hyperlocomotion, but not anti-nociceptive effect in mice

The extracellular serine protease tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) that converts plasminogen into plasmin is abundantly expressed throughout the central nervous system. We have recently demonstrated that the tPA-plasmin system participates in the rewarding and locomotor-stimulating effects of morphine by acutely regulating morphine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In the present study, we examined the effects of microinjections of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tPA or plasmin into the NAc on morphine-induced dopamine release, hyperlocomotion and anti-nociceptive effects in ICR mice. A single morphine treatment resulted in an increase in protein levels of PAI-1 in the NAc. Microinjection of PAI-1 into the NAc dose-dependently reduced morphine-induced dopamine release and hyperlocomotion. In contrast, microinjection of tPA into the NAc significantly potentiated morphine-induced dopamine release and hyperlocomotion without affecting basal levels. Furthermore, microinjection of plasmin enhanced morphine-induced dopamine release, but did not modify the hyperlocomotion induced by morphine. The intracerebroventricular injection of PAI-1, tPA and plasmin at high doses had no effect on the anti-nociceptive effects of morphine. These results suggest that the tPA-plasmin system is involved in the regulation of morphine-induced dopamine release and dopamine-dependent behaviors but not the anti-nociceptive effects of morphine.