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1.
某些兰科植物的种子成熟前,在无菌萌发过程中有较高的萌发率,而成熟后萌发率急剧下降。本研究针对这一现象,对三种兜兰属植物种子的发育过程进行了解剖学观察,并对授粉后不同时期的种子进行无菌播种,80d后统计其萌发率,以探究种子发育过程中的解剖学特征与萌发率之间的关系。研究结果表明种胚刚发育到椭球形胚的时候,胚柄尚存,种皮细胞尚未皱缩,此时三种兜兰的萌发率都能达到较高水平,表明这是适合兜兰属植物萌发的最佳时期;此后,种皮开始皱缩,木质素类物质积累导致种皮透水性下降,推测这可能是导致其后期萌发率下降的主要因素之一。  相似文献   

2.
以授粉后不同发育时期的同色兜兰种子为材料,观察其形态特征和萌发过程,并探讨建立同色兜兰高效快繁体系的最佳条件。结果表明,种子发育中后期即授粉后210~240d为较适宜的采收期,授粉后210d的种子萌发率最高(达77.79%);1/4 MS和1/2MS为同色兜兰适宜的基本培养基,添加100mL/L椰乳或1g/L蛋白胨对种子萌发及原球茎生长和分化有明显的促进作用;添加1g/L活性炭对原球茎褐化有一定的抑制作用,但添加剂量不宜过大;添加香蕉汁和苹果汁对同色兜兰种子萌发和原球茎生长分化有抑制作用;暗处理对同色兜兰种子萌发无影响;分化后的原球茎在壮苗和生根培养基上培养120d即可得到4~5片叶、高3~5cm的同色兜兰健壮试管苗。  相似文献   

3.
为了解濒危兰科植物小叶兜兰(Paphiopedilum barbigerum Tang et Wang)胚珠和雌配子体的发育过程,采用常规石蜡切片技术对其果实的生长动态进行了研究。结果表明,授粉后60~75 d的蒴果内种子数量迅速增加,到授粉后120 d时种子充满整个蒴果。授粉后40 d的胎座上分化形成多数由1层表皮细胞包被1列细胞的胚珠原基;授粉后60 d时位于胎座指状结构末端处紧靠表皮细胞下方的孢原细胞分化为大孢子母细胞。之后,大孢子母细胞经过减数分裂和有丝分裂最终形成成熟胚囊;授粉后135 d胚囊发育成熟,附着在胎座上的种子个体分化明显。小叶兜兰胚囊的发育类型为双孢子葱型,胚珠为倒生胚珠,薄珠心,单珠被,成熟胚囊为8核。这为小叶兜兰的生殖生物学及繁殖体系的建立提供理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
陈燕  陈进勇  刘燕  赵世伟 《西北植物学报》2012,32(10):1997-2003
为探讨小叶丁香在北京栽培条件下种子败育的问题,对其胚胎发育过程进行了解剖学观察研究。结果显示:(1)小叶丁香人工异花授粉坐果率为20.37%,天然授粉坐果率为9.13%,人工自花授粉以及去雄套袋授粉均未坐果;各种授粉方式结实率均为0。(2)小叶丁香花药壁发育为基本型,腺质绒毡层,胞质分裂为同时型,小孢子四分体排列方式以四面体型为主,2-胞成熟花粉;倒生胚珠,单珠被,薄珠心,直线型大孢子四分体,胚囊发育为蓼型,核型胚乳,胚发育为紫菀型,先后形成球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶胚;9月1日以后,子叶胚发育停滞,细胞逐渐降解。研究表明,栽培条件下,小叶丁香为异花授粉植物,人工异花授粉可提高植株坐果率,但未获得种子;其大小孢子及雌雄配子体发育、传粉受精过程、胚胎发育初期均正常,但后期发育停止,是小叶丁香引种栽培条件下种子败育的关键环节。  相似文献   

5.
为获得带叶兜兰(Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum)种子萌发的共生真菌,采用原地共生萌发技术获得了2株自然萌发的小幼苗,并分离和筛选出了有效的种子萌发共生菌——瘤菌根菌(Epulorhiza sp.)。为验证分离菌株对带叶兜兰种子萌发的有效性,将Phs34号菌株与带叶兜兰种子在灭菌后的原生境基质上进行室内共生萌发试验,结果表明,经过6周的培养,对照组没有观察到种子的萌发;接菌的种子胚明显膨大,突破种皮,形成原球茎,平均萌发率为(58.35±3.41)%。这表明分离得到的瘤菌根菌能促进带叶兜兰的种子萌发。  相似文献   

6.
鹤顶兰种子萌发及原球茎增殖培养研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以鹤顶兰成熟蒴果的种子为实验材料,研究影响种子非共生萌发的因素和种胚发育途径,并采用正交设计研究了原球茎增殖的影响因素。结果表明:冷藏影响种子的活力且其萌发率随冷藏时间延长而降低;0.5%NaClO溶液浸泡种子可提高萌发率,缩短初始萌发时间;种胚发育途径为种胚转绿后从种子侧面突破种皮而形成原球茎,随后分化出具根芽结构的完整植株;6-BA对原球茎增殖作用显著,原球茎增殖的最适培养基为1/2MS+3.0mg/L6-BA+1.0mg/L KT+1.0mg/L NAA,增殖倍数为6.67。  相似文献   

7.
收集授粉后不同时期报春兜兰栽培品种‘金州报春’的种子,观察种子形态特征和萌发过程,建立了高效快繁体系。试验结果表明种子萌发的最佳培养基RE+O-3nag·L~NAA+0.1mg·L~6-BA+100mL·L-1椰子乳(体积比);授粉162d后的种子萌发率较高并且无白化现象,授粉203d的种子播种后萌发率可达94-33%;分化后的原球茎在壮苗培养基上培养4个月后可得到有5~6片叶、高3~5cm的健壮试管苗。  相似文献   

8.
以去除果皮后阴干的珍稀濒危植物蒜头果种子为材料,在温室大棚沙池内进行层积处理,从层积处理开始至子叶出土的不同萌发阶段,考察蒜头果种子发育形态、贮藏物质积累、酶活性以及幼苗类型等变化特征,初步探讨其种子休眠形成原因。结果显示:(1)蒜头果种子从解除休眠开始至萌发形成幼苗的过程约需195 d,其中幼胚的形态发育后熟约需75 d,随后30 d内是种子集中萌发的时期,其发芽率达到最高(53.33%);依据种胚发育形态的标志特征将此过程划分为7个阶段(S1~S7阶段):S1阶段种子未萌发,S2阶段种胚“露白”,S3阶段胚根突破种皮长超过1 cm, S4阶段下胚轴与胚根连接处形成弯钩结构,S5阶段“S”型胚形成及胚根前端膨大,S6阶段种子不仅具有膨大的胚根且已有侧根的分化,S7阶段子叶脱落,胚芽出土,真叶出现。(2)蒜头果种子在湿沙层积过程中,种胚胚长和胚率从S1阶段的(5.49±1.57)mm和(19.48±5.72)%分别增加至S6阶段的(67.92±2.94)mm和(240.75±15.29)%,胚率平均增加了12.4倍,显示蒜头果种子的胚需要经历后熟过程才能萌发,属于胚后熟型种子。(3)从...  相似文献   

9.
玉米胚发育过程中脱水耐性的变化   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
对离体玉米胚脱水耐性的变化以及不同脱水速率对其脱水耐性的影响进行了研究。授粉后16d的玉米胚能耐轻微脱水,含水量从1.45降低到0.28gH2Og-1DW时胚的萌发率为100%,但含水量低于0.1gH2Og-1DW时胚死亡。胚的脱水耐性随着发育逐渐加强,表现为电解质渗漏速率逐渐降低,萌发率和幼苗干重逐渐增加。授粉后20d胚内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性较高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较低;授粉后24d,这些酶的活性与授粉后20d的正好相反。脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)在种子发育过程中呈下降趋势。不同脱水速率明显地影响胚的脱水耐性:在慢速脱水到含水量0.1~0.18gH2Og-1DW时,胚的萌发率和幼苗干重比快速脱水高,电解质渗漏速率比快速脱水低;在快速脱水条件下胚中的SOD、APX活性和MDA含量也比慢速脱水高;CAT活性的变化不明显。  相似文献   

10.
影响杏黄兜兰种子萌发的因素   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
通过在不同条件下杏黄兜兰 (Paphiopedilumarmeniacum)种子萌发的观察 ,对影响其萌发的诸因子报道如下 :1)果实的生长期与种子的萌发率有关。实验表明种子采自生长期为 6 0d的果实 ,发芽率为 3 5 % ,采自 12 0d的果实 ,发芽率为 4 0 % ,采自 180d的果实 ,发芽率为 18 3%。 2 )培养基也会影响到种子的萌发 ,种子在 1 5MS内培养 ,萌发率明显高于培养于MS ,RE和改良HyponexNo 1内的种子。 3)培养基 (1 5MS)掺入添加物也会影响到种子的萌发率 ,如掺入 10 %椰子水会促使种子的萌发率达到很高的水平 ,掺入马铃薯泥 (5 0g L)或胰化胨 (2g L) ,种子的萌发率会达到较高的水平 ,而掺入香蕉泥则会对种子的萌发率产生负面影响 ,掺入活性炭 (2g L)会促使种子萌发和幼苗发育。 4 )与固态培养基相比 ,种子在液体悬浮培养基内的萌发速度更快 ,幼苗更为整齐划一。  相似文献   

11.
An embryo culture protocol using immature cassava seeds has been developed to enhance successful seed germination and reduce time for population establishment. Embryonic axes were excised from seeds 40 days after pollination and placed on 1/3 MS medium supplemented with growth factors. Fruits were either air-dried at 20 °C to aid dehiscence, or dissected immediately after harvest. Culture of embryonic axes from seeds obtained from mature fruits (90 days after pollination) served as control. Average percent germination and plantlet recovery rate were higher for embryos cultured from non air-dried immature seeds than from air-dried immature seeds. Immature seeds that were air-dried before germination had ≥50% reduction in germination rate and ≥75% reduction in plantlet recovery rate, indicating that cassava immature zygotic embryos are susceptible to osmotic pressure changes. Genotypic effects were observed in shoot elongation, formation of internodes, and vigor of cultures from both mature and immature seeds. The high percentage of plants recovered from immature seeds through embryo culture opens up opportunities for genetic stock development in cassava that has been previously unexplored. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

12.
13.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many Orchidaceous species are threatened globally by development and over-collection from their natural habitats for horticultural purposes. Artificial propagation from seeds is difficult in most terrestrial orchids native to temperate regions. Seed production is another limiting factor in the artificial propagation for these species because of the lessened probability of pollination and the destruction of fruit by insect larvae. Members of the genus Cephalanthera are distributed across Europe, Asia and North America. C. falcata is a temperate species of East Asia and an endangered species in Japan. As successful propagation from seeds of this species has never been reported, a reproducible method is described here for seed production in situ and propagation using immature seeds in asymbiotic culture in vitro. METHODS: Effects of hand-pollination and bagging treatment of ovaries were examined. Young capsules were collected every 10 d from 50 d after pollination until 120 d after pollination. Immature seeds obtained from these capsules were cultured asymbiotically on modified Kano medium and ND medium. Seed viability was examined within TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) test solution and histological observations were made on viable seeds by paraffin embedding at each collection stage. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Hand-pollination followed by bagging treatment of ovaries with aluminium foil was effective for insect control during fruit development, and successfully yielded capsules. Of the capsules, 74.5 % survived to full maturity. The highest frequency (39.8 %) of seed germination was obtained with seeds harvested 70 d after pollination. The frequency declined with progress of seed maturity on the mother plant. Minimal germination was observed with seeds harvested 100 d or later after pollination. Histological observation suggests that accumulation of such substances as lignin in the inner integument surrounding the embryo during seed maturation plays an important role in induction of dormancy.  相似文献   

14.
In vitro asymbiotic seed germination potential of its immature seeds (36 weeks after pollination) of G. calceolaris was successfully tested on three different agar gelled nutrient media i.e. Murashige and Skoog (MS), Mitra et al. (M) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). Seeds germinated within 15.75+/-0.75 to 35.75+/-0.75 days in the three different media. The protocorms developed therefrom subsequently differentiated into first leaf and root primordia, and complete seedlings were obtained within 111.25+/-1.25 to 141.25+/-1.25 days on MS and M media. The protocorms, though failed to differentiate further on basal PDA medium, despite repeated subculturings, incorporation of peptone (P; 1 gl(-1)), yeast extract (YE; 2 gl(-1)) and coconut water (CW; 20%) in the medium proved beneficial in inducing differentiation, in these germinating entities. Additional use of growth additives (P/YE/CW), in general, favoured better germination, protocorm formation and seedling development. The optimal nutritional combination during seed germination, protocorm growth and multiplication and seedling development was found to be CW (10%) enriched MS medium.  相似文献   

15.
Epipactis flava Seidenf., is an endangered Thai rheophytic orchid that has decreased rapidly throughout its natural habitat and urgently requires conservation using in vitro techniques. Effect of pollination types (self- and cross-pollination) and seed from different capsule ages (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after pollination) on asymbiotic seed germination efficiency was performed on semi-solid VW medium supplemented with 150 mL/L coconut water and 50 g/L potato extract. Highest germination rate was 79.2% with definite rate of protocorm developmental stage 5 at 24.0% using seeds from 6 week old cross-pollination capsules. Anatomical investigation revealed young seed has been formed at 6 weeks old capsules. Identical seeds were then cultured on semi-solid and liquid systems of five different media including modified-VW, MS, BM, MM and KC for 2 months. Results showed that semi-solid and liquid VW medium promoted the highest seed germination rates at 70.2% and 70.4%, respectively, with the highest definite rate of protocorm developmental stage 5 at 54% found on semi-solid BM medium. In vitro seedlings were transferred to culture on both semi-solid and liquid VW and MS media for 2 months. Higher growth parameters, as indicated by shoot number and fresh weight, were obtained on liquid MS medium. Clumps of plantlets containing 5–8 shoots were acclimatized and transplanted into different potting media for 3 months. Survival percentages in all tested substrates were recorded at nearly 100% with no significant differences, while 63–68% of the living plantlets produced new shoots.  相似文献   

16.
Summary Shi-hu (Dendrobium spp. or Dendrobii Herba) is one of the important traditional Chinese medicines. The commercially available crude drug in the traditional medicine market is composed mainly of three species: Dendrobium tosaense, D. nobile, and D. moniliforme. An efficient method of propagation has been developed via asymbiotic germination of seeds in vitro for the medicinally important D. tosaense. Seeds from capsules of D. tosaense collected 8–14 wk after artificial pollination germinated after being cultured on full-strength or half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium devoid of plant growth regulators and with 3% sucrose. Germination of seeds varied with the medium type and seed maturity. Germinated seedlings after transfer to MS medium with 1.5% sucrose and 8% banana homogenate or potato juice or coconut water and 20 wk of incubation developed into healthy plantlets. Well-developed plantlets were transplanted to moss or moss and tree fern or tree fern as substrates in plastic trays and transferred to a greenhouse for hardening. All plants survived, attained maturity, and developed normal flower and capsule after one and a half years. This protocol of successful plant regeneration by asymbiotic seed germination should permit rapid propagation and conservation of this medicinally important Dendrobium species.  相似文献   

17.
红菜薹与甘蓝型油菜杂交子房培养研究初报   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
对甘蓝型油菜和红菜薹种间杂种进行胚胎挽救研究,实验结果表明,采用MS+(1.0~2.0)mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.05mg·L^-1 NAA+0.5%活性炭+30g·L^-1蔗糖+7.5g·L^-1琼脂培养基对甘蓝型油菜和红菜薹杂交子房培养效果较为理想;相对于培养基和激素,活性炭对子房培养的影响更加显著。通过对取材时间的研究发现,取授粉后18d子房培养的结籽率最高,15d的次之。而通过对杂种萌发率的研究则表明,授粉后15d的子房培养获得的杂种萌发率最高,为57.03%,18d的最差,仅为38.49%。  相似文献   

18.
离体条件下对佛手参种子进行了非共生萌发研究,成功实现了种子萌发,并通过根状茎增殖和分化获得了大量再生种苗。结果表明,成熟佛手参种子难以萌发,而未成熟种子具有萌发能力,萌发率可达到20%,最适萌发培养基为:1/2MS+1.0-2.0mg·L-1。KT+0.1mg·L—NAA+10.0mg·L-1腺嘌呤;根状茎增殖最适培养基为:1/2MS+3.0mg·L。6-BA+0.1mg·L-1 NAA+10.0mg·L。腺嘌呤;芽分化最适培养基为:1/2MS+I.0mg·L-1 KT+10.0mg·L-1腺嘌呤。较高浓度的细胞分裂素(1.0mg·L。KT)与较低浓度类生长素(O.1mg·L-1 NAA)的配比对佛手参种子萌发、根状茎增殖及芽分化具有明显的促进作用;较高浓度的NAAA制种子萌发。根状茎与愈伤组织的增殖能力无明显差异,但前者的分化能力却显著高于后者。  相似文献   

19.
邱玥  龚宁  张奎一 《广西植物》2010,30(4):555-559
研究了影响金线兰种子非共生萌发的因素,并应用正交试验研究基本培养基、6-BA、ZT、NAA四种因素对原球茎增殖的作用。结果表明:授粉类型对金线兰种子非共生萌发影响较大,异株异花、同株异花以及同株同花授粉所得的种子的萌发率分别为78.53%、69.62%、39.87%;蒴果成熟度以生长150d为宜,采收后萌发率可达78.59%;冷藏影响种子的活力,种子的萌发率随冷藏时间的延长而降低;使用次氯酸钠浸泡后的种子与对照相比,其萌发率无明显差异;NAA对原球茎增殖作用显著,适宜于原球茎增殖的培养基为1/2MS+ZT0.5mg/L+NAA1.0mg/L。  相似文献   

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