中国斑蚜科一新属——群斑蚜属及新种记述（同翅目：蚜总科）

对中国斑蚜科 Drepanosiphidae叶蚜亚科 Phyllaphidinae叶蚜族 Phyllaphidini1新属——群斑蚜属 Thelazacallis Zhang进行了研究 ,提供了该新属的寄主植物、地理分布及其与近缘属的示差鉴别。同时记述 1新种——毛茛群斑蚜 Thelazacallis ranunculicolaQiao et Zhang。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。群斑蚜属 Thelazacallis Zhang,新属模式种 :Thelazacallis ranunculicola Qiao et Zhang,sp.nov.本新属的胚胎和成蚜与新叶蚜属 N eophyllaphis Takahashi相近 ,但喙端部有次生毛 (后者无 ) ;尾片完整 (后者分裂呈双叶状 ) ;触角节 I短于节 II(后者长于 ) ;生殖突 3个(后者 4个 )。与迪叶蚜属 Diphyllaphis Takahashi在胚胎毛序、成蚜的触角、体蜡片、喙端节等方面十分接近 ,但复眼仅由 3个小眼面组成 (后者多于 3个 ) ;生殖突 3个 (后者 2个 )。毛茛群斑蚜 Thelazacallis ranunculicola Qiao et Zhang,新种 (图 1～ 9)正模 :无翅孤雌蚜 ,No.Y16 0 3- 1- 2 - 1,1979- - 1,四川 (西昌 ) ;常勇楠采 ;副模 :1头无翅孤雌蚜 ,其他同正模。寄主 :毛茛 Ranunculus sp.。本新种与新叶蚜属已知种和迪叶蚜属已知种的区别见群斑蚜属与新叶蚜属和迪叶蚜属的区别。     

中国刻斑蚜属分类研究(同翅目: 蚜科: 角斑蚜亚科)

研究了中国蚜科Aphididae角斑蚜亚科Myzocallidinae的刻斑蚜属 Clethrobius Mordvilko,1928,记述了中国2新纪录种,毛刻斑蚜 C.comes(Walker,1848)和赤杨刻斑蚜C.dryobius Chakrabarti et Raychaudhuri,1976,编制了中国刻斑蚜属分种检索表,各种提供了寄主植物、分布及形态特征图。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

瘿绵蚜科系统发育研究（同翅目：蚜总科）

采用支序分析的方法对瘿绵蚜科的系统发育进行了探讨。研究结果表明,传统的倍蚜族Schlechtendalini、五节根蚜族Fordini和瘿绵蚜族Pemphigini 是单系群,传统的 卷叶绵蚜族Prociphilini 和四脉绵蚜族Tetraneurini是并系群。在瘿绵蚜科的三个亚科中,瘿绵蚜亚科与五节根蚜亚科亲缘关系比与绵蚜亚科更近。另外,根据支序分析结果,建议将丽绵蚜属Formosaphis从瘿绵蚜亚科移入五节根蚜亚科中。     

中国新桦斑蚜属分类研究(同翅目:蚜科:角斑蚜亚科)

研究了中国蚜科Aphididae角斑蚜亚科Myzocallidinae1新纪录属,即新桦斑蚜属Neobetulaphis Basu,1964。中国分布3种,其中包括2新纪录种,白新桦斑蚜N.alba Higuchi,1972和裸新桦斑蚜N.pusilla Basu,1964。每种提供了观察标本,地理分布,寄主植物等信息;新纪录种还提供了较详细的形态和形态特征图。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国斑蚜科物种多样性及地理分布格局

从分类群的多样性、寄主植物多样性和地理分布多样性3个方面系统研究了中国斑蚜科蚜虫的物种多样性。分类群的多样性从亚科、属和种3个不同阶元进行了描述。寄主植物的多样性体现在：不同蚜虫类群寄主植物的丰富度,其中角斑蚜亚科的寄主最为丰富,包括14个科的植物;同类寄主植物上取食蚜虫的多样性,其中桦木科植物上有15个属的蚜虫取食。在地理分布上,斑蚜科在中国主要分布在古北界的4个区和东洋界的3个区,以古北界的成分占优势;而且华北区种类最为丰富,其次为东北区、华中区、华南区和蒙新区。属的分布类型可分为12种,分别为中国特有分布型、东亚特有分布型、古北界特有分布型、东洋界特有分布型、全北界分布型、全北界和澳洲界共有分布型、古北界和东洋界共有分布型、全北界和东洋界共有分布型、全北界和非洲界共有分布型、古北界、东洋界和非洲界共有分布型、东洋界和澳洲界共有分布型及东洋界、非洲界和澳洲界共有分布型,其中以东亚特有分布型为最丰富,有10个属;其次为全北界分布型,有7个属,同时中国的特有成分也相当高,涉及6个属。纵观整个中国斑蚜科属级阶元的分布类型,中国的斑蚜科以全北界成分为主,其次为东洋界成分。斑蚜科在中国的地理分布,由东向西,种类越来越贫乏,特别是青藏高原,种类很少;从南北向来看,以华北区为中心,向两边扩散,东北区、华南区和华中区种类都有所减少。     

中国粗腿蚜属一新种(同翊目：斑蚜科)

中国粗腿蚜属一新种（同翅目：斑蚜科）张万玉,张广学,田士波（中国科学院动物研究所北京１０００８０）粗腿蚜属ＭａｃｒｏｐｏｄａｐｈｉｓＲｅｍａｕｄｌ６ｒｅｅｔＤａｖａｔｃｈｌ,１９５８隶卞斑蚜科Ｄｒｅｐａｎｏｓｉ－Ｐｈｉｄａｅ中的跳蚜亚科Ｓａｌｔｕｓａ...     

中国新纪录属--长角斑蚜属研究(同翅目:蚜科:角斑蚜亚科)

研究了中国蚜科Aphididae角斑蚜亚科Calaphidinae 1新纪录属－长角斑蚜属Calaphis Walsh,1863,记述2新纪录种,居桦长角斑蚜Calaphis betulicola(Kaltenbach,1843)和相似长角斑蚜Calaphis similis Quednau,1979。编制中国长角斑蚜属分种检索表,每种提供形态记述、寄主植物、分布及形态特征图。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国新纪录属--斑大蚜属研究(同翅目,蚜科,大蚜亚科)

研究了中国蚜科Aphididae大蚜亚科Lachninae 1新纪录属,斑大蚜属Maculolach us Gaumont,1920,记述模式种蔷薇斑大蚜Maculolachnus submacula(Walker,1848).提供了形态描述、寄主植物、分布及形态特征图.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

中国五节毛蚜亚科分类学研究(同翅目:蚜科)

中国五节毛蚜亚科Atheroidinae已知4属,即：五节毛蚜属Atheroides Haliday,小毛蚜属Chaetosiphella Hille Ris Lambers新纪录,赖毛蚜属Laingia Theobald,伪毛蚜属Sipha Passerini;共8种,即：禾草五节毛蚜Atheroides hirtellus Haliday,锯形五节毛蚜A.serrulatus Haliday新纪录,针茅小毛蚜Chaetosiphella stipae hille Ris Lambers新纪录,沙赖毛蚜Laingia psammae Theobald,剪草伪毛蚜Sipha arenarii Mordviko新纪录,丽伪毛蚜S.elegans del Guercio,神茅伪毛蚜s.glyceriae(Kaltenbach)和玉米伪毛蚜S.maydis Passerini。提供了分属、分种检索表,各属提供了鉴别特征,所有分类单元具有文献引证、寄主植物、地理分布和检视标本的记录。每个新纪录种有简要的形态记述和特征图。所有研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

东北斑蚜科及蚜科新种及新纪录(同翅目:蚜总科)

本文记述我国东北地区斑蚜科一新种和蚜科一新种及一新纪录种。模式标本存中国科学院动物研究所。 椴绵叶蚜Sinishivaphis tilisucta Zhang新种(图1) 有翅孤雌蚜 活体灰绿,被白粉。体背及足股节、胫节有明显蜡片。腹部背片Ⅷ有一中瘤。喙不达中足基节。翊脉镶黑边如图所示。毛数:头背10,前胸背10,腹部背片Ⅰ—Ⅶ各4,Ⅷ6或7,触角节Ⅰ3,Ⅱ3或4,Ⅲ25—29,Ⅳ14—18,Ⅴ4或5,Ⅵ3+0,顶端3或4,喙节Ⅳ+Ⅴ10,附节Ⅰ7,尾片7,尾板15或16。触角次生感觉圈有睫:     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.