双峰驼血清IgG亚型的分离纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

双峰驼IgG亚型包含IgG1、IgG2和IgG3,其中IgG2和IgG3为重链抗体,在结构上与IgG1存在显著差异。为获取双峰驼血清中的IgG1、IgG2和IgG3,并分析其抗原特异性和抗体特异性,本文交替使用Protein A和Protein G亲和层析柱,对其分离纯化,并通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行鉴定;之后分别制备兔抗双峰驼IgG1、IgG2和IgG3的多克隆抗体,通过ELISA对制备的多克隆抗体的效价进行测定;最后应用Western blot评估这三个亚型多克隆抗体的特异性,进而对双峰驼血清中IgG1、IgG2和IgG3的抗原特异性进行分析。结果表明,应用Protein A和Protein G亲和层析柱成功分离纯化出双峰驼血清中的IgG1、IgG2和IgG3;并制备兔抗双峰驼IgG1、IgG2和IgG3的多克隆抗体效价均在1∶10000以上,并且所获得的多克隆抗体分别与IgG1、IgG2和IgG3之间均存在交叉反应,但兔抗双峰驼IgG1多克隆抗体较其它两个亚型多克隆抗体特异性低。结果证明,双峰驼IgG1、IgG2和IgG3均具有良好的免疫原性,三者结构虽存在显著差异,但其抗原特性类似。     

抗甲型流感鸡卵黄抗体的制备及效价测定

目的:研究抗甲型流感卵黄抗体的制备与纯化,并探讨其效价随免疫时间的变化关系。方法:用灭活甲型流感病毒复合抗原免疫蛋鸡,用PEG6000对卵黄抗体进行分离提取,SDS-PAGE法对其进行分子量测定,考马斯亮蓝法对其含量和纯度进行测定,用微量凝集法检测蛋鸡血清抗体和卵黄抗体的效价。结果:提取得到的卵黄抗体重链分子量为66 kDa、轻链分子量分26 kDa,每毫升卵黄液可得到纯度为95.80%的卵黄抗体9.98mg,回收率93.01%;高效价持续时间90 d以上;免疫蛋鸡血清和卵黄中3种特异性抗体的消长规律基本相似,但抗体水平之间存在明显的差异。结论:采用灭活甲型流感病毒复合抗原免疫蛋鸡可制备高效价、高纯度抗甲型流感卵黄抗体,为卵黄抗体在甲型流感防治中的应用研究奠定了基础。     

乌鳢血清免疫球蛋白IgM的分离纯化及其兔抗血清的制备

目的 分离纯化乌鳢血清免疫球蛋白,并制备其兔抗血清。方法 用Protein A亲和层析的方法纯化乌鳢血清免疫球蛋白,通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测蛋白的纯度,测定其重链、轻链的分子量,免疫大耳白兔制备抗血清,利用免疫双扩散检测抗血清的效价。结果 纯化了乌鳢血清免疫球蛋白,SDS-PAGE测定其重链和轻链的相对分子质量分别为78×10^3和27×10^3左右,免疫双扩散法测定兔抗乌鳢免疫球蛋白抗血清效价为1∶32。结论 成功纯化了乌鳢免疫球蛋白,制备了兔抗乌鳢IgM抗血清,为研究乌鳢的免疫机制、建立乌鳢的血清学检测系统奠定了基础。     

草鱼血清IgM蛋白的纯化及抗血清的制备

采用盐析法、重组蛋白A(HiTrapr Protein A Sepharose)亲和层析法分离纯化草鱼血清中的IgM,并通过SDS-PAGE及Western-blot技术对纯化蛋白的部分特性进行分析比较并制备兔抗IgM抗血清。结果表明:33%硫酸铵溶液可以沉淀血清中大部分蛋白,但电泳条带仍较多,其中含有78kD和28kD的条带,因此仅可作为免疫球蛋白粗提的方法;而rProtein A亲和层析法所提蛋白则仅有上述重链(78kD)和轻链(28kD)。Western-blot显示,鼠抗人Ig抗体可与78kD及28kD条带发生发应。rProtein A亲和法提纯蛋白的纯度较高,但含量较低,条带较淡,仅可作为实验室小量提纯草鱼IgM的有效方法。将提纯的蛋白免疫实验兔后可制得效价高达1:25600的兔抗鱼IgM血清,并测得血清蛋白总量和IgM含量分别为25.87mg和4.5mg,IgM占血清蛋白总量的17.39%。本实验所采用的蛋白A亲和层析法提取草鱼血清IgM可以方便、快捷地获得高纯度的产物,适合在实验室中纯化鱼类IgM。同时本研究所制备的兔抗草鱼IgM血清也为今后的相关研究工作打下基础。     

玉米细胞质HSC70的分离纯化及其抗体的制备

依据某些热激蛋白对ATP具有高度亲和性的特性,介绍了用ATP-琼脂糖亲和柱结合电洗脱分离纯化玉米幼苗细胞质HSC70及制备兔抗HSC70多抗的方法.先采用ATP-琼脂糖亲和柱初步分离几种能与ATP结合的热激蛋白,后用SDS-PAGE,切下分子量为70 kD的电泳谱带,电洗脱后用以免疫新西兰兔,以ELISA法和Western blot检测抗体效价和特异性.     

草鱼IgM、IgD 和IgZ 的抗体制备与组织表达分析

根据已报道的草鱼免疫球蛋白IgM、IgZ 和IgD 的序列设计表达引物进行PCR 扩增, 将扩增片段克隆至表达载体pET-32a, 并在大肠杆菌Rosetta-gami (DE3)中进行诱导表达。利用亲和层析法纯化表达的重组蛋白, 然后免疫日本大耳白兔, 获得兔抗IgM、IgZ 和IgD 的抗血清。经免疫印迹检测, 表明IgM、IgZ 和IgD的表达产物能够被兔多克隆抗体特异性识别。应用兔抗草鱼IgM 和IgZ 的多克隆抗体, 对草鱼多种器官、组织提取的总蛋白进行免疫印迹检测, 在肠、头肾、中肾、皮肤、脾脏、脑、鳃和血液中都检测到IgM 和IgZ的表达。       

一种具有人VEGF结合活性的人源单一重链可变区的克隆与表达

为避免一种来自五特征转基因小鼠的全人VEGF单克隆IgM抗体分子量大的不足,本研究探讨了该抗体单一重链可变区的功能特性。首先,PCR获得该抗体的重链可变区,将该序列克隆至pET28a表达载体内,在大肠杆菌中进行了诱导表达。通过变性纯化和复性等方法获得了具有生物学活性的16kDa重组抗体片段——rhVVH。体外结合实验表明,rhVVH保留有完整免疫球蛋白的人VEGF结合活性。人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖抑制实验表明:rhVVH可以剂量依赖性的抑制HUVEC的增殖。上述结果揭示了该抗体单一重链可变区保留有完整抗体的部分功能,为进一步开展全人源VEGF单克隆IgM抗体小型化研究奠定了基础。     

树鼩IgG纯化鉴定及其多克隆抗体制备和检测

目的:比较两种抗体纯化方法在分离纯化树鼩IgG抗体的应用,制备抗IgG的多克隆抗体及检测。方法:采用两种商品化IgG抗体纯化试剂盒分离树鼩血清IgG抗体,采用SDS-PAGE和蛋白定量测定提纯IgG。以树鼩IgG作为抗原,与等量弗氏完全佐剂(第一次)、弗氏不完全佐剂(第二次)混合皮下注射免疫兔,对分离血清进行多克隆抗体纯化及Western Blot检测及定量分析。结果:两种方法均能有效分离纯化树鼩IgG,在经过Montage PROSEP-A试剂纯化后的IgG在纯度和含量方面均优于Protein A/G Matrix试剂。通过纯化后的树鼩IgG免疫兔制备的抗IgG抗体能有效识别树鼩IgG。结论:纯化的树鼩IgG具有良好免疫原性,由此制备的抗体具有高度特异性。研究结果为利用树鼩作为实验动物提供了必要的实验基础。     

兔抗麻雀IgY酶标抗体的制备

目的制备辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）标记的兔抗麻雀IgY抗体,为禽类血清学检测体系的建立提供技术储备。方法硫酸铵盐析法粗提麻雀血清IgY,进一步在SDS-PAGE上分离后,切下带有目的条带的凝胶作为免疫原,免疫实验兔制备抗血清,Protein-A柱亲和纯化兔抗IgY血清IgG,,使用改良过碘酸钠法制备酶结合物。ELISA检测酶标抗体的工作浓度,western blotting检测酶标抗体的特异性。结果硫酸铵盐析法粗提IgY,可去除部分杂蛋白,SDS-PAGE上分离后切下带有目的条带的凝胶,可以得到足够纯度的抗原,将带有IgY的凝胶作为抗原免疫后获得的抗血清经Protein-A纯化后,二抗在SDS-PAGE上鉴定,纯度达到99%以上。改良的过碘酸钠法标记获得的抗体浓度为1.008 mg/mL,ELISA检测酶标抗体效价为1∶1000。Western blotting鉴定抗体具有特异性。结论获得了优质可靠的兔抗麻雀IgY酶标抗体。     

抗谷胱甘肽S转移酶多克隆抗体的制备及特异性鉴定

目的:制备谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)的兔多抗,并鉴定该抗体的特异性。方法:用纯化的GST标签蛋白(纯度>98%)免疫新西兰大白兔,获得GST的兔抗血清,并经HiTrap rProtein A柱纯化获得高效价高特异性的抗体;用间接ELISA法检测抗体效价,Western印迹检测抗体的特异性,并与商业化抗体进行对比。结果:通过免疫法得到了GST的兔多克隆抗体血清,抗体效价达1∶1×106,经rProtein A柱纯化后获得了高效价高特异性的抗体,其高效高特异性已达商业化抗体水平。结论:获得了GST的高效价高特异性的兔多克隆抗体。     

Isolation and characterization of a thermolabile beta-2 macroglycoprotein ('thermolabile substance' or 'Hakata antigen') detected by precipitating (auto) antibody in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

A novel thermolabile beta-2 macroglycoprotein ('thermolabile substance' (TLS) or 'Hakata antigen' (HA], which was detected by the precipitating (auto) antibodies of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, was isolated and characterized. The purification procedure entailed the following steps: isoelectric precipitation in the range between pH 5.2-6.1, hydroxyapatite absorption chromatography, 35% saturated ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, Pevikon block electrophoresis, lentil lectin affinity chromatography and immobilized rabbit anti-human whole serum IgG column chromatography. Utilizing these procedures, 0.1 mg of HA was purified from 3 1 of pooled human serum. The molecular mass of HA was determined as 650 kDa by Sepharose 4B gel filtration. On SDS-PAGE analysis, HA showed a single band at 35 kDa under reduced conditions and numerous ladder bands between 35 kDa to more than 300 kDa under nonreduced conditions. On analytical ultracentrifugation, HA gave a molecular mass of 520 kDa with a single meniscus and a sedimentation constant of 12.0. The amino acid and carbohydrate analysis of reduced and S-pyridylethylated HA revealed that it contained five residues of hydroxyproline and an N-linked type sugar chain.     

Isolation and characterization of immunoglobulin M of Asian sea bass, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lates calcarifer</Emphasis> and its level in serum

Asian sea bass immunoglobulin M (IgM) was purified from the sera of Lates calcarifer by affinity chromatography. Analysis of the purified IgM on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing and non-reducing conditions revealed that the sea bass IgM was a tetrameric protein with a molecular weight of 896 kDa; it contained an equimolar heavy chain and light chain with molecular weight of 83 kDa and 27 kDa respectively. However, besides the covalently linked tetrameric IgM, noncovalently linked tetramer dissociated into dimeric and monomeric forms also demonstrated by non-reducing SDS-PAGE. Carbohydrate moieties were found to be linked with both heavy and light chains. A polyclonal rabbit anti-Asian sea bass IgM was prepared which showed a specific reaction of anti-fish IgM antibody with IgM of sea bass. Sea bass IgM concentration was determined in the serum by indirect ELISA. The average IgM concentration in the sera of the healthy sea bass was 5.4±1.8 mg ml⁻¹; it amounted to 16.7% of the total serum protein.     

虎血清免疫球蛋白（IgG）的纯化及纯度、活性鉴定

目的 建立高纯度、高活性的虎血清IgG纯化方法。方法 用饱和硫酸铵沉淀虎血清得到IgG粗品;结合Hitrap Protein A亲和层析预装柱及阴离子交换层析法对粗品IgG进一步分离纯化,采用PAGE电泳和Western-Blot免疫印迹法鉴定IgG纯度和免疫活性。结果 80 mL虎血清亲和纯化得到84 mg IgG,阴离子交换层析纯化得到30 mg虎的IgG纯品。结论 建立了简便快速、纯度高、活性好的虎血清IgG的分离纯化方法,为虎血清IgG二级抗体的制备提供了高纯度、活性好的一级抗体免疫原。     

Antigenic relationships in calf thymus and human leukemic cell terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase.

Antibody to purified terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (nucleosidetriphosphate : DNA deoxy-nucleotidylexotransferase, E.C. 2.7.7.31) from calf thymus was prepared in rabbits using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase crosslinked to bovine serum albumin. These antibodies, partially purified by 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, produced one precipitation band with calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase on immunodiffusion. This antibody preparation also inhibited the in vitro activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase from calf thymus, acute leukemic lymphoblasts and Molt-4 cells but not that of DNA polymerases alpha, beta and psi from these cells     

改良的硫酸铵沉淀法纯化大雁的卵黄抗体

目的 探索有效的纯化大雁卵黄抗体及高效价二抗的方法。方法 应用了PEG沉淀,阴离子交换柱,硫酸铵分级沉淀纯化,免疫制备二抗,免疫电泳和免疫双扩散法及western blotting进行效价的测定。结果 改良后的硫酸铵沉淀法的纯度远远高于PEG沉淀,相对于离子交换法而言更加简单方便,经济省时。从免疫电泳看已达到了电泳纯,大雁卵黄IgY的相对分子质量为180×10^3,重链约为66×10^3,轻链约为24×103。免疫获得的二抗有较强的免疫活性。结论 用改良的硫酸铵沉淀法纯化大雁卵黄抗体,效率和纯度显著提高,值得推广。本实验为大雁卵黄抗体及其二抗的应用奠定了基础,也为雁形目其他种类卵黄抗体的纯化提供了参考。     

十六种鸟类二级抗体的制备和辣根过氧化物酶标记

目的制备兔抗16种鸟类的二级抗体,并进行辣根过氧化物酶标记,为鸟类血清学检测系统的建立提供工具。方法采用水稀释法粗纯抗体后,再利用改良的饱和硫酸铵分级沉淀法,或亲和层析结合饱和硫酸铵沉淀法,或饱和硫酸铵沉淀法结合SDS-PAGE凝胶切胶纯化的方法进一步纯化鸟类的IgY,利用纯化的IgY免疫大耳白兔制备抗血清,用免疫双扩散来检测抗血清的效价,并用Protein A亲和层析的方法来纯化兔抗鸟类的二级抗体,采用简易过碘酸钠法对纯化的兔抗鸟类的二级抗体进行辣根过氧化物酶标记,通过ELISA方法测定标记抗体的效价,并利用Western blots考察标记抗体的特异性。结果纯化了灰雁、鸬鹚、鸵鸟、小鹈、鸽子、鹅、孔雀、鹌鹑、贵妃鸡、草鹭、夜鹭、赤嘴潜鸭、燕鸥、长脚鹬、虎皮鹦鹉、翘鼻麻鸭等16种鸟类的IgY,免疫双扩散法测定兔抗这16种鸟类的抗血清效价均达到1∶32,并对纯化的兔抗灰雁IgY、兔抗鸬鹚IgY、兔抗鸵鸟IgY、兔抗小鹈IgY、兔抗鸽子IgY、兔抗鹅IgY、兔抗孔雀IgY、兔抗鹌鹑IgY、兔抗贵妃鸡IgY、兔抗草鹭IgY、兔抗夜鹭IgY、兔抗赤嘴潜鸭IgY、兔抗燕鸥IgY、兔抗长脚鹬IgY、兔抗虎皮鹦鹉IgY、兔抗翘鼻麻鸭IgY等16种兔抗鸟类IgY的二级抗体进行了辣根过氧化物酶标记,ELISA测定标记抗体的效价达到1∶800～80000左右,Western blots显示标记抗体具有很好的特异性。结论成功制备了辣根过氧化物酶标记的兔抗16种鸟类的二级抗体,为鸟类血清学检测体系的建立提供了工具。     

Isolation and characterization of immunoglobulin of the Indian major carp, rohu [Labeo rohita (Ham.)

Information on the structure and character of immunoglobulin of fishes is essential in health management. A study was carried out to characterize the serum immunoglobulin (IgM) of the Indian major carp, rohu Labeo rohita (Ham.). Rohu (500g) were immunised with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the anti-BSA antibody was purified employing BSA-CL agarose affinity column chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the purified Ig in a 3% gel under non-reduced conditions revealed a single protein having a molecular weight of 850kDa. Analysis of the purified serum in 10% SDS-PAGE under reduced conditions revealed that the immunoglobulin contained heavy and light chains with molecular weights of 85 and 23kDa, respectively. A polyclonal mouse anti-rohu IgM was prepared and used in an immunodot test which showed a specific reaction of the crude rohu anti-BSA antiserum and the purified anti-BSA IgM with BSA. Results indicate that the immunoglobulin of L. rohita is tetrameric IgM, similar to that of other fishes.     

Purification and characterization of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from chicken hepatic cytosol

From the cytosol fraction (supernatant fluid at 105,000 g) of chicken liver, 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was purified to an apparently homogeneous state by differential precipitation with ammonium sulfate, followed by column chromatographies with DE 51, DEAE-Toyopearl, and Sephadex G-100. Finally the dehydrogenase was purified 103-fold on the basis of the cytosol fraction. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) revealed that molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 66 kDa, while that of the native dehydrogenase in the absence of SDS was estimated as 660 kDa or more from the peak of the enzyme in elution profile from Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography. The dehydrogenase required NADPH specifically for reduction of 3-oxo group of 5 beta-androstanedione (Km = 1.6 microM). Optimal temperature for 3-oxo reduction was 50 C in incubation for 10 min.     

Purification of a young age-related glycoprotein (Ugl-Y) from normal human urine

Ugl-Y is a glycoprotein that is detected in normal urine samples from young men and women aged 0 to 17 years. It was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and various column chromatographies including affinity chromatography using anti-adult urine antibody coupled to Sepharose 4B. The homogeneity of the glycoprotein was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, column chromatography on Sephadex G-75, and the precipitation reaction with anti-Ugl-Y antibody. It was shown to have a molecular weight of 29,000 by gel filtration, and to contain 5.2% neutral sugars (mannose and galactose) and 4% hexosamine (glucosamine). Amino acid analysis of the glycoprotein indicated high contents of acidic and hydroxylic amino acids. Its origin is unknown.     

Serum immunoglobulin M in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus): characterisation of the molecule and its immunoreactivity

Three preparations of purified immunoglobulin (IgM) were isolated from serum of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) by means of three different methods, and each of the three IgM preparations was used to produce a polyclonal rabbit anti-halibut IgM antiserum. One of the IgM preparations was employed in the characterisation of halibut serum immunoglobulin. Halibut IgM was shown to consist of two subunits, compatible with heavy (mu) and light (L) chains. A single mu chain at approximately 76 kDa, and six possible molecular weight (MW) variants of L chain were found (range approximately 25 to approximately 28.5 kDa). IgM was glycosylated on the heavy chain and N-linked carbohydrate constituted approximately 10.3% (w/w) of the total MW of IgM. The dominant form of non-reduced IgM had a MW of approximately 780 kDa, suggesting a tetrameric structure. Non-reduced IgM also showed a number of minor protein bands. Based on estimated MW, the relative carbohydrate content and the reactivity with all three anti-halibut IgM antisera, mono-, di- and trimeric redox forms of IgM were identified. The three antisera were characterised as to specificity and reactivity by means of enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), crossed immuno-electrophoresis (CIE), and immunoblotting methods. The antisera showed a considerable diversity in their specificity to the suggested MW variants of halibut Ig light chain. A method for immunohistochemical detection of IgM in tissue was established. Protein A or protein G affinity for the IgM was not detectable.