A NEW GENUS OF CAPRINI (BOVIDAE, ARTIODACTYLA) FROM UPPER PLIOCENE OF YUSHE, SHANSI

<正> In the present paper a new caprine, Sinocapra minor gen. et sp. nov. is erected on the basis of several horn cores. The type specimen was collected by the Sino-American Palaeontology Expedition from the Upper Pliocene, Mazegou Formation, of Yunzhu Subbasin, Yushe Basin, Shansi province in 1988. All the other ones referred to the new genus were described and identified by Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert (1938, p. 53, fig. 46) as Antilope gen. et sp. indet. They also came from Zhaozhuang, Yunzhu Subbasin and it is likely that they might be gathered from the same Formation as the type specimen judging by the yellow sandy clay filling into the horn cores. Magnetostratigraphic studies by Prof. N. Opdyke of the Yunzhu Subbasin indicates that this stratigraphic interval only includes the Gauss one, approximately 3.4 to 2.47 Ma. Accounts of the biostratigraphy and dating of Yunzhu Subbasin are giyen by Dr. R. H. Tedford and Dr. Z. Qiu in another paper.     

A PLIOCENE SPECIES OF VULPES FROM YUSHE,SHANXI

<正> The Yushe County in Shanxi Province is one of the most famous "dragon bone" localities in China. Teilhard de Chardin's monographs on the fossil mammals from Yushe made it well known internationally as well. However, the work so far done there is far from completion, especially when compared with the recent achievements in stratigraphic work on late Cenozoic     

Influence of the Qinghai-Tibetan railway and highway on the activities of wild animals

The effect of traffic and railway construction on the activities of wild animals during the daytime along the Qinghai-Tibetan highway between Budongquan (35°17′ N; 93°16′ E) and Wudaliang (35°13′ N; 93°04′ E) was studied in August 2003 and August 2004. Furthermore, passageways cross the Qinghai-Tibetan railway were monitored to determine the relationship between the usage frequency of the passageways and the distance to the Qinghai-Tibetan highway and the dimension of the passageways. The results showed that the traffic during the daytime had some effects on the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsoni), Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) and Kiang (Equus kiang) when they were crossing the road, and especially it is significant on the Tibetan antelope. At the same time, they could adapt themselves to the changes in the surroundings by learning and by adjusting their behavior. Most of their activities took place in the morning in order to avoid the effects of traffic, and they could also find and use the passageways cross the Qinghai-Tibetan railway. The dimensions of the passageways, the distance to the Qinghai-Tibetan highway, the surrounding habitat, and human activities could influence the efficiency of the passageways. Most passageways cross the Qinghai-Tibetan railway could not be effectively used by the wildlife because of the short length and low height or because of human activities in the contiguous areas of the passageways. However, the wildlife could adapt themselves to the changes in the surroundings caused by the construction of the Qinghai-Tibetan railway by learning and by adjusting their behavior.     

Influence of the Qinghai-Tibetan railway and highway on the activities of wild animals

The effect of traffic and railway construction on the activities of wild animals during the daytime along the Qinghai-Tibetan highway between Budongquan (35°17′ N; 93°16′ E) and Wudaliang (35°13′ N; 93°04′ E) was studied in August 2003 and August 2004. Furthermore, passageways cross the Qinghai-Tibetan railway were monitored to determine the relationship between the usage frequency of the passageways and the distance to the Qinghai-Tibetan highway and the dimension of the passageways. The results showed that the traffic during the daytime had some effects on the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsoni), Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) and Kiang (Equus kiang) when they were crossing the road, and especially it is significant on the Tibetan antelope. At the same time, they could adapt themselves to the changes in the surroundings by learning and by adjusting their behavior. Most of their activities took place in the morning in order to avoid the effects of traffic, and they could also find and use the passageways cross the Qinghai-Tibetan railway. The dimensions of the passageways, the distance to the Qinghai-Tibetan highway, the surrounding habitat, and human activities could influence the efficiency of the passageways. Most passageways cross the Qinghai-Tibetan railway could not be effectively used by the wildlife because of the short length and low height or because of human activities in the contiguous areas of the passageways. However, the wildlife could adapt themselves to the changes in the surroundings caused by the construction of the Qinghai-Tibetan railway by learning and by adjusting their behavior.     

Long term changes of biodiversity of benthic macroalgae in the intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands

A long term observation on biodiversity and biomass of benthic macroalgae in Point 1 of the intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands, Zhejiang were carried out during 1959–2007, including three phases, i.e. 1959–1965, 1980–1985 and 2000–2007. The results show that the species of the benthic macroalgae there disappeared by 41.7%, and decreasing trend of the biodiversity has been getting quick; the community structure clearly shifted, i.e. the proportion of subtropical and warm-temperate species increased, and that of cold-temperate species decreased in the benthic macroalgae assemblage, particularly the calcareous nullipore became an absolutely dominant group. In comparison with the second phase (1980–1985), during the third phase the average annual biomass of the benthic macroalgae decreased by 52.5%; the average spring and winter biomass decreased by 54.1% and 87.2%; while the average summer and autumn biomass increased by 11.1% and 3.2%, respectively. The causes of the decrease in the biodiversity have been discussed, and the authors considered that the climate change and increase in CO₂ concentration have been the main reasons to lead berserk growth of the nullipore, resulting in desertification tendency of the intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands.     

Long term changes of biodiversity of benthic macroalgae in the intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands

A long term observation on biodiversity and biomass of benthic macroalgae in Point 1 of the intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands, Zhejiang were carried out during 1959–2007, including three phases, i.e. 1959–1965, 1980–1985 and 2000–2007. The results show that the species of the benthic macroalgae there disappeared by 41.7%, and decreasing trend of the biodiversity has been getting quick; the community structure clearly shifted, i.e. the proportion of subtropical and warm-temperate species increased, and that of cold-temperate species decreased in the benthic macroalgae assemblage, particularly the calcareous nullipore became an absolutely dominant group. In comparison with the second phase (1980–1985), during the third phase the average annual biomass of the benthic macroalgae decreased by 52.5%; the average spring and winter biomass decreased by 54.1% and 87.2%; while the average summer and autumn biomass increased by 11.1% and 3.2%, respectively. The causes of the decrease in the biodiversity have been discussed, and the authors considered that the climate change and increase in CO₂ concentration have been the main reasons to lead berserk growth of the nullipore, resulting in desertification tendency of the intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands.     

Membrane Phospholipid Redistribution in Cytokinesis： A Theoretical Model

In cell mitosis, cytokinesis is a major deformation process, during which the site of the contractile ring is determined by the biochemical stimulus from asters of the mitotic apparatus, actin and myosin assembly is related to the motion of membrane phospholipids, and local distribution and arrangement of the microfilament cytoskeleton are different at different cytokinesis stages. Based on the Zinemanas-Nir model, a new model is proposed in this study to simulate the entire process by coupling the biochemical stimulus with the mechanical actions. There were three assumptions in this model： the movements of phospholipid proteins are driven by gradients of biochemical stimulus on the membrane surface; the local assembly of actin and myosin filament depends on the amount of phospholipid proteins at the same location; and the surface tension includes membrane tensions due to both the passive deformation of the membrane and the active contraction of actin filament, which is determined by microfilament redistribution and rearrangement. This model could explain the dynamic movement of microfilaments during cytokinesis and predict cell deformation. The calculated results from this model demonstrated that the reorientation of phospholipid proteins and the redistribution and reorientation of microfilaments may play a crucial role in cell division. This model may better represent the cytokinesis process by the introduction of biochemical stimulus.     

Journal of Genetics and Genomics——Full Text Online Access

<正>Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirectDisclaimer No responsibility is assumed by the Sponsors,Publishers and Editors for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in the Journal;the views and opinions expressed do not reflect those of the Sponsors,Publishers and Editors,neither does the publication of advertisements constitute any endorsement of the products advertised by the Sponsors,Publishers and Editors.     

Journal of Genetics and Genomics——Full Text Online Access

<正>Copyright■2015,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Genetics Society of China.Published by Elsevier Limited and Science Press.All rights reserved.Disclaimer No responsibility is assumed by the Sponsors,Publishers and Editors for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in the Journal,the views and opinions expressed do not reflect those of the Sponsors,Publishers and     

Journal of Genetics and Genomics——Full Text Online Access

<正>Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Disclaimer No responsibility is assumed by the Sponsors,Publishers and Editors for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in the Journal;the views and opinions expressed do not reflect those of the Sponsors,Publishers and Editors,neither does the publication of advertisements constitute any endorsement of the products advertised by the Sponsors,Publishers and Editors.     

记山西榆社晚新生代鹿科化石两新种

本文记述了山西榆社盆地晚新生代鹿科化石中的两个新种:Eucladoceros proboulei sp.nov.和Procapreolus jinensis sp.nov.,并列出了已鉴定完毕的所有产于榆社盆地晚新生代地层的鹿类动物化石单.     

THE LATE MIOCENE CERVIDAE FROM HOUNAO,YUSHE BASIN, SHANXI

FamilyCervidaeGray.l82lSubfamiIyMuntiaeinaePoe0ck,l923GenusMetaceroulusTeilhardetTramert,l937MetaceroulUBlepidusHu,I962(Pl.I,1-4)MaterialAskullwithbrokenantlers(V9337),twopieces0fmandibIes(v9360).RemarksThespecimensarequitesimilartothetypespecimen0fMetacerbu-luslepidus:skullratherbroadandflattened,pedicleswiththesame1engthandpr0-longatedonthefrontalsbyaridge,thedimensionsandthegeneralappearanceofteetharequitesimilar.Butthefirstbifurcationontheantlersofthespecimen(V-9337)is,broaderandc…     

黄土高原三趾马红土的观察(英文)

讨论了黄土高原地区红粘土中脊椎动物化石的考察历史,记录了山西和甘肃"三趾马红土"地点的观察结果。红粘土广泛分布于黄土高原地区,但常被误认为是一个描述性术语,因为其中的许多沉积物既非红色,又不以粘土级颗粒为主。不少红粘土序列中含有古土壤,也含有水成沉积物。此次考察包括榆社盆地的经典地点、灵台任家沟和雷家河,以及庆阳和秦安的一些地点。讨论了在任家沟发现的化石、在玉村新发现的小哺乳动物上新五褶兔( Plio-pentalagus) 和在胡家村观察到的上新世潜穴,后两个地点都位于灵台东北面的庆阳地区。观察结果与晚中新世遍布黄土高原、很可能来自降尘的粘土级颗粒的快速堆积吻合。但在一些区域则以河流或湖泊过程为主,红粘土颗粒部分或全部被水成的粗碎屑沉积物代替,没有找到晚中新世-早上新世干旱化的证据,反而支持高生产力的湿润环境假说。局部富集的脊椎动物化石证明三趾马动物群具有很高的陆生生物量。     

Paleovegetation and paleoclimate in middle-late Pliocene, Shanxi, central China

Sequences of lacustrine sediments developed in intermontane basins in the middle-eastern Shanxi Plateau of China have been investigated in order to reconstruct the paleovegetation and paleoclimate for the middle-late Pliocene. According to the magnetostratigraphy and the fossil assemblages, the lacustrine sediments of Yushe and Taigu Basins were deposited between 5.5 and 2.5 Ma BP. The Zhangcun and Xiaobai Formations are considered to cover a similar period, ranging from 3.5 to 2.5 Ma BP. An increase of Picea and Abies shows that the climate began to become cold after about 4.4 Ma BP. A cold-wet episode, with relatively warm-dry and warm-humid intervals, occurred between 3.6 and 2.5 Ma BP in the Yushe and Taigu Basins. An increase Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Ephedra shows that the climate became drier after 2.5 Ma BP. The climate changes of this period probably reflect variations of the East Asian winter and summer monsoons, with an increase winter monsoon activity during the early Pleistocene.     

华北上新世-更新世过渡期植被、气候与大气CO_2研究进展

上新世-更新世过渡期是新生代全球气候变化的重要拐点之一,此期气候经历了由"暖室"向"冰室"的转变。研究该气候转型期的特征可为科学界和国家层面应对现在和未来的全球气候变暖提供理论基础和实践指导。通过深入研究中国华北山西榆社盆地张村组上新世-更新世过渡期地层中保存的植物大化石、孢粉以及硅藻组合,为重建该时段陆地生态系统中植被演替和气候变化提供坚实的生物学证据。在综合回顾张村组化石植物研究历史的基础上,侧重介绍最近5年在古植被、古气候、古环境以及古大气CO2浓度重建等方面的最新进展。这些新成果定性及定量地刻画了第三纪-第四纪之交中国北方黄土高原东南缘气候变干、变凉的转型过程及其陆地生态系统中大气CO2浓度先升后降的变化趋势。     

山西榆社晚中新世竹鼠一新种

本文描述了采自山西榆社盆地上第三系竹鼠类化石的一新种。新种与Rhizomys(Brachyrhizomyr)rhanriur相似,但个体较小,臼齿相对狭长,M,保留有连接下次尖和下次脊的齿襞(mure)及短的下中脊。这两种化石竹鼠在榆社的出现,超越了现生竹鼠类分布的北界,说明该科的情况要比以前知道的更为复杂,也表明榆社地区在晚第三纪时比近代湿润。     

村镇土地资源利用优化结构模式研究

土地资源是自然资源的一个重要组成部分 ,也是人类赖以生存的物质基础 ,充分合理地利用自然资源 ,因地制宜地实行专业生产 ,多种经营 ,使农、林、牧、副、渔各业生产因地而异地发展 ,逐步实现区域化、专业化、社会化和商品化 ,对于我们这样一个人口密度大的国家是非常重要的。尤其是随着改革开放、经济建设不断深入发展 ,一些新的社会问题随之产生。在农村乡镇 ,由于缺乏合理规划 ,宅基地和集体基建大量占用良田 ,劳力外流 ,土地资源利用不合理 ,农林牧结构不协调 ,造成耕地减少、质量下降 ,生态环境恶化。在这种情况下 ,对村镇土地资源利用…     

山西榆社上新世沙鼠化石

本文记述了六件短齿假沙鼠(Pseudomeriones abbreviatus abbreviatus)的上下颌骨,并对在庆阳发现的正型标本和国外有关的新材料做了补充记述和讨论。     

贵州玉舍国家森林公园种子植物区系研究

玉舍国家森林公园位于贵州西部的六盘水市水城县南部。根据多年的考察、鉴定、资料整理和统计,有种子植物122科373属923种。通过对该区种子植物属的区系分析结果:有14个分布区类型17个变型。热带分布属105属,占总属数的30.97%,温带分布属223属,占总属数的65.78%。显示了该区温带成分的特性。植物区系成分复杂,起源古老,分布有许多单型属和古老的孑遗植物,共有珍稀植物19种,其中国家一级保护植物2种,国家二级保护植物8种,国家三级保护植物3种,尚未列入保护等级的有6种。     

山西保德印度熊一新种

记述了印度熊一新种,Indarctos zdanskyi。正型标本是保存在一起的相当完好的头骨、下颌和寰椎,采白山西保德赵家沟的三趾马红土层中。新种以个体大,头骨矢状嵴高耸,乳突特别粗大并向外伸展,外耳道很细长,内鼻孔特别窄长,下颌联合后缘接近p4,颊齿相对较小,前臼齿高度退化,P4长于M1,m1前窄后宽,而m2前宽后窄而区别于本属已知各种。