中国片叶蝉属二新种(同翅目:叶蝉科:离脉叶蝉亚科)

片叶蝉属ＴｈａｇｒｉａＭｅｌｉｃｈａｒ是离脉叶蝉亚科Ｃｏｅｌｉｄｉｎａｅ中最大的类群,全世界已知１９０种,主要分布于东洋区、澳洲区和古北区［１］,我国记录有４１种［２～５］”。该属不同于离脉叶蝉亚科其它属的显著特点在于：尾节端背缘有成对突起;阳茎简...     

Ji科昆虫地理分布研究初探

本文就Ｊｉ科昆虫的起源,各亚科,族及属的分布特点进行了分析和总结在大并根据各属的世界分布情况,将其分为８种类型,文中还就中国Ｊｉ科昆虫的地理分布及特点作了初步的探讨,结果表明：在我国已知的２亚科４族２０个属中,东洋区分布的有１０个属,其中３布于我国;古北区分布的有１个属,东洋－古北区分布的３个属,东洋－新北区分布的有１个属,东洋－古北－新北发布的有４个属,东洋－古北－新生－非洲区的有１个属,此外,     

科昆虫地理分布研究初探

本文就科昆虫的起源,各亚科、族及属的分布特点进行了分析和总结;并根据各属的世界分布情况,将其分为８种类型。文中还就中国科昆虫的地理分布及特点作了初步的探讨,结果表明：在我国已知的２亚科４族２０个属中,东洋区分布的有１０个属,其中有３个属仅分布于我国;古北区分布的有１个属;东洋－古北区分布的有３个属;东洋－新北区分布的有１个属;东洋－古北－新北区分布的有４个属;东洋－古北－新北－非洲区分布的有１个属。此外,科昆虫在中国的一个主要分布特点就是多数种类集中分布于华中区、华南区和西南区;而华中区则很可能是科种类的分化中心,并以此为中心向其他区扩散。     

(虫+责)科昆虫地理分布研究初探

本文就(虫+责)科昆虫的起源，各亚科、族及属的分布特点进行了分析和总结；并根据各属的世界分布情况，将其分为8种类型。文中还就中国(虫+责)科昆虫的地理分布及特点作了初步的探讨，结果表明：在我国已知的2亚科4族20个属中，东洋区分布的有10个属，其中有3个属仅分布于我国；古北区分布的有1个属；东洋-古北区分布的有3个属；东洋-新北区分布的有1个属；东洋-古北-新北区分布的有4个属；东洋-古北-新北-非洲区分布的有1个属。此外，(虫+责)科昆虫在中国的一个主要分布特点就是多数种类集中分布于华中区、华南区和西南区；而华中区则很可能是(虫+责)科种类的分化中心，并以此为中心向其他区扩散。     

中国盗猎蝽属一新记录种——红缘盗猎蝽(半翅目:猎蝽科:盗猎蝽亚科)

狭义的盗猎蝽属是猎蝽科盗猎蝽亚科中1个较大的属,已知约40个有效种,主要分布于古北区、东洋区和非洲区,中国已知6种.我们在对新疆半翅目多样性的研究过程中,发现了广布于古北区的红缘盗猎蝽Peirates hybridus(Scopoli,1763).本文重新描述了这一中国新记录种;该种体中型,体表大部分区域黑色,革片、侧...     

中国高冠角蝉族的记述

角蝉科分为7亚科,古北区只有露盾角蝉亚科Centrotinae和管尾角蝉亚科Dar-thulinae(我们1979年新设立的)两个亚科。露盾角蝉亚科我国已记载的21属154种,通常划分为7族,高冠角蝉族Hypsauchenini是其中的一个。 高冠角蝉族的最显著特征,是前胸背板有一个竖立的前角突;前足胫节不呈叶状。 本族全世界已记载的8属47种,其中只3属3种分布于我国,其余属种多分布于印     

中国的金蝇

金蝇属(Chrysomyia R.-D.或Chrysomya R.-D.)分布在古北区南部、东洋区、澳洲区和非洲区,是丽蝇科(Calliphoridae)中的金蝇亚科(Chrysomyiinae)分布在我国境内唯一的属。 本属的某些种类是危害人畜的重要蝇种。如大头金蝇,是我国重要的粪生蝇类之一。幼虫主要孳生在稀人类中,成蝇出现于厕所、粪堆,同时亦常飞集到我们的食物和餐具上,     

中国海南长足寄蝇属一新种(双翅目,寄蝇科)

长足寄蝇属幼虫主要寄生于土壤中生活的金龟总科昆虫,分布于东洋区、非洲热带区和古北区,其幼虫尾节背部均具2根特征性长鬃,区别于长足寄蝇族其它属而为一单系群.记述了采自我国海南省的长足寄蝇属1新种:海南长足寄蝇Dexia hainanensis sp.nov.,与分布东洋区的异长足寄蝇Dexia divergens Walker近似,但胸部背板黑色内侧纵条较窄,雌、雄腹部第3背板均具完整的1列后缘鬃,肛尾叶较窄.新种模式标本保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所.     

勾天牛属一新种(鞘翊目：天牛科)

勾天牛属Exocentrus隶属于沟胫天牛亚科,由Mulsant建立于1839年,模式种为Exocentrus cinereus Mulsant,主要分布于古北区,非洲,东洋区,澳洲及新热带区,全世界已知近300种,我国记载的种数不超过其1/10。本属体小型,较平坦,体表常被有似直立的毛或刚毛。头宽,触角基瘤分开,头顶较平,很少凹入,触角略长于体长,触角内侧下     

拟隐脉叶蝉属新种记述(同翅目:隐脉叶蝉科)

本文记述拟隐脉叶蝉属(Pseudonirvana Baker,1923)七个新种。此属隶于隐脉叶蝉科(Nirvanidae)。主要分布于东洋区,至目前为止已知二十一种,我国记载有四种,现在发现的七个新种采自我国中、南部,记述如下。所有模式标本均存放于安徽农学院。 1.赤条拟隐脉叶蝉Pseudonirvana rufofascia新种(图1) 头冠部向前延伸突出,中长大于二复眼间宽1.5倍,大于前胸背板长1.5倍强,侧缘在复眼前有很短一段平直,而后向前收狭致顶端尖圆,具中脊与缘脊,中脊伸近顶端,缘脊于     

中国海南省金小蜂分类研究（膜翅目：小蜂总科：金小蜂科）

首次系统研究并报道了中国海南省分布的金小蜂,记录１５属１９种,编制了属种检索表。同时初步探讨了海南省与洲、非洲之间在金小蜂分布上的关系。     

MtDNA phylogeny and biogeography of Copelatinae, a highly diverse group of tropical diving beetles (Dytiscidae)

Copelatinae is a diverse lineage of diving beetles (Dytiscidae) frequently encountered in wet tropical and subtropical forests, but phylogenetic relationships are very poorly understood. We performed a phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of this worldwide distributed group based on 50 species including a representative sample of major taxonomic groups and biogeographical regions. DNA sequences were obtained for the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome b, and 16S rRNA, for a total of 1575 aligned nucleotide positions. We found Copelatinae to be monophyletic, placed in a derived position and not sister to all remaining dytiscids, as had been suggested by earlier authors. The largest genus, Copelatus with some 460 known species was paraphyletic with respect to the smaller genera Lacconectus and Aglymbus. Among the major lineages of Copelatus, the subgenus Papuadytes was consistently recovered as sister to all other species (including Lacconectus and Aglymbus) with the possible exception of two western Palearctic taxa. We propose that the subgenus Papuadytes is removed from Copelatus and assigned generic status. Likewise, the two western Palearctic Copelatus are removed from this genus, and assigned the available genus name Liopterus. Our best phylogenetic hypothesis retrieved Afrotropical and New Guinean plus Australian species of Copelatus as monophyletic. Asian species were paraphyletic with respect to a species from Sulawesi which grouped with the species from New Guinea. Asian species were also paraphyletic with respect to Oriental Lacconectus, which was grouped with a clade of Neotropical species. Neotropical Copelatus form at least two separate lineages. The biogeographical evolution of Papuadytes is consistent with the relative age of the landmasses in the Austral region. Basal species are Australian, and successively derived ones are from New Caledonia and New Guinea. One species apparently dispersed from New Caledonia to China. Assuming a molecular clock and using a standard calibration of 2% divergence/MY the origin of Copelatinae is estimated to be between 85 and 95 MY.     

Global diversity of water mites (Acari,Hydrachnidia; Arachnida) in freshwater

The Hydrachnidia (water mites) represent the most important group of the Arachnida in fresh water. Over 6,000 species have been described worldwide, representing 57 families, 81 subfamilies and more than 400 genera. The article analyzes extant water mite diversity and biogeography. Data on distribution and species richness of water mites are substantial but still far from complete. Many parts of the world are poorly investigated, Oriental and Afrotropical regions in particular. Moreover, information among different freshwater habitats is unbalanced with springs and interstitial waters disproportionately unrepresented. Therefore, more than 10,000 species could be reasonably expected to occur in inland waters worldwide. Based on available information, the Palaearctic region represents one of the better investigated areas with the highest number of species recorded (1,642 species). More than 1,000 species have been recorded in each of the Neotropical (1,305 species) and Nearctic regions (1,025 species). Known species richness is lower in Afrotropical (787 species) and Australasian (694 species) regions, and lowest in the Oriental region (554 species). The total number of genera is not correlated with species richness and is distinctly higher in the Neotropical (164 genera); genus richness is similar in the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Australasian regions (128–131 genera) and is lower in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions with 110 and 94 genera, respectively. A mean number of about three genera per family occur in the Palaeartic, Nearctic and Oriental while an average of more than four genera characterizes the families of Australasian and Afrotropical regions and more than five genera those of the Neotropical. Australasian fauna is also characterized by the highest percentage of endemic genera (62%), followed by Neotropical (50.6%) and Afrotropical (47.2%) regions. Lower values are recorded for the Palaearctic (26.9%), Oriental (24.4%) and Nearctic (21.4%). The Palaearctic and Nearctic have the highest faunistic similarity, some minor affinities are also evident for the generic diversification of Holarctic and Oriental families. The faunas of Southern Hemisphere bioregions are more distinct and characterized by the presence of ancient Gondwanan clades with a regional diversification particularly evident in the Neotropics and Australasia. This scenario of water mite diversity and distribution reflect the basic vicariance pattern, isolation, phylogenetic diversification, recent climatic vicissitudes and episodes of dispersal between adjacent land masses together with extant ecological factors can be evoked to explain distribution patterns at a global scale. Guest editors: E. V. Balian, C. Lévêque, H. Segers & K. Martens Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment     

Phylogeny and classification of the leafhopper subfamily Eurymelinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) inferred from molecules and morphology

Phylogenetic analysis of the globally distributed arboreal leafhopper subfamily Eurymelinae was conducted based on DNA sequence data from three nuclear and two mitochondrial genes in addition to 86 discrete morphological characters. The analysis included 89 species representing 61 genera from all major biogeographic regions including six species from outgroups, Megophthalminae and Ulopinae. Trees resulting from partitioned Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of the combined data were well resolved and largely congruent, differing mainly in the relationships among the earliest diverging lineages. The results are consistent with an expanded concept of Eurymelinae, including tribes Austroagalloidini and Macropsini. Six monophyletic groups are recognized as new tribes, Balocerini, Chiasmodolini, Chileanoscopini, Idioceroidini, Kopamerrini and Nesocerini, tribe n. , and the previously recognized tribes Eurymelini, Idiocerini and Megipocerini are redefined. A new synonym, Busonini Zhang & Li, 2015 syn.n. is proposed here for Megipocerini Isaev, 1988. Molecular divergence time estimates were calibrated using two fossil taxa and suggested that the earliest divergences occurred in the Lower Cretaceous and that most major lineages of this group arose during the Cretaceous. Reconstruction of ancestral areas revealed considerable continental-scale biogeographical structure. The place of origin of Eurymelinae is equivocal but major lineages arose in the Neotropical, Australian and Afrotropical regions. A key to tribes and a checklist of genera showing current tribal placements are provided.     

SYSTEMATIC NOTES (Part I)

Declines in populations of Palearctic migrants wintering in the Sahel of Africa have been linked to the impacts of climate change and habitat degradation in the region. Despite this, there is an almost complete lack of data on the density and distribution of Palearctic migrants wintering in the Sahel and whether they have the same habitat requirements as similar, resident Afrotropical species. We measured the density of five species of Palearctic warblers (Sylviidae) and 10 species of Afrotropical gleaning passerines (Sylviidae, Nectariniidae, Malaconotidae and Ploceidae) at 16 sites in the Sahel of northern Nigeria between October and April during two winters. Two species of Afrotropical gleaner (Hippolais pallida and Ploceus luteolus) showed seasonal variation in abundance, but this variation was unlikely to have decreased Afrotropical densities sufficiently to change the degree of competition experienced by Palearctic migrants. This observation, combined with a positive correlation between abundances of Afrotropical and Palearctic species, suggests that these two groups occur together and have similar spatial and temporal habitat requirements, and therefore possibly similar responses to habitat degradation. Sylvia communis appears to be the principal species utilising the region during spring migration, presumably for fattening prior to the trans-Saharan crossing, and is thus perhaps the most vulnerable species to habitat loss in the region.     

A revision of the higher taxonomy of the Afrotropical freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) with a discussion of their biogeography

The higher taxonomy of the 20 known genera of Afrotropical freshwater crabs is revised to reflect the evolutionary relationships revealed by the consensus of a series of recent morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies of the group. The Afrotropical freshwater crab genera fall into two monophyletic groups, one from Socotra with two genera (Potamidae) and another that includes the remaining 18 genera. The latter group, which includes the bulk of the region's freshwater crab fauna, forms a well-supported monophyletic clade. We recognize two monophyletic sister groups (subfamilies) within the Potamonautidae, one for seven genera from Africa (the Potamonautinae) and one for 11 genera from Africa, the Seychelles, and Madagascar (the Deckeniinae). The Deckeniinae includes two monophyletic groups (tribes), one with seven genera from Madagascar (the Hydrothelphusini), and one with four genera from Africa and the Seychelles (the Deckeniini). The Deckeniini is further divided here into two subtribes, the Deckeniina and the Globonautina. The Platythelphusidae is not recognized, and the Deckeniidae and Globonautinae are lowered in rank. There is no phylogenetic support for the continued inclusion of any genus from the Afrotropical region in the Gecarcinucidae which is treated here as an exclusively Oriental family. The Afrotropical freshwater crabs (excluding those from Socotra) form a monophyletic assemblage that has no representatives outside of the region. The wider biogeographical implications of the taxonomic revision are discussed.  © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 93 , 399–413.     

世界蜘蛛的分布格局及其多元相似性聚类分析

蜘蛛是一类种类繁多、数量巨大、分布广泛的捕食性生物。至2012年底,全世界共有蜘蛛43678种（包括亚种）,隶属于112科3898属。科、属、种3个分类阶元的分布域非常悬殊,90%的种分布在一个界内,90%的科是跨界分布或全球分布。按行政区域,亚洲种类较多,欧洲较少,南极洲没有蜘蛛记录;按动物地理区域,古北界和新热带界较多,新北界较少。根据地理条件、生态条件和蜘蛛的分布状况,将全球陆地分为53个基础地理单元,用申效诚等新近提出的相似性通用公式和据此创立的多元相似性聚类分析方法,分别对属、种两级的分布进行分析,得到两个聚类结构相同、聚类关系合理的支序图,而且属级的支序图层次更为分明,在相似性水平为0.32时,53个基础地理单元聚为17个小单元群,在0,22水平上,又聚为8个大单元群。这些大、小单元群的组成单元地域相邻相连,生态条件相对一致,可以作为蜘蛛地理区划的界、亚界两个层级。和华莱士主要以哺乳动物建立的世界动物地理区划相比,主要差异是：1、古北界东、西两部分差异显著,可分设两界;2、新西兰和澳洲大陆相似性较低,可单独设界;3、新几内亚和太平洋岛屿与澳洲大陆的关系远于和东洋界的关系,华莱士线在两界间的作用似乎不存在; 4、新热带界的中美地区似乎属于新北界更为合适,并由此产生了南北美洲间的紧密联系;5、新北界与古北界的相似性关系弱于与新热带界的关系,全北界的概念几近消失。前两点差异可以从地球板块构造的变动得到解释,第3、5个差异已在植物和其它生物类群得到佐证,第4个差异尚不稳定,需要更多类群的比较与分析。使用多元相似性聚类分析方法对于如此典型的点状分布的生物类群和如此海量的数据,能够得到如此精细的,既符合地理学、统计学的逻辑,又符合生物学、生态学逻辑的定量分析结果,这在国内外都是首次成功尝试,其简便性和合理性将会促使在其它类群中的应用。     

重庆茶园蚁科昆虫区系分析

为了筛选对茶叶害虫有控制作用的蚂蚁种类,采用样地调查法研究了重庆地区茶园蚁科昆虫进行区系。发现蚁科昆虫4亚科,19属,39种,其中记录中国特有种7个,重庆新记录种37个。区系分析表明：重庆地区茶园蚂蚁区系在属级水平上以东洋界和古北界成分为主体,与马来西亚界和非洲界关系最紧密,与马拉加西界关系最远;在种级水平上以东洋界成分为主体,与古北界关系最紧密,与非洲界和马拉加西界关系最远;在中国动物地理区划中以华中区成分为主体,与其它地理区之间随着距离增加,关系逐步疏远。