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1.
向日葵作为我国五大油料作物之一,具有极高的食用价值和油用价值。向日葵在我国的种植分布集中在东北、西北和华北地区,时常面临着干旱、盐碱、温度和重金属胁迫的问题。主要综述了近年来向日葵面临的几种主要逆境胁迫的最新研究进展,以及在不同逆境胁迫下向日葵的耐受机制,并根据不同逆境胁迫筛选出了相应的抗逆向日葵品种,同时进行了生理差异和基因信息分析。通过阐明向日葵在逆境胁迫下的耐受机制,以期对向日葵高产育种及耐逆育种提供理论依据和指导方向。  相似文献   

2.
Phillips JR  Dalmay T  Bartels D 《FEBS letters》2007,581(19):3592-3597
It was recently discovered that plants respond to environmental stress not only with a specific gene expression programme at the mRNA and protein level but also small RNAs as response modulators play an important role. The small RNAs lead to cleavage or translational inhibition of mRNAs via complementary target sites. Different examples are described where small RNAs have been shown to be involved in stress responses. A link between hormonal action and small RNA activities has frequently been observed thus coupling exogenous factors with endogenous transmitters. Using the CDT-1 gene from the desiccation tolerant plant Craterostigma plantagineum as an example, it is discussed that generation of novel small RNAs could be an evolutionary pathway in plants to adapt to extreme environments.  相似文献   

3.
Desiccation, resulting from extremely dry environmental conditions, is a serious obstacle to the survival of organisms. Water is vital for the maintenance of intracellular structure and prevents the irreversible formation of aggregates, an occurrence leading to loss of cellular function. To characterize genetic variation in desiccation stress resistance (DSR) in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, an intercontinental set of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) is used. Flies are exposed to a low humidity environment (<10% relative humidity) at a constant temperature of 25 °C. Desiccation stress resistance is higher in RIL derived from a backcross to the parental stock sensitive to heat stress (from Denmark) than in RIL derived from the reciprocal backcross to the heat‐stress resistant stock (from Australia). Composite interval mapping reveals significant quantitative trail loci (QTL) for DSR in the set of RIL. Both major and minor effects QTL are detected, suggesting a complex genetic architecture. When compared with a previous investigation performed on the same set of RIL, the present study indicates that not all traits of resistance to environmental stressors are affected in the same direction by segregating co‐localized QTL.  相似文献   

4.
Among the heat shock proteins (HSPs) of higher plants, those belonging to the small HSP (sHSP) family remain the least characterized in functional terms. To improve our understanding of sHSPs, we have characterized RcHSP17.8 from Rosa chinensis . Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis reveal this to be a cytosolic class I sHSP. RcHSP17.8 expression in R. chinensis was induced by heat, cold, salt, drought, osmotic and oxidative stresses. Recombinant RcHSP17.8 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and yeast to study its possible function under stress conditions. The recombinant E. coli and yeast cells that accumulated RcHSP17.8 showed improved viability under thermal, salt and oxidative stress conditions compared with control cultures. We also produced transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana that constitutively expressed RcHSP17.8. These plants exhibited increased tolerance to heat, salt, osmotic and drought stresses. These results suggest that R. chinensis cytosolic class I sHSP (RcHSP17.8) has the ability to confer stress resistance not only to E. coli and yeast but also to plants grown under a wide variety of unfavorable environmental conditions.  相似文献   

5.
转录因子是一类在生物生命活动过程中起到调控作用的重要因子,参与了各种信号转导和调控过程,可以直接或间接结合在顺式作用元件上,实现调控目标基因转录效率的抑制或增强,从而使植物在应对逆境胁迫下做出反应。 WRKY转录因子在大多数植物体内都有分布,是一类进化非常保守的转录因子家族,参与植物生长发育以及响应逆境胁迫的生理过程。众多研究表明,WRKY转录因子在植物中能够应答各种生物胁迫,如细菌、病毒和真菌等;多种非生物胁迫,包括高温、冷害、高光和高盐等;以及在各种植物激素,包括茉莉酸( JA)、水杨酸( SA)、脱落酸( ABA)和赤霉素( GA)等,在其信号传递途径中都起着重要作用。 WRKY转录因子家族蛋白至少含有一段60个氨基酸左右的高度保守序列,被称为WRKY结构域,其中WRKYGQK多肽序列是最为保守的,因此而得名。该转录因子的WRKY结构域能与目标基因启动子中的顺式作用元件W ̄box( TTGAC序列)特异结合,从而调节目标基因的表达,其调控基因表达主要受病原菌、虫咬、机械损伤、外界胁迫压力和信号分子的诱导。该文介绍了植物WRKY转录因子在植物应对冷害、干旱、高盐等非生物胁迫与病菌、虫害等生物胁迫反应中的重要调控功能,并总结了WRKY转录因子在调控这些逆境胁迫反应过程中的主要生理机制。  相似文献   

6.
旨在揭示马铃薯OSM-3b基因表达对胁迫的响应。分离获得了OSM-3b的cDNA,构建OSM-3b的重组菌株DH-OSM,实现OSM-3b在大肠杆菌中的表达,RT-PCR检测了NaCl和PEG6000不同浓度梯度下OSM-3b的表达。结果显示,NaCl浓度在1%以上随盐浓度升高,OSM-3b mRNA的表达逐渐下降;在PEG6000浓度从0.25%升至4.0%时,OSM-3b的mRNA表达明显上升;在NaCl胁迫和PEG6000浓度梯度渗透胁迫下,重组菌株DH-OSM菌的菌落存活数统计分析结果显示,在不同NaCl浓度下重组菌的菌落存活数与对照趋势一致,重组菌菌落存活数峰值出现在的PEG6000浓度2.0%时,而对照菌DH-28c峰值则出现在PEG6000浓度1.0%时。结果表明,OSM-3b在大肠杆菌中表达对NaCl胁迫没有响应,但可缓冲渗透胁迫对其存活的影响。  相似文献   

7.
The role of phytochrome in stress tolerance   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
It is well-documented that phytochromes can control plant growth and development from germination to flowering. Additionally, these photoreceptors have been shown to modulate both biotic and abiotic stress. This has led to a series of studies exploring the molecular and biochemical basis by which phytochromes modulate stresses, such as salinity, drought, high light or herbivory. Evidence for a role of phytrochromes in plant stress tolerance is explored and reviewed.  相似文献   

8.
9.
盐碱混合生态条件的人工模拟及其对羊草胁迫作用因素分析   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
将中性盐NaCl和Na2SO4,碱性盐NaHCO3和Na2CO3按不同比例混合,模拟出30种盐度和pH各不相同的盐碱生态条件,并对羊草苗进行盐碱混合胁迫处理,测定其日相对生长率(RGR)等7项胁变指标,用数学方法分析盐度,缓冲量等各种胁迫因素与诸项胁变指标间的相互关系,结果表明:30种处理均匀覆盖了总盐度50-350mmol/L,pH7.14-10.81范围内的各种盐碱条件,用盐度,缓冲量,pH和[Cl^-]即可代表盐碱混合胁迫的所有胁迫作用因素,诸胁变指标与这4因素间均具有高度线性相关性,4因素对胁变的贡献明显不同,其中缓冲量和盐度是决定性的主导因素,pH和[Cl^-]的作用明显次之,有时甚至可以忽略,不同胁变指标与各因素的关系也有不同。分析结果表明,对于盐碱混合胁迫来说,以盐度加缓冲量代表总胁强较为合理。  相似文献   

10.
酒酒球菌(Oenococcus oeni)胁迫适应性反应机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
赵文英  李华  王华 《微生物学报》2008,48(4):556-561
苹果酸-乳酸发酵有利于提高葡萄酒品质,为了获得高活性的直投式酒酒球菌发酵制剂,从生理和分子生物学的角度理解该菌种胁迫耐受性增强的机制是必要的.本文就酒酒球菌利用苹果酸-乳酸发酵和膜结合的H -F0F1-ATP酶以维持细胞内环境的稳定和能量供给;胁迫适应过程中细胞膜组分的调整;小热休克蛋白Lo18等胁迫蛋白及其相应的基因的表达和调控等方面进行了综述.胁迫适应性反应机制的研究对发酵剂菌株的筛选、发酵剂的制备及其他工程菌株的构建具有重要意义.  相似文献   

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