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1.
西北太平洋柔鱼耳石微量元素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
耳石是头足类重要的硬组织之一,其微化学被用于头足类生活史的重建、群体划分等渔业生态学领域.本文根据我国鱿钓船2007年在西北太平洋海域生产期间采集的柔鱼样本,利用激光剥蚀电感等离子质谱法(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,LA-ICP-MS)分析了18枚柔鱼耳石的微量元素组成及其分布特性.结果表明:柔鱼耳石主要由55种元素组成,含量最多的前10位元素分别为钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钠(Na)、磷(P)、钾(K)、硅(Si)、镁(Mg)、硼(B)、铁(Fe)和钡(Ba).方差分析表明,不同性别间柔鱼的Ca、Sr、Na、K、Mg、Fe、Ba的含量不存在显著性差异,但P、Si和B含量差异性明显;不同孵化期的群体间Sr和Na含量存在显著性差异,Ca、P、K、Si、Mg、B、Fe和Ba不存在显著性差异;不同耳石部位的Ca、Sr、Na、P、Mg和Ba含量存在显著性差异,而K、Fe、B和Si则不存在显著性差异.研究表明微量元素Sr和Na比较适合用于研究柔鱼的群体划分、洄游史推测等渔业生态学.  相似文献   

2.
耳石是头足类重要的硬组织,其微化学被广泛用于头足类生活史的重建、群体划分等研究领域.本文根据中国灯光罩网渔船于2017年5—8月在中国南海西沙群岛海域采集的鸢乌贼样本,利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)分析了20枚鸢乌贼耳石的元素组成及其分布特性.结果表明: 西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼耳石主要由55种元素组成,含量最多的前10种元素分别为钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钠(Na)、磷(P)、硅(Si)、镁(Mg)、钾(K)、硼(B)、 铁(Fe)和钡(Ba).方差分析表明,不同性别间Ca、Sr、Na、P、Si、Mg、K、Fe、Ba和B的分布均不存在显著性差异;不同孵化群体间Ca、P、B、Fe和Ba的分布也不存在显著性差异,而Si、Sr、Mg、Na和K则差异显著;不同耳石部位间除了Ca和Fe的分布不存在群体间差异外,Sr、Na、P、K、Si、Mg、B、和Ba均存在显著性差异.表明Sr、Na、K 和 Mg可能比较适合用于鸢乌贼群体划分和生活史研究.  相似文献   

3.
为了解长江口近岸水域鮻耳石的元素组成特征,采用激光剥蚀电感等离子质谱法对长江口近岸水域1~6年龄的13个鮻样本的耳石进行了检测。结果表明:鮻耳石中共检测到47种元素,含量前10位的元素依次为钙(Ca)、钠(Na)、锶(Sr)、铁(Fe)、钡(Ba)、镁(Mg)、锰(Mn)、铬(Cr)、锌(Zn)和锂(Li)。其中,Ca是含量最高且最稳定的元素,占检出元素总量的98.9%。鮻耳石含量前10位的元素在雌雄间不存在显著性差异(P0.05),表明雌雄间存在相同的生活履历。基于耳石核心区Sr和Ca的含量比值,推测长江口近岸水域鮻的产卵孵化场位于潮间带淡水和半咸水水域。研究结果为长江口鮻的生境履历重建提供了基础数据和参考。  相似文献   

4.
对喀喇昆仑、昆仑山地区87种植物21个元素含量及区域分异的研究表明,Ca、Cr、Cd、Fe、V含量比高等植物含量偏高,Ph、P的含量偏低。同种植物在不同地点元素含量有差异。盐柴荒漠植物中Na、K、Mg、P含量较高;高山草甸、冰缘植被植物Ba、Ca、Fe、V、Ti含量较高。各植被类型植物元素含量Na/K差异最大,Ca/Mg较小,Fe/Al差异最小。其变异系数分别为153.5、20.5和15.9.%  相似文献   

5.
 本文论述了喀喇昆仑、昆仑山地区87种植物12个元素含量的特征。在含量水平上>10000ppm的元素有K,Ca,800—5000ppm的元素为Na、Mg,Fe、Al,10—100ppm的元素有Ba、Sr、Ti,Mn,V与Be的含量<10ppm。大多数植物Fe、V,Sr的含量高于一般的自然含量。植物中K含量的频数分布呈正态分布,其余元素的频数分布呈对数正态分布。不同植物种元素含量差异较大,Na的变异系数最大,Ca、Mg含量的变异系数最小。同种植物在不同地点元素含量有较大差异,不同植物种差异也不同。如紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)>垫状驼绒藜(Ceratoides compacta)>鼠麴凤毛菊(Saussurea gnaphaloides)。植物中元素含量之间的相关分析表明,Fe、Al,V,Ti之间分别达极显著相关水平。用植物中12个元素的资料,对22种植物进行分类和排序,区分出Na,K型植物和Fe,Al,V,Ba型植物。  相似文献   

6.
为了分析乌苏里白鲑(Coregonus ussuriensis Berg)的洄游生态类型及生境履历, 采用X射线电子探针微区分析技术(EPMA)研究了2013年12月、2014年1月黑龙江干流2尾和松花江干流2尾乌苏里白鲑矢耳石的锶(Sr)、钙(Ca)元素微化学特征。定量线分析结果显示, 乌苏里白鲑耳石锶钙比值(Sr/Ca×103)波动显著, 具有对应淡水生活的低值区(小于5), 而且还有对应咸水生活的高值区(大于10), 显示了乌苏里白鲑的溯河洄游履历; 耳石元素面分析结果也显示乌苏里白鲑的淡水-咸水洄游的特征。结合耳石年轮特征分析, 乌苏里白鲑具有年度(季节)洄游特征, 部分群体有规律在淡水-咸水中季节洄游, 不同个体在淡水、咸水之间停留时间存在较大差异。研究表明, 乌苏里白鲑伴随着季节性洄游特征, 具有江海或者淡水-河口之间洄游的履历。  相似文献   

7.
瓦氏雅罗鱼生殖洄游过程中离子调节相关生理变化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解达里湖瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii)生殖洄游过程中血清离子调节相关生理变化, 对比了达里湖和贡格尔河瓦氏雅罗鱼血清离子(Na+、K+、Cl?、Ca2+和Mg2+)水平, 鳃、肠和肾组织Na+/K+-ATPase和鳃Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase活性、血清催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)和类胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平及鳃组织结构差异; 并利用实验生态学方法, 研究达里湖中瓦氏雅罗鱼转入贡格尔河水24h后上述生理参数的响应。研究结果显示, 与达里湖未洄游的瓦氏雅罗鱼相比, 洄游到贡格尔河后其血清Na+含量显著降低(P<0.05), Cl?含量显著升高(P<0.05), 肾脏和肠组织中Na+/K+-ATPase活性显著升高(P<0.05), 而鳃组织中Na+/K+-ATPase活性无显著变化; 血清K+、Ca2+、Mg2+水平和GH、IGF-1、PRL含量无显著变化。将达里湖瓦氏雅罗鱼转入河水中24h后, 其血清Cl?含量显著升高(P<0.05)、K+含量显著降低(P<0.05), 且在鳃、肠和肾组织中Na+/K+-ATPase及鳃Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase活性均显著升高(P<0.05), 血清PRL和IGF-1水平显著升高(P<0.05); 比较湖中和河中瓦氏雅罗鱼鳃组织形态结构, 显示湖中瓦氏雅罗鱼鳃基底膜分布着大量黏液细胞, 洄游到河水中后黏液细胞数量明显减少, 鳃基底膜上氯细胞体积增大而数量未见明显变化。本研究结果表明: 瓦氏雅罗鱼从达里湖洄游到贡格尔河后通过提高血清PRL和IGF-1水平, 进而介导鳃、肠和肾组织中Na+/K+-ATPase活性增加, 从而维持鱼体较高或稳定的血清离子水平。  相似文献   

8.
有明银鱼耳石显微结构和微化学研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
1998年从鸭绿江捕取有明银鱼成鱼 ,生物学测量后剖出耳石。每尾鱼 1对矢耳石中的 1个用于制片 ,显微镜下观察其显微结构 ,另 1个制片镀碳膜后 ,用扫描电子微探针测定Sr和Ca的浓度比率。Sr和Ca分析的标准样用SrSO4 和CaSO4 。 31尾鱼 (体长 116~ 15 7mm)耳石长半径 (Y)与鱼体长 (X)成线性关系 ,其方程式为Y =2 72 16X +9 2 2 92 ,r =0 9178,P <0 0 1。耳石中心和耳石原基的平均直径分别为 2 2 5 5± 2 88μm和6 95± 1 30 μm。 13尾鱼耳石上的日轮数为 30 5~ 35 4,大约在 45~ 70日轮处出现过渡轮。日轮间距 0 94~ 1 14μm ,最大间距在 190~ 2 2 0日轮处 ,最小间距出现在 2 80日轮之后。耳石中Sr、Ca浓度比例在第 5至第 7测点出现第 1个高峰 ,这与稚鱼为了越冬洄游到海中时间相吻合。第 2个高峰出现在 2 8~ 32测点 ,这与鱼产卵上溯洄游时间相符。个体发育过程中生理和生态条件的变化 ,可引起耳石中Sr、Ca比率的改变 ,但栖息水域盐度的突然改变是导致Sr、Ca比率显著增高的主导因素。  相似文献   

9.
南京栖霞山地区树木元素富集的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
 本文用树木元素富集系数(T/S)来研究南京栖霞山铅锌多金属矿区树木—土壤系统中元素的富集特性。结果表明,树木对土壤中K、P二个元素的吸收基本与树种和开矿活动关系不大。黑松对Cr、Al,马尾松对Mn、Pb、Co、Ni、枫杨对P,刺槐对Mg、Na,Ti,栎对Zn、Ca、K、Fe、Sr、Ba、V,槐树对Cu均有最大的富集系数。黑松树龄对Co、K、Zn含量和Ca的富集系数有一定的影响。另外,Co—Ni、Sr—Ba的T/S曲线分别呈正相关,表现出这两组元素各自的地球化学共轭性。  相似文献   

10.
伯乐树(Bretscheneidera sinensis Hemsl.)是我国特有珍稀的孑遗植物和国家一级重点保护野生植物。探讨伯乐树种子发育过程中Mg、Ca、Na、P、K、Fe等矿质元素的动态变化与累积规律,对理解伯乐树的生理生化特点以及播种育苗、扩大种群数量具有重要意义。研究表明:伯乐树种子中的矿质元素含量依次为P﹥K﹥Ca﹥Na﹥Mg﹥Fe;在不同萌发阶段的伯乐树种子中,Mg、P、K三种元素含量逐步升高,而Ca、Na、Fe三种元素含量则表现为先增后降的动态变化。  相似文献   

11.
Squid species are important components of the Southern Atlantic Ocean ecosystems, as they prey on a wide range of crustaceans, fish and cephalopods. As a result of this trophic interaction and their high abundance, they are considered reliable indicators of energy transfer and biomass in the food web. We identified Illex argentinus, Doryteuthis gahi and Onykia ingens as the most important squid species interacting on the Patagonian shelf, and used isotope analysis and stomach content identification to assess the feeding ecology and interaction of these squids in the ecosystem. Our results describe trophic interactions by direct predation of O. ingens and I. argentinus on D. gahi, and a trophic overlap of the three squid, and indicate a higher trophic level and differences in the foraging areas for mature and maturing D. gahi inferred through δ15N and δ13C concentrations. These differences were related to the segregation and different habitat of large mature D. gahi and suggest a food enrichment of C and N based on feeding sources other than those used by small maturing D. gahi and I. argentinus and O. ingens.  相似文献   

12.
阿根廷滑柔鱼两个群体间耳石和角质颚的形态差异   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
方舟  陈新军  陆化杰  李建华  刘必林 《生态学报》2012,32(19):5986-5997
头足类硬组织具有稳定的形态特征、良好的信息储存以及抗腐蚀性等特点。根据2007年2—5月和2010年1—3月我国鱿钓船采集的阿根廷滑柔鱼样品,提取出625对耳石和787对角质颚,测量耳石10个形态数据和角质颚12个形态数据,通过除以胴长(Mantle Length,ML)校正后,对南巴塔哥尼亚群体(South Patagonic Stock,SPS)和布宜诺斯艾利斯-巴塔哥尼亚群体(Bonaerensis-Northpatagonic Stock,BNS)形态差异进行分析,并建立不同群体的判别函数。结果表明,BNS群体耳石和角质颚外形参数雌性大于雄性,而SPS群体则为雄性大于雌性。均数差异性检验认为,同一群体不同性别的耳石总长(Total StatolithLength,TSL)、最大宽度(Maximum Width,MW)、侧区长(Lateral Dome Length,LDL)、翼区长(Wing Length,WL)、翼区宽(WingWidth,WW)存在显著差异(P<0.05),同性别不同群体的MW、背侧区长(Dorsal Lateral Length,DLL)、吻侧区长(RostrumLateral Length,RLL)和WW存在显著差异(P<0.05)。而同一群体不同性别间角质颚的上头盖长(Upper Hood length,UHL)、上脊突长(Upper Crest length,UCL)、上喙长(Upper Rostrum length,URL)、上喙宽(Upper rostrum width,URW)、上侧壁长(UpperLateral wall length,ULWL)、下喙长(Lower Rostrum length,LRL)存在显著差异(P<0.01),同一性别不同群体角质颚的下头盖长(Lower Hood length,LHL)、下脊突长(Lower crest length,LCL)、LRL、下喙宽(Lower Rostrum width,LRW)、下侧壁长(LowerLateral wall length,LLWL)、下翼长(Lower Wing length,LWL)存在显著差异(P<0.01)。耳石形态参数经主成分分析,认为BNS群体雌雄的主成分因子主要集中在TSL/ML、DLL/ML、RW/ML和MW/ML,SPS群体主要集中于TSL/ML、RW/ML、WW/ML和DDL/ML;角质颚形态参数经主成分分析,认为BNS群体主成分因子主要集中在UHL/ML、UCL/ML、ULWL/ML和LRW/ML,SPS群体主要集中在UHL/ML、UCL/ML、ULWL/ML、URL/ML、LWL/ML和LRL/ML。利用角质颚和耳石对两群体样本分性别建立了判别函数,判别正确率均高于60%,所划分群体在部分形态指标上差异明显,具有一定的可信度。今后应加强样本采集个体大小和时间跨度,以更好的分析其群体变化规律。  相似文献   

13.
The foraging range and principal feeding areas of White‐chinned Petrels breeding at South Georgia were determined using satellite telemetry. Foraging trips during incubation lasted 12–15 days and covered 3000–8000 km and 2–11 days and 1100–5900 km during chick‐rearing. Adults covered less distance per day during chick‐rearing (71 km) than during incubation (91 km) but the proportion covered at night (47%) was the same. Mean (31–34 km/h) and maximum (80 km/h) flight velocities were similar during both periods of the breeding season and during day and night. Between incubation shifts, White‐chinned Petrels travelled to the Patagonian shelf; during chick‐rearing they foraged more extensively. Most locations were between 30° to 55°W and 52° to 60°W around South Georgia/Shag Rocks and south to the South Orkney Islands. Diet samples from known foraging locations suggested birds fed mainly on krill and squid. They caught the squid Brachioteuthis? picta and Galiteuthis glacialis around Shag Rocks/South Georgia and also at sites close to the South Orkney Islands; Illex argentinus on the Patagonian shelf. Dispersal of adults after breeding failure was south to the South Orkney Islands then west to the Falkland Islands. This study confirms that breeding White‐chinned Petrels are amongst the widest‐ranging of seabirds; they may minimise competition with other Procellariiformes in the South Atlantic by their more extensive foraging range. The nature and extent of their range also brings substantial risk of high mortality rate in South Atlantic long‐line fisheries.  相似文献   

14.
We examined the stomachs of 25 false killer whales collected from a mass stranding of 181 animals along both coasts of the Strait of Magellan, Chile, in March 1989. The 21 stomachs (nine males and 12 females), with food remains contained 11 prey species (nine cephalopods and two fishes) with a total of 442 individuals. Except for one case, food remains were meager, indicating that the animals had not eaten for some time or through stress had vomited on the beach. Eleven of the 21 animals had mud (often with squid beaks) in the esophagus and first stomach. The prey were identified employing squid beaks, fish otoliths and bones, and their wet weights were estimated using regressions between hard parts and known weights of species. The most important prey were the oceanic and neritic-oceanic squids, Martialia byadesi and Illex argentinus, followed by the neritic fish, Macruronus magellanicus. Of less importance were the oceanic squid, Todaroes fillipovae, the oceanic and epipelagic octopus, Ocytboe sp., and the oceanic squid, Moroteuthis ingens. The rest of the prey were poorly represented and included four oceanic squids and one neritic fish. The prey species of these animals were subantarctic, with two antarctic species, abundant over the Patagonian shelf and adjacent oceanic waters around Tierra del Fuego.  相似文献   

15.
The short life span of cephalopods suggests a potential for high sensitivity to the artificial selective effects of human exploitation. To explore the effects of such selection life-history optimisation was applied using data for a semelparous squid, Illex argentinus with a life span of one year. Survival and fecundity functions were combined to generate a life time reproductive potential function. The maximum reproductive potential identified the optimum age for the squid to mature. In a situation of a constant mortality rate the maximum reproductive potential was achieved at an earlier age of maturation as mortality rate increased. The exact age when the optimum maturation occurs is sensitive to the rate of mortality and the form of the assumed growth curve but covers the age range when maturation is known to occur in this species. A more realistic seasonal fishing mortality function produced a more complex fitness curve with a temporally more restricted optimal age of maturity. The selection effects will be stronger in a seasonal fishery suggesting potentially very rapid evolutionary rates. Developing analyses specifically considering frequency-dependence and environmental-feedbacks will be valuable to clarify the potential of squid to show rapid evolutionary responses to selection. Strong selection for early age of maturation could affect the yield from the fishery but more importantly, could also make the migratory strategy, on which the fishery is based, an unviable option, resulting in collapse of the fishery that exploits the migratory component of the species. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

16.
基于GLBM模型的中国大陆阿根廷滑柔鱼鱿钓渔业CPUE标准化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陆化杰  陈新军  曹杰 《生态学报》2013,33(17):5375-5384
西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼既是西南大西洋生态系统中的重要种类,也是鱿钓渔业的重要捕捞对像.单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)是表示渔业资源状况及其丰度的常用指标.根据2000-2010年中国大陆鱿钓船在西南大西洋的生产统计数据和海洋卫星遥感获得的海洋环境数据(表温,表温水平梯度,海面高度,叶绿素浓度),利用基于贝叶斯的广义线性模型(GLBM),分未加入固定交互选项、加入固定交互选项和加入随机交互选项3种情况对中国大陆西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼鱿钓渔业的CPUE进行标准化.根据偏差信息准则(DIC)值最小来确定最佳贝叶斯模型.结果表明,包含纬度、海表温度、表温水平梯度、海面高度、月×纬度、月×经度及年×纬度变量且加入随机交互项的GLBM模型为最适.标准化后的CPUE较名义CPUE小,年间变化平缓.与广义线性模型(GLM)和广义加性模型(GAM)标准化的CPUE比较,GLBM模型更能反映其资源丰度的真实水平.研究认为,2001-2010年间经GLBM模型标准化后的CPUE呈现逐年下降的趋势.  相似文献   

17.
Short-finned squid Illex argentinus (Omastrephidae) is an economically important species which supports a long-term and intensive commercial fishery in the South-West Atlantic Ocean. In this study, the genetic variability of allozymes (40 loci) and mitochondrial regions, COI (556 bp) and 16S rDNA (439 bp), were addressed in the two most important species’ spawning stocks, the Summer Spawning Stock (SSS) and the South Patagonic Stock (SPS). Five out of 20 polymorphic allozyme loci were polymorphic at 95% criterion and heterozygosity levels were low. The concatenated analysis of mitochondrial molecular markers revealed high to low values of haplotype and nucleotide diversity, respectively. Nuclear and mitochondrial data revealed no significant genetic differences between these two spawning stocks. Our results and the biological characteristics of I. argentinus deal with a no simple genetic structure of populations described as spatial and temporal chaotic patchiness. SSS and SPS spawning stocks of I. argentinus could not be elevated to the status of genetic stocks.  相似文献   

18.
We used a comprehensive dataset on the diet of Squalus acanthias in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (35–55°S) to test the hypothesis that fishery has caused a decrease in the trophic level of this species (fishing down process). Of 3,644 stomachs examined between the years 1985 and 2010, 2,214 (60.77%) contained prey items. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the support in our data for five explanatory variables (sex, predator’s total length, season, region and decade) that may explain the consumption of the given prey. The frequency of fish, mainly Merluccius hubbsi, and benthos in the stomachs decreased through time, whereas the squid Illex argentinus and jellyfishes exhibited positive trends. The trophic level of S. acanthias declined from the 1980s to the 1990s due to the high consumption of prey items at lower trophic levels. On the other hand, the consumption of argentine anchovy, Engraulis anchoita, an underexploited species, did not reveal changes through time.  相似文献   

19.
We quantified the trophic niche of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) breeding and moulting in Golfo San Jorge, Argentina, through conventional stomach content and stable isotope analysis. A total of 112 adults were flushed during the early and late chick stages of 2011 and 2012 at Isla Vernacci Norte, and at least 15 prey taxa were found, including fishes, cephalopods, crustaceans and polychaetes. Overall, Argentine anchovy (Engraulis anchoita) showed the highest contribution in terms of importance by mass (68.1–85.3%, depending on chick stage and year), except for the old chick stage in 2011 when the shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) was the main prey consumed (56.0%). Based on carbon and nitrogen isotopic values from a total of 256 blood samples, corresponding to young and old chicks and to adults of both sexes sampled throughout the incubation, chick and moult stages at the above mentioned colony and years, Bayesian mixing model outputs showed that Argentine anchovy was always the main prey (48–86%). Bayesian mixing model outputs obtained from adults of both sexes and their chicks during the late chick stage of 2013 at Isla Vernacci Norte, Isla Tova and Isla Leones also showed that Argentine anchovy was the main prey consumed. This is the first comprehensive assessment of Magellanic penguin diet composition in northern Patagonia, quantifying the relative contribution of prey in the diet of adults and chicks at different stages of the annual cycle and years, and confirms the relevance of a forage fish such as the Argentine anchovy in its trophic ecology.  相似文献   

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