圆柏组织培养繁殖研究

用５年生圆柏幼嫩茎段为外植体,研究植物生长调节剂对试管苗的调控作用及增殖效果。结果表明：在１／２ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,试管苗分化率为９５．０％,生长发育良好。在ＭＳ｜ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,增殖效果较好。     

香豆素浓度及光照条件对马铃薯试管薯诱导影响初步研究

利用马铃薯脱毒苗直接在三角瓶中诱导马铃薯结薯,试图在更少的空间和更短的时间内诱导出大量试管薯,以便于大规模工厂化生产,获得高质量的原种。在不同香豆素浓度、不同光照条件下对马铃薯试管薯诱导进行研究,结果表明,全黑暗条件对试管薯形成、结薯数和平均单薯重有促进作用;培养基中加入60mg／L香豆素明显提前试管薯形成期,显著增加结薯数;加入30mg／L香豆素显著提高单薯重。     

水杨酸对黄瓜叶片抗氧化剂酶系的调节作用

分析了水杨酸（ＳＡ）对黄瓜（ＣｕｃｕｍｉｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬ．）叶片抗氧化剂酶系活性及活性氧水平的调节作用。不同浓度的ＳＡ（０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）均能显著地提高被处理叶片超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性,而且还能诱导同株的非处理叶片中ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性增加。用１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＳＡ处理第一片真叶,在处理后６～７２ｈ,ＰＯＤ活性增加了２２％～６７％,同株非处理的第二片真叶ＰＯＤ活性增加了１４％～８６％,但是,在ＳＡ处理后３ｈ之前以及处理９６ｈ之后,ＰＯＤ活性没有变化。ＳＡ能够显著降低超氧物阴离子含量和提高过氧化氢水平,但它对过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性的抑制作用很弱,表明ＳＡ提高体内过氧化氢含量的原因主要是通过提高ＳＯＤ活性而不是抑制ＣＡＴ活性。同工酶分析表明,ＳＡ不能诱导新的ＳＯＤ同工酶,但可以诱导新的ＰＯＤ同工酶。     

毛花猕猴桃原生质体再生植株

从毛花猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ ｅｒｉａｎｔｈａ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．）试管培养的实生苗新展开叶片分离的原生质体,培养在液体ＭＳ（除去ＮＨ４ＮＯ３）附加２,４－Ｄ １．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和葡萄糖０．４ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ的培养基上。培养３周后植板率达到１９．４％ 。在未添加新鲜培养基的情况下,原生质体再生的细胞可持续分裂,并于３个月时长成２ ｍ ｍ 大小的愈伤组织。将该愈伤组织转移到附加玉米素０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和ＩＡＡ ０．１ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ的固体ＭＳ培养基上,分化出苗。试管苗经诱导生根,长成完整小植株     

香蕉试管苗黄瓜花叶病毒检疫检验技术研究

建立了香蕉试管苗黄瓜花叶病毒ＤＡＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测技术。应用０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液（ｐＨ７．２,内含１％ＮａＤＩＥＣＡ）作为样品制备缓冲液,检测灵敏度可达到１／５１２０（稀释度）。两年来检测了１２８７个样品,香蕉试管苗生产繁殖材料的带毒率为２．８％。     

荷兰鸢尾(Iris xiphium L. var. hybridum)的组织培养

取荷兰鸢尾（ＩｒｉｓｘｉｐｈｉｕｍＬ．ｖａｒ．ｈｙｂｒｉｄｕｍ）鳞茎片不同部位外植体块,接种于附加不同激素配比的基本培养基上,其中取自鳞茎片基部外植体块２ｍｍ×２ｍｍ×２ｍｍ,培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的不定芽诱导率为最高（７０％）;最理想的增殖培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。不定芽直径４～５ｍｍ,培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ有利于不定根的发生,诱导生根率达８３３％。试管苗不经练苗可直接出瓶,移栽于泥炭∶田土∶河沙＝１∶１∶１（Ｖ／Ｖ）的基质中。     

钙对生长素诱导的玉米胚芽鞘切段延长生长的影响

１０μｇ／ｇ的ＩＡＡ溶液强烈地促进玉米胚芽鞘切段的延长生长和质子分泌,但这两种效应的启动时间有别．Ｃａ２＋在高浓度下（２—５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）强烈抑制ＩＡＡ诱导的延长生长,但在低浓度下（０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）则有轻微的促进作用．ＩＡＡ增大质膜相对透性,而Ｃａ２＋则有稳定膜的作用,且适宜的浓度较低（０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）．     

S3307在葡萄试管苗生长和保存中的作用

０．１￣０．５ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１的Ｓ３３０７可显著抑制葡萄试管苗茎叶的生长而促进根系的加粗，提高根冠比，０．５￣５．０ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１则可引起根的负向地性生长。适宜浓度的Ｓ３３０７可使试管中扦插的葡萄茎段产生茎叶极度缩小的微型枝条，宜于试管中长期保存，不同葡萄品种保存所需Ｓ３３０７的浓度不同，一般在０．５￣２．５ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１之间     

土人参原生质体培养再生植株

分别由土人参（Ｔａｌｉｎｕｍ ｐａｎｉｃｕｌａｔｕｍ （Ｊａｅｑ．） Ｇａｅｒｔｎ．）组织培养再生苗的叶片和幼茎诱导的愈伤组织游离出原生质体．叶肉原生质体在培养中未能进行正常分裂,存活不过１ 周．愈伤组织原生质体在Ｐ４ 培养基中（Ｋ８ｐ＋ ２,４－Ｄ ０．２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ＋ ＮＡＡ １．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ＋ ＺＴ ０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ＋椰乳５０ ｍ Ｌ／Ｌ＋ 葡萄糖０．５ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）培养３ ｄ 开始第一次分裂,培养７ ｄ 时分裂频率为３６．７％ ． 愈伤组织再生率在液体培养中为０．３１％ ,在双层培养中为０．３４％ ． 愈伤组织在含有较低浓度的６－ＢＡ 的分化培养基上分化出不定芽． 幼苗生根后移栽到花盆中继续生长,２～３个月后开花结实,长出粗壮的肉质根． 再生小植株在试管中继代培养２～３ 个月开花结实． 研究结果还表明∶（１）愈伤组织在液体培养基或增殖培养基中培养时间过长,或继代次数过多均不利于分化．（２）较低浓度的６－ＢＡ （０．５～０．７ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ）对愈伤组织的分化是合适的．（３）ＧＡ３ 对幼苗的发育有促进作用． （４）多效唑（ＭＥＴ）对土人参试管苗有明显的壮苗和壮根作用     

甘蓝组织培养中微电流刺激效应

利用一种新研制的脉电流刺激仪,对甘蓝组织培养中的微电流刺激效应进行了研究。结果表明,０．６７－２．６０μＡ微电流正负方向的处理,对离体培养中甘蓝芽的分化和芽重的增加都有促进作用;小于０．６７μＡ和大于４．０μＡ的电流刺激效果均不明显。在适宜的培养基（ＭＳ＋ＢＡ３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ）上,以１．３０μＡ电流处理１０天（１６小时／天）,对甘蓝芽的分化和生长效果最佳。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.