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通过结合具有高空间分辨率的功能磁共振成像(fMRI)和具有高时间分辨率的128导脑电事件相关电位(ERP)两项技术,测量了视皮层腹侧区域对图形形状识别任务反应的空间定位和时间过程。fMRI的实验结果表明,图形的形状和觉引起了腹测GTi/GF皮层区域的兴奋。进一步,基于fMRI兴奋区域的种子偶极子模型拟合的的ERP动态定位分析的结果和自由运动的偶极子模型拟合的ERP定位分析结果表明:GTi/GF区域活动的时间发生在刺激呈现之后132-176ms时间段,峰值150ms左右,相应于ERP的N1成分。这些结果在人类大脑皮层上同时确定了视觉通路中涉及图形形状识别的兴奋区域和兴奋的时间过程。 相似文献
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来自多方面的研究表明,面孔的分类和识别位于特定脑区.同时,已有行为实验研究表明,图像的空间高低频特征在面孔分类的不同范畴中起不同的贡献,例如身份更多被低频信号传递,性别被高低频共同传递,而表情更多被高频传递.然而,空间频率在面孔分类中的贡献,其表征和神经机制目前相关研究很少.利用特定癫痫患者植入颅内电极的监控期,呈现不同类型面孔图像,同时记录其颅内脑电,用事件相关电位方法考察了据认为是面孔特定成分的相关电位的潜伏期在170 ms的波形(N170波形)的变化;用电极反应显著性分析考察了空间频率在不同分类特征上的贡献.结果表明,空间高频(HSF)图像的N170潜伏期显著延迟.只呈现空间低频(LSF)图像,N170的潜伏期对普通人面孔会延迟,而对熟悉的名人则没有这个差异.女性面孔诱发的N170在HSF条件下潜伏期明显晚于LSF条件,而男性面孔诱发的波形则不存在这个差异.表情在N170上没有体现出任何差异.但是基于电极的显著性分析表明,有更多的额叶电极参与了表情的加工;身份特征加工有更多电极在空间低频上表现出差异,而性别加工则空间高低频比较平衡.与以往行为结果不同的是,表情加工也有更多低频贡献,而且表情的差异可以在早达114 ms的时候就发生.这符合表情信息在颞枕区域有一个快速基本加工,再传递到其他脑区的认知模型.因此,空间高低频信息在身份和性别上的贡献,可能发生在经典的面孔加工脑区,由N170表达,表情信息不由N170表达,而是在颞枕较广泛的范围内快速加工再传递到别的脑区,如额叶.这是首次利用颅内脑电就空间频率在面孔分类中的贡献的神经机制进行研究,为深入理解脑内面孔各种特征加工的动态过程提供了一个新的切入点. 相似文献
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目的:针对不同COMT基因型健康青年被试,进行连续3-back任务1h共12Block,探讨健康成人数字工作记忆能力变化情况。方法:将112名健康青年分组抽取出18名不同基因型作为被试,利用视觉事件相关电位P3来观测被试连续工作记忆任务中COMT基因多态型与脑皮层电生理的关系。结果:Val/Val基因型的被试P3波幅显著高于Val/Met基因型(P<0.01),但和Met/Met基因型被试的波幅无差异。结论:Val/Met基因型被试关联着最差的工作记忆任务的成绩,被试者的P3波幅和3-back任务成绩成正相关。 相似文献
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目的 间歇性θ节律刺激(iTBS)作为一种新型的经颅磁刺激模式,已经广泛应用于探索大脑认知功能和神经调控等方面,但其电生理调控机制尚不清晰,探索iTBS对大脑认知功能的影响及其电生理机制,对脑疾病的治疗和磁刺激的临床应用具有重要意义。方法 本文利用iTBS制备磁刺激大鼠模型,采集记录大鼠在执行工作记忆(WM)任务过程中腹侧海马(vHPC)和内侧前额叶皮层(mPFC)的局部场电位(LFPs)信号,应用格兰杰因果网络分析方法,研究了iTBS对大鼠WM过程中vHPC与mPFC跨脑区神经网络协同和信息交互的影响。结果 iTBS增强了大鼠的学习记忆能力,使其完成工作记忆任务所需时长减少(2.67±1.63)d(P<0.05),iTBS显著改善了大鼠的行为学表现;同时iTBS增强了大鼠在WM期间vHPC与mPFC脑区的自因果网络连接,增加了网络连接强度、连接密度和全局效率(P<0.05);并且iTBS增强了vHPC与mPFC脑区的跨脑区网络连接,增加了vHPC-mPFC跨脑区的节点度和因果流向(P<0.05)。结论 iTBS磁刺激对大鼠工作记忆行为学及相关脑区神经网络均有显著的积极作用,iTBS可以促进大鼠认知能力,提高大脑神经网络的信息交互和传递效率,iTBS的神经调控机制可能是通过增强大脑vHPC与mPFC之间的网络连接和信息交互来提高工作记忆能力。 相似文献
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该文的主要目的是研究对运动形成图形(动态图形)注意所引起的ERP的反应。在实验中,被试只注意在一侧视野呈现的动态刺激图形,并对倾斜的条状刺激作反应。主要实验结果为:1.空间选择性注意使得早期ERP成分P1和N1的幅度增大;2.注意也使得晚期成分N2的幅度增大,脑地形图和低分辨率断层成象(LORETA)的结果一致显示,dN2成分(注意状态的N2减去非注意状态的N2)位于右侧枕颞区。dN2成分的时间过程和分布说明它是一种选择负波,反映了注意对发生于右侧枕颞区的运动形成图形处理过程的加强和易化。 相似文献
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目的:探讨脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)对β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)致大鼠突触功能障碍的保护作用。方法:36只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照、Aβ25-35、BDNF、不同剂量BDNF(0.02μg,0.1μg,0.5μg)+Aβ25-35等六组(n=6)。实验采用电生理学手段,利用自制的海马给药装置和刺激/记录绑定电极引导和记录大鼠在体海马CA1区场兴奋性突触后电位(fEPSPs)和高频刺激(HFS)诱导的长时程增强(LTP)。结果:①海马CA1区注射Aβ25-35(2 nmol)不影响基础性fEPSPs,但能显著抑制LTP的诱导与维持,HFS后fEPSPs平均幅度较对照组明显降低(P<0.01);②海马CA1区注射BDNF(0.1μg)不影响基础性fEPSPs,也不影响LTP的诱导与维持,HFS后fEPSPs平均幅度与对照组相比没有明显差异(P>0.05);③与单独给予Aβ25-35相比,不同浓度的BDNF(0.1μg,0.5μg)与Aβ25-35合用组在HFS后0 min、30 min和60 min时的fEPSPs平均幅度均明显增加(P<0.01),并具有一定的剂量依赖性,表明BDNF预处理可有效拮抗Aβ25-35引起的LTP抑制。结论:脑内注射BDNF能够预防和拮抗由Aβ25-35引起的海马LTP损伤,提示BDNF水平的上调有助于维持正常的突触可塑性并可能改善AD患者的学习记忆功能。 相似文献
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摘要 目的:探讨神经电生理在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中联合颅内压(ICP)、脑灌注压(CPP)监测的应用效果。方法:选取2018年12月~2020年1月我院进行开颅手术治疗的颅内动脉瘤患者60例,采用简单随机化分组方法分为两组,每组30例。对照组实施颅内动脉瘤夹闭手术,观察组在对照组基础上,术中应用神经电生理、ICP、CPP监测。比较两组动脉瘤夹闭情况,术后第1 d新发神经功能缺损情况,术前、术后1 d、术后3个月格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及术后3个月预后优良率。结果:两组动脉瘤均完全夹闭,观察组术后第1 d新发神经功能缺损率6.67%(2/30)低于对照组的26.67%(8/30)(P<0.05);术后1 d观察组GCS评分高于对照组,NIHSS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);排除失访病例后,观察组术后3个月GOS分级、mRS分级优良率分别为88.89%、88.89%,与对照组的88.00%、84.00%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:采用神经电生理联合ICP、CPP监测,能够实时掌握颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者脑组织血流情况,根据监测结果及时采取相应干预措施,可预防不可逆的脑缺血改变,改善术后早期患者意识状态,减少术后早期神经功能缺损的发生。 相似文献
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目的:研究噪声暴露对大鼠事件相关电位(ERP)的影响及海马水平的机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠,随机均分为正常对照组(C组)、噪声暴露组(N组)。暴露条件:105dB白噪声2.5h/d×20d。观察试验过程中第0、7、14和20d ERP各波的峰潜伏期以及峰峰幅度值,并检测海马神经元尼氏体、NMDAR2B及胞内钙浓度的变化。结果:在实验第14d、第20d,噪声暴露组动物ERP P3a、P3和P3b的峰潜伏期显著增长,而且在噪声暴露20d后,大鼠海马齿状回以及CA1区尼氏体显著减少(P〈0.01),齿状回、CA1及CA3区NMDAB2B的免疫反应强度显著降低(P〈0.01),神经元胞内钙浓度显著升高(P〈0.01)。结论:噪声暴露可致事件相关电位的改变,这可能与其海马神经元尼氏体、NMDAR2B以及胞内钙的变化有关。 相似文献
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目的:采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术探讨36 h完全睡眠剥夺对客体工作记忆的影响.方法:本研究采用自身前后对照设计,16名睡眠质量良好的健康大学生(平均年龄为23岁,年龄范围21~28岁)分别在清醒状态下及36 h完全睡眠剥夺后接受2-back客体工作记忆任务,同时采集脑电数据.选用重复测量方差分析的方法比较睡眠剥夺前... 相似文献
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《Addiction biology》2017,22(4):898-910
This study intends to determine whether long‐lasting glucocorticoids (GCs) dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) play a causal role in the maintenance of working memory (WM) deficits observed after alcohol withdrawal. Here, we report that C57/BL6 male mice submitted to 6 months alcohol consumption (12 percent v/v) followed by 1 (1W) or 6 weeks (6W) withdrawal periods exhibit WM deficits in a spatial alternation task and an exaggerated corticosterone rise during and after memory testing in the PFC but not the dHPC. In contrast, emotional reactivity evaluated in a plus‐maze is altered only in the 1W group. No behavioral alterations are observed in mice still drinking alcohol. To determine the causal role of corticosterone in the withdrawal‐associated long‐lasting WM deficits, we further show that a single intraperitoneal injection injection of metyrapone (an inhibitor of corticosterone synthesis) 30 minutes before testing, prevents withdrawal‐associated WM deficits and reestablishes PFC activity, as assessed by increased phosphorylated C‐AMP Response Element‐binding protein (CREB) immunoreactivity in withdrawn mice. Finally, we show that intra‐PFC blockade of mineralocorticoid receptors by infusion of spironolactone and, to a lesser extent, of GCs receptors by injection of mifepristone reverses the WM deficits induced by withdrawal whereas the same injections into the dHPC do not. Overall, our study evidences that long‐lasting GCs dysfunction selectively in the PFC is responsible for the emergence and maintenance of WM impairments after withdrawal and that blocking prefrontal mineralocorticoid receptors receptors restores WM in withdrawn animals. 相似文献
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A recent continuum model of the large scale electrical activity of the thalamocortical system is generalized to include cholinergic modulation. The model is examined analytically and numerically to determine the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on its steady states, linear stability, spectrum, and temporal responses. Changing the ACh concentration moves the system between zones of one, three, and five steady states, showing that neuromodulation of synaptic strength is a possible mechanism by which multiple steady states emerge in the brain. The lowest firing rate steady state is always stable, and subsequent fixed points alternate between stable and unstable. Increasing ACh concentration changes the form of the spectrum. Increasing the tonic level of ACh concentration increases the magnitudes of the N100 and P200 in the evoked response potential (ERP), without changing the timing of these peaks. Driving the system with a pulse of cholinergic activity results in a transient increase in the firing rate of cortical neurons that lasts over . Step-like increases in cortical ACh concentration cause increases in the firing rate of cortical neurons, with rapid responses due to fast acting nicotinic receptors and slower responses due to muscarinic receptor suppression of intracortical connections. 相似文献
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The cleavage-product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) constitutes the core component of plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. APP is ubiquitously expressed and its precise physiological functions remain unclear. This protein has been proposed to regulate synaptic function and processes underlying learning and memory. While APP knockout mice show behavioral impairments, these may occur due to early changes during development and/or due to abolition of APP function in adult. To investigate the acute effects of APP knockdown without involving developmental processes, APP expression was reduced using RNA interference in adult mouse brain. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that down-regulated mouse APP protein levels (APP-siRNA) were identified using an APP plasmid-siRNA co-transfection assay in mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells. Infusion of APP-siRNAs into the ventricular system for 2 weeks also down-regulated APP mRNA in mouse brain. Highest knockdown of APP mRNA levels was found in the CA2-CA3 regions of the hippocampus. Mice treated with the most active APP-siRNA showed a significant reduction in spontaneous alternation rate in the Y-maze, without effects on forelimb grip strength or locomotor activity. These data suggest that acute knockdown of APP in adult mouse brain impairs hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory. 相似文献
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Although prefrontal and hippocampal neurons are critical for spatial working memory, the function of glial cells in spatial working memory remains uncertain. In this study we investigated the function of glial cells in rats’ working memory. The glial cells of rat brain were inhibited by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of fluorocitrate (FC). The effects of FC on the glial cells were examined by using elec-troencephalogram (EEG) recordings and delayed spatial alternation tasks. After icv injection of 10 μL of 0.5 nmol/L or 5 nmol/L FC, the EEG power spectrum recorded from the hippocampus increased, but the power spectrum for the prefrontal cortex did not change, and working memory was unaffected. Fol-lowing an icv injection of 10 μL of 20 nmol/L FC, the EEG power spectra in both the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus increased, and working memory improved. The icv injection of 10 μL of 50 nmol/L FC, the EEG power spectra in both the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampus decreased, and working memory was impaired. These results suggest that spatial working memory is affected by cen-trally administered FC, but only if there are changes in the EEG power spectrum in the prefrontal cortex. Presumably, the prefrontal glial cells relate to the working memory. 相似文献
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Einav Sudai Ofri Croitoru Alona Shaldubina Lital Abraham Iris Gispan Yakov Flaumenhaft Ilana Roth‐Deri Noa Kinor Shai Aharoni Moshe Ben‐Tzion Gal Yadid 《Addiction biology》2011,16(2):251-260
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disorder, characterized by the loss of the ability to control drug consumption. The neurobiology of addiction is traditionally thought to involve the mesocorticolimbic system of the brain. However, the hippocampus has received renewed interest for its potential role in addiction. Part of this attention is because of the fact that drugs of abuse are potent negative regulators of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus and may as a result impair learning and memory. We investigated the effects of different dosages of contingent cocaine on cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and on working memory during abstinence, using the water T‐maze test, in adult rats. We found that cocaine, in addition to the changes it produces in the reward system, if taken in high doses, can attenuate the production and development of new neurons in the hippocampus, and reduce working memory. 相似文献