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1.
本文综述了草坪草抗旱性的形态学、生物学、解剖学和生理学等鉴定方法。介绍了草坪草适应干旱胁迫的形态和生理生化机制。对草坪草种质资源的抗旱性改良进展进行了概述。最后, 对草坪草抗旱性研究中存在的问题和前景进行了讨论。  相似文献   

2.
转NAS基因冷季型草坪草的生长及抗旱性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用盆栽法,在干旱胁迫下,测定转基因草坪草与对照株在不同水分胁迫下的根系活力、脯胺酸含量、叶绿素含量和SOD酶活性等抗旱生理指标.以期综合评价该转基因草坪草的抗旱性能和所选指标作为筛选抗旱性指标的可行性.结果表明,转基因草坪草在抗旱性能上普遍优于对照株.同时,SOD酶活性和脯胺酸含量可以作为转基因草坪草抗旱性鉴定指标;根系活力和叶绿素含量为参考指标.  相似文献   

3.
在非生物胁迫中,高温是影响草坪植物特别是对冷季型草坪草生长和发育最重要的生态因子之一. 高温胁迫会导致冷季型草坪草生长受到抑制、草坪质量下降、草坪植株体内的生理生化代谢紊乱,细胞内产生大量氧自由基,使膜脂过氧化,植株体内蛋白质变性,最后导致细胞死亡. 因此,如何提高冷季型草坪草的耐热性是目前冷季型草坪在热带、亚热带地区建植能否安全越夏的重要问题. 文中综述了国内外冷季型草坪草耐热性调控的研究进展, 在阐明冷季型草坪草耐热性调控原理的基础上,报道了用于草坪草耐热性鉴定的形态、生态、生理和生化等指标,以及通过降低土壤温度、叶面喷施生长调节剂、施肥、灌溉和修剪等养护管理措施来提高冷季型草坪草的耐热性研究进展.  相似文献   

4.
我国暖季型草坪草锈病的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
锈病是暖季型草坪草上的一种重要病害,可明显降低暖季型草坪草的观赏价值和使用价值.综述了目前我国暖季型草坪草锈病的病原物、症状及发生情况、发病规律以及防治方面的研究进展,对目前我国暖季型草坪草锈病研究中存在的问题加以分析,并对暖季型草坪草锈病研究前景加以展望.  相似文献   

5.
水肥对草坪草影响的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
施肥和灌溉作为草坪日常养护管理的两大重要措施,是建成高质量草坪的重要保障.从施肥措施中的N、P、K及其三元素配施对草坪草的影响以及灌溉措施中的灌溉频率和灌溉水量对草坪草生长发育的影响等方面,综述近年来草坪草施肥和灌溉研究的热点问题,探讨理想草坪草所需的适合施肥水平和灌溉水平,阐明施肥和灌溉两个措施对草坪草的影响存在一定的互助关系.通过对施肥和灌溉对草坪草生长发育影响的研究作简要的概述,为制定适宜的草坪施肥与灌溉计划,节约水资源利用,减少过量肥料对环境与草坪草生长的不利影响,同时为获得理想的草坪质量提供参考依据.  相似文献   

6.
草坪草生物技术研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
概述了草坪草植株再生体系和遗传转化体系建立的方法和进展.通过愈伤组织培养、悬浮细胞培养和原生质体培养方法对草坪草的一些种已建立较为完善的植株再生体系.在建立再生体系的基础上,利用原生质体融合、农杆菌介导、基因枪和碳化硅纤维介导等转基因方法在一些草坪草种上建立了遗传转化体系并获得了有一定价值的转基因植株.最后,对草坪草转基因存在的问题和前景作了讨论.  相似文献   

7.
草坪草离体再生培养的研究现状及发展前景   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
草坪业是近年来我国兴起的一个新产业.草坪草的品质直接关系到草坪的质量和寿命.为了适应当前草坪业的需要,科学工作者不断寻求各种途径选育新品种.离体再生培养无疑是其中十分有效的手段之一.主要阐述了草坪草离体再生培养的研究意义和现状,并展望了离体再生培养应用于草坪草新品种选育的美好前景.  相似文献   

8.
草坪型结缕草冠层截留性能试验研究   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10  
草坪植物冠层对雨水或灌溉水的截留量大小对于草坪水分利用效率具有重要影响.针对草坪型结缕草,用吸水法分别试验研究了单株和群落草坪草的冠层截留特性.结果表明:结缕草的叶片数量、叶面积对单株结缕草截留量影响显著.随着叶片数量的增多,单株结缕草截留量增大,5叶枝条的结缕草截留量高达0.16g,占其植株浸水前自身重的81.22%,而3叶枝条的结缕草截留量仅为5叶枝条结缕草的1/2.单株结缕草截留量与叶面积呈线性正相关关系.对于结缕草草坪,修剪留茬高度越高,截留量就越多.建植3a的草坪在修剪高度14cm时冠层截留可达1.05mm,修剪6cm时截留量为0.48mm.在修剪留茬高度相同的情况下,不同生长年限间草坪草截留量、截留率差异极显著(P<0.01),建植3a的草坪比建植1a的草坪能拦截更多的水分,在修剪高度6cm时,3a生草坪草截留量为0.48mm,而1年生草坪草截留量为0.38mm,并且随着修剪高度的增加,不同年限间截留量的差异越明显,差值最大可达0.44mm.  相似文献   

9.
中国的草坪草资源及其开发利用   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
丁小球 《生态科学》2000,19(3):55-58
中国的草坪草资源相当丰富。文章初步分析了草坪草的一般特性、我国草坪草的分类以及主要的草坪草种类,并简要介绍了我国草坪草资源的现状。最后,就如何开发利用我国的草坪草资源并走草坪国产化道路提出建议。  相似文献   

10.
冬季来临,草坪草进入休眠期。草坪草的冬季管理好坏,直接影响来年草坪的生长和提高草坪的观赏性。多年来,根据我们绿化养护的经验,并根据草坪草的类型,分别介绍其冬季养护管理的具体措施。 一、暖季型草坪的管理 暖季型草坪草一般有马尼拉草、台湾青和天鹅绒草等。进入冬季,此类草坪草处于休眠状态,地上部分已枯萎,它们除了自身微  相似文献   

11.
多立安  王晶晶  赵树兰 《生态学报》2011,31(16):4717-4724
从生活垃圾堆肥中提取有益微生物菌种,配成不同浓度的复合微生物菌剂(CM),施入草坪基质,研究了复合微生物菌剂对干旱胁迫下草坪植物生理生态特性的影响。结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,接种过复合微生物菌剂的草坪植物叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于未接种菌剂的对照,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于对照。不同草坪植物品种生理生态特性在接种CM后对干旱胁迫的响应程度不同。即高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea L.),当接种200倍稀释液的菌剂,叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性达到最大,分别是对照的8.13、1.53和2.46倍;而黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)则当接种100倍稀释液的菌剂,POD和CAT活性分别高出对照64.4%和56.1%,而SOD活性是对照的6.50倍。和对照相比,各接种菌剂处理的脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性蛋白含量明显降低,离体叶片持水力却保持了较高的水平。上述结果表明,接种复合微生物菌剂后,植物能够通过自身的保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量来减轻干旱伤害,维持植物体的正常生理代谢功能,从而有效缓解干旱胁迫对草坪植物的伤害,提高草坪植物的抗旱性,为干旱环境草坪植物的建植提供依据。  相似文献   

12.
Turgrfass used on landscapes, parks, sports fields, and golf courses has significant ecological, environmental, and economic impacts. The economic value of seed production of turfgrasses is second to hybrid corn. The land area cultivated with turfgrass is increasing due to rapid urban development. Turfgrass is often subjected to various abiotic stresses, which cause declines in aesthetic quality, functionality and seed yield. Among abiotic stresses, drought, salinity, heat, and low temperature are the most common detrimental factors for turfgrass growth in various regions. Thorough understanding of mechanisms of turfgrass stress responses is vital for the development of superior stress-tolerant germplasm through breeding and biotechnology. Significant progress has been made in turfgrass stress physiology and molecular biology in recent decades, but research for turfgrasses generally lags behind that of the major Poaceae crops, particularly at the molecular and genomic levels. This review focuses on research advances in turfgrass stress physiology and provides an overview of limited information on gene discovery, genetic transformation, and molecular marker development for improving stress tolerance, with emphasis on drought, salinity, heat, and low temperature stress. Major growth and physiological traits associated with these stresses, as well as metabolic and molecular factors regulating various traits for turfgrass tolerance to each stress are discussed. Future research at the systems biology level and through genomic sequencing is paramount for further insights on fundamental mechanisms of turfgrass stress tolerance and for improving turfgrass tolerance to various environmental stresses.  相似文献   

13.
郑玉红  刘建秀 《植物学报》2004,21(5):587-594
假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.)Hack.)是主产于中国的世界著名的暖季型草坪草。全面系统地研究假俭草在遗传多样性和抗性生理等各方面的变异变化规律对于开发利用假俭草种质资源具有十分重要的意义。在综述假俭草种质资源的收集、整理和初步评价的基础上,重点介绍了近年来国内外在其遗传多样性(包括形态水平、细胞水平和分子水平)、抗性生理、育种进程和栽培管理措施等方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

14.
干热胁迫和复水对草坪草光合生理生态特性的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
刘金荣  杜建雄  谢晓蓉 《生态学报》2009,29(5):2694-2700
选用草地早熟禾的5个品种作为试验材料,研究干热胁迫和复水对草坪草光合生理的影响,以期为冷季型草坪草在炎热的夏季进行抗旱栽培和高效利用水分提供理论参考.试验结果显示:在干热胁迫初期,5个草坪草品种的土壤含水量(SWC)和3个光合生理指标净光合速率(Pn)、叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶片荧光参数(Fv/Fm)呈下降趋势,而气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)却呈现出缓慢上升趋势;随着干热胁迫时间的延长,以上6个指标不同程度地呈现出明显下降趋势,但奖品(Award)的5个光合生理指标下降趋势明显高于其它4个品种的.复水处理后,各个品种的6个指标明显恢复("奖品(Award)"除外),复水10 d 后均能恢复到正常供水值的60%以上.这些试验结果表明,干热胁迫影响了草地早熟禾草坪草的正常光合代谢,以叶片净光合速率(Pn)、叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶片荧光参数(Fv/Fm)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)指标的下降为例证.而且这几个品种的光合指标在干热胁迫和复水条件下的变化从一个方面反映了它们对逆境的适应能力.  相似文献   

15.
Drought stress is a key environmental factor limiting the growth and productivity of plants. Turfgrasses are often affected by drought in north China due to water shortage. In the present study, the impact of nanosized compost either alone or in combination with drought tolerant isolates from compost on turfgrass response to drought was investigated. Municipal solid waste (MSW) compost was processed into nanosized particles and added in turfgrass soil. Microorganisms in the MSW compost were screened for drought stress tolerance using increasing concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). Festuca arundinacea Schreb. plants were inoculated with this mixture and exposed to drought stress by reducing the amount of water added at vegetative growth stage. The drought-tolerant isolates from compost were identified as Bacillus cereus, Lysinibacillus sp. and Rhodotorula glutinis. Our results revealed that nanocompost and microbial inoculation minimized the drought stress-imposed effects significantly increasing shoot biomass, root biomass, and chlorophyll content. Similarly, nanocompost-treated and inoculated seedlings showed higher levels of antioxidant enzymes and lower MDA content compared to nontreated control under drought stress. The combination of nano-sized compost and microbial inoculation were more efficient than nanocompost alone in terms of influencing growth and physiological status of the seedlings under drought stress. Our data suggest that nanocompost combined with drought-tolerant isolates may enhance drought tolerance in turfgrass by promoting plant growth and increasing the capacity to eliminate toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS).  相似文献   

16.
目前对于草坪草的抗性研究多数集中在其生理方面的变化,而结合各抗性品种营养器官结构进行比较研究却报道较少。从采集自山东省无棣县沿海滩涂的大穗结缕草的营养器官解剖结构和微形态特征的研究中分析它的耐盐、耐寒、耐旱、耐践踏和弹性好的原因,从形态解剖的角度来认识大穗结缕草的优良特性。  相似文献   

17.
18.
生活垃圾生产地毯式草皮环境生态工程基质选配研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
以生活垃圾为基质,选用几种可行性强的材料为配材,进行了生活垃圾生产地毯式草皮基质的选配,通过几种草坪草在各选配基质上的生长效应,及对选配基质的pH值及水分胁迫性能进行了研究。结果表明,不同选配基质对草坪草的生长效应差异较大,锯木屑可通过增强基质的保水性能而提高草坪草的抗干旱胁迫能力,并能促进草坪草的生长,草木灰显较强的碱性,当其占基质25%时,则pH值可达9以上,细河沙可改善基质的通透性,但配施量  相似文献   

19.
As environmental impacts and life-cycle costs (water use, water, fertilizer, pesticides and mowing) of the constructed landscape come under increasing scrutiny, the development of methods to reduce resource inputs for managed turf are increasingly important. While the use of a number of native turfgrass species as alternatives to non-natives has been previously examined, only a few are presently commercially available, and many species have been perceived as failing to perform to the level required by industry and consumers. Furthermore, the use of polycultures of native turfgrasses has not been extensively investigated, but could offer an alternative to the conventional lawn. We hypothesize that because native short grass species would be expected to be well-adapted to climate and soil conditions in areas with infrequent and erratic rainfall, their performance in terms of drought resistance, resilience to disturbance, and efficient resource use, will exceed that of a non-native species. Moreover, ecological theory predicts that a polyculture of coexisting native species may exhibit additional performance benefits. One native (Bouteloua dactyloides) and one commonly-used, non-native monoculture (Cynodon dactylon) and two native polyculture assemblages (two and seven species including B. dactyloides, Bouteloua gracilis, Bouteloua rigidiseta, Hilaria belangeri, Erioneuron pilosum, Bouteloua hirsuta, Sporobolus vaginiflorus) were compared for leaf density and weed resistance under two irrigation regimens, traffic regimes and mowing intensities. The native turfgrass and turfgrass assemblages generally had 30% higher leaf densities in the early growing season, and up to 50% lower weed density than the non-native monoculture. There was no difference among species tested in response to traffic or irrigation regimens, suggesting that all assemblages could be subjected to both higher traffic frequencies and reduced water inputs. Even though native species can have slower growth rates compared to the non-native species they maintained a higher or equivalent leaf density than the non-native turfgrass. This is a potentially important finding because of the large impact that mowing has on the total carbon footprint of turfgrass, and the corresponding reduction in that carbon footprint that could be realized through a reduced mowing frequency and corresponding reduction in life-cycle cost. This study suggests that regionally adapted native grass species are worth investigating as mono- and polycultures for performance advantages and lower resource inputs, and consequently may be suitable alternatives to conventional non-native turfgrasses in many applications.  相似文献   

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