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1.
瓦氏黄颡鱼线粒体全基因组序列分析及系统进化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
鲿科鱼类种类繁多,外形相似,形态学分类较为困难。为了给鲿科鱼类乃至鲇形目鱼类的系统进化研究积累基础资料,文章采用参照近缘物种线粒体基因组设计覆盖全基因组引物的方法,利用16对引物对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)线粒体全基因组进行扩增,PCR产物转化到质粒后测序,最终获得线粒体基因组全序列,其全长为16 527 bp,包括2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因、13个编码蛋白质基因和一个非编码控制区。瓦氏黄颡鱼(P.vachelli)线粒体基因组结构和基因排列顺序与现已公布的鲇形目鱼类完全一致,序列分析表明,与鲇形目其他种属间具有较高的同源性,与拟鲿属的同源性最高(91%)。利用鲇形目共4科6属9种及3个外群的线粒体全基因组序列,从线粒体基因组水平探讨了鲿科鱼类及其在鲇形目的系统进化地位,结果表明:鲿科鱼类的瓦氏黄颡鱼(P.vachelli)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)及越南拟鲿(Pseudobagrus tokiensis)构成一单系群;拟鲿属与黄颡鱼属的关系较近;黄颡鱼属中瓦氏黄颡鱼(P.vachelli)与光泽黄颡鱼(P.nitidus)的关系近于黄颡鱼(P.fulvidraco)。  相似文献   

2.
黄颡鱼属两种鱼类的线粒体ND4基因序列变异性分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以东亚特有种光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)和长须黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus eupogon)为研究对象,采用PCR技术获得了这两种鱼类的部分线粒体DNA DN4基因及其3′端的tRNA基因碱基共约772个,用MEGA2.1软件分析了此片段序列,采用Kimura双参数模型计算遗传距离,以科属的大鳍(Hemibagrus macropterus)为外类群,用邻接法构建不同水系的光泽黄颡鱼和长须黄颡鱼的分子系统树。不同水系的光泽黄颡鱼的遗传距离在0.000—0.012之间,长须黄颡鱼的遗传距离在0.000—0.003之间,光泽黄颡鱼和长须黄颡鱼种间的遗传距离在0.099—0.108之间,从分子水平上证实了光泽黄颡鱼和长须黄颡鱼为两个有效物种。不同水系的光泽黄颡鱼遗传变异很小,除黑龙江种群外,其他水系的光泽黄颡鱼在分子系统树没有能够按水系区分开来,可能的原因为:(1)不同水系的光泽黄颡鱼之间存在频繁的基因交流;(2)东亚科鱼类的线粒体DNA的进化速率可能较小;(3)人类经济活动可能已影响到光泽黄颡鱼的种群遗传结构。  相似文献   

3.
1龄黄颡鱼的肌肉营养成分及品质特性分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
<正>黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)属硬骨鱼纲(Osteichthyes)、鲇形目(Siluriformes)、鲿科(Bagridae)、黄颡鱼属(Pelteobagrus),广泛分布于我国各大水系,是一种小型经济鱼类。黄颡鱼因其肉质细嫩、口味鲜美,受到广大消费者的青睐。近些年来,黄颡鱼已成为一种重要的名优养殖品种。但是在人工养殖的过程中,很多养殖鱼类的肌肉品质受到了一定的影响[1,2]。如何提高养殖鱼类肌肉品质已经成为水产养殖业的重要研究课题。本文对池塘养殖的1龄黄颡鱼肌肉营养成分及其质构特征进行了分析和评  相似文献   

4.
利用18S和ITS序列揭示8种鲇形目鱼类的系统发育   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为了探讨鲇形目(Siluriformes)鱼类系统发育关系,本研究克隆了黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、长吻(Leiocassis longirostris)、斑鳠(Mystus guttatus)、革胡子鲇(Clarias gariepinus)、鲇鱼(Silurus asotus)和斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)6种鱼类的18S和两个内转录间隔区(包括全长ITS1-5.8S-ITS2)基因,结合GenBank中双须缺鳍鲇(Kryptopterus bicirrhis)和脂鳍胡鲇(Dinotopterus cunningtoni)的同源序列进行比较分析,结果表明,(1)8种鱼18S的长度为1814~1842bp,同源性达97%以上,5.8S均为157bp,同源性也高达99.36%~100%;(2)8种鱼ITS1长度为335~620bp,其中,黄颡鱼的最长,为618~620bp,斑点叉尾的最短,为335~336bp;ITS2长度为265~459bp,其中,脂鳍胡鲇最长,为459bp,斑点叉尾的最短,约为270bp。ITS1序列的同源性为29.45%~88.21%,其中,革胡子鲇和脂鳍胡鲇同源性最高,鲇鱼和革胡子鲇同源性最低。ITS2序列的同源性为41.59%~94.07%,其中,革胡子鲇和脂鳍胡鲇同源性最高,鲇鱼和革胡子鲇同源性最低;(3)分别以鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)18S和ITS为外群,采用NJ法构建18S、ITS系统发育树,结果显示,鲇科与胡鲇科的关系最近,鲿科与这两科关系较远,科与另外3科关系最远。鲿科中属和黄颡鱼属的关系较鳠属更近;胡鲇科的胡鲇属和脂鳍胡鲇属是关系很近的两个属;鲇科的鲇属和缺鳍鲇属是关系较远的两属。  相似文献   

5.
嘉陵江大鳍鳠和瓦氏黄颡鱼血液学指标的研究   总被引:20,自引:3,他引:17       下载免费PDF全文
研究了大鳍鳠和瓦氏黄颡鱼血液学指标的季节变化及种间差异,旨在为探讨三峡工程所引起的环境变化,对两种鱼所产生的生理生态学影响提供基础资料。于2002年9月至2003年6月期间,分春、夏、秋和冬4个季节在嘉陵江水土镇以下江段共采集大鳍鳠111尾,瓦氏黄颡鱼124尾。测定了这两种鱼的红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、血清葡萄糖浓度、血清甘油三酯浓度和血清总蛋白浓度等6项血液学指标。结果表明,两种鱼的多项血液学指标均存在显著的季节间差异,血液指标的变化趋势并不是随水温的升高而升高。繁殖期两种鱼的血清甘油三酯浓度均显著降低。两种鱼的血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯浓度存在种间差异,瓦氏黄颡鱼的血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯浓度均显著高于大鳍鳠。  相似文献   

6.
黄颡鱼与长须黄颡鱼种间的RAPD标记   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
黄颡鱼属(PelteobagrusBleeker,1865)属鲇形目(Siluri-formes),科(Bagridae)。黄颡鱼属在中国已知有5种:长须黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus eupogonBoulenger),黄颡鱼(P.fulvidracoRichardson),中间黄颡鱼(P.intermediusNicholsetPope).瓦氏黄颡鱼(P.vachelliRichardson),光泽黄颡鱼(P.nitidusSauvageetDabry)。黄颡鱼属的种类常统称“黄颡鱼”,除中间黄颡鱼外,均是国内江河湖泊常见的经济鱼类,在长江、黄河、珠江及黑龙江诸流域和海南岛均有其中的种类分布。因其具有肉质细嫩,肉味鲜美,营养丰富,无肌间刺等优点,颇受广大消费者欢迎。近年来,…  相似文献   

7.
黄颡鱼、大鳍鳠消化道粘膜的扫描电镜观察   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
林仕梅  罗莉  叶元土 《四川动物》2003,22(2):63-65,F002
利用扫措电镜对黄颡鱼、大鳍鳠的消化道粘膜的形态结构进行了观察和比较。  相似文献   

8.
记述采自中国广西壮族自治区的北伦河鲿科鱼类1新纪录种,长须拟鳠Mystus gulio(Hamilton,1822)。新纪录种为1小型鲿科鱼类,其主要形态特征如下:背鳍Ⅱ,7;胸鳍Ⅰ,8;腹鳍条11~13;脊椎骨数29~31;胸鳍和背鳍棘后缘呈锯齿状;脂鳍基长不及臀鳍基之半长;眼睛圆形且中等大;尾鳍深叉状,上叶稍长于下叶;上颌须末端达腹鳍基中部。拟鳠属Mystus与其近缘属拟鳠Hemibagrus种类的眼前缘与后鼻孔的距离明显大于两鼻孔间距,为这两属区别于鲿科其他属的形态特征之一。鳠属种类的脂鳍基都较长,一般为臀鳍基的2倍; 拟鳠属种类的指鳍基长度变化较大,或大于臀鳍基长,或短于臀鳍基长; 脂鳍基长度不宜用于鉴别拟鳠属和鳠属。但两属的枕骨和囟门沟的形态差异显著,拟鳠属种类的枕骨宽大,囟门沟短;鳠属种类的枕骨窄小,囟门沟长;该类特征可用于鉴别两属物种。  相似文献   

9.
2010年三峡大坝首次成功蓄水到175 m.为了探讨175 m蓄水对库区支流鱼类食物网能量来源的影响,采用稳定性同位素方法并结合多源线性混合模型(IsoSource模型)对小江回水区鲫、鲤、蒙古鲌、鲇、大鳍鳠、瓦氏黄颡鱼、光泽黄颡鱼等7种主要经济鱼类能量来源进行了分析.结果表明:蓄水前(2010年7月),微型藻类是7种主要经济鱼类能量的主要来源;蓄水后(2010年12月),微型藻类对7种主要经济鱼类能量来源的贡献比例略有下降,而陆生C4植物的相对贡献比例明显增加,特别是对杂食性鲫和肉食性鲇的贡献率分别达到了38% ~54%和32% ~ 50%.蓄水后,鲫和鲇至少有30%的能量来自陆生C4植物.说明三峡大坝的蓄水过程增加了外源性C4植物对鱼类能量的贡献比例.  相似文献   

10.
2005年4月至2006年11月,对雷公山自然保护区的鱼类资源状况进行了调查.调查表明,保护区共有鱼类35种,隶属4目10科30属.该区的鱼类多数为适应于山区溪流生活的种类,鲤科鱼类是其中最大的类群,构成鱼类区系成分的主体.该区有一定经济价值的鱼类包括泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicandatus)、马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)、黄鳝(Monopterus albus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、刺鲃(Spinibarbus caldwelli)、南方白甲鱼(Onychostoma gerlachi)、月鳢(Channa asiatica)等.通过实地调查,对保护区内两条主要水系(长江水系和珠江水系)的物种相似度进行了对比.  相似文献   

11.
繁殖期从嘉陵江收集性成熟的大鳍■ 和长吻 野生亲鱼,用Linpe方法(即LHRH-A加多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂地欧酮)或传统的LHRH—A加脑垂体的方法进行催产,定时取血样,用放射免疫方法测定催产过程中血清GTH水平的变化,进一步证实鲇形目鱼类GTH的分泌受到下丘脑分泌的促性腺激素释放激素GnRH和多巴胺的双重调节;排卵和产卵也是以血清GTH的急剧升高为先导的,而最终能否排卵还有赖于血清GTH峰是否超过“排卵阈值”。尽管催产后的大鳍 和长吻 雄鱼血清GTH水平也有一个高峰出现,但血清GTH水平升高幅度都大大低于雌鱼,这种现象在硬骨鱼类可能具有普遍性。  相似文献   

12.
While many studies have documented the effect that glacial cycles have had on northern hemisphere species, few have attempted to study the associated effect of aridification at low latitudes in the southern hemisphere. We investigated the past effects that cyclic aridification may have had on the population structure and history of a widespread endemic Australian bird species, the Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen). One thousand one hundred and sixty-six samples from across its native range were analysed for mitochondrial control region sequence variation and variation at six microsatellite loci. Analysis of mitochondrial control region sequence data indicated monophyletic clades that were geographically congruent with an eastern and western region. The contemporary distribution of east and west clades is nonoverlapping but in close proximity. Populations were estimated to have diverged in the Pleistocene around 36,000 years ago. The putative Carpentarian and Nullarbor arid barriers appear to be associated with the divergence between east and west mainland populations. Nested clade analysis indicated a signature of range expansion in the eastern region suggesting movement possibly inland and northward subsequent to the last period of aridity. The island population of Tasmania was of very recent origin, possibly since sea levels rose 16,000 years ago. Given the east-west structure, there was no congruence between morphology and recent history of this species indicating a lack of support for morphological taxa. Overall mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite variation suggest that increasing aridity and Pleistocene refugia played a role in structuring populations of the Australian magpie; however, the dispersal ability and generalist habitat requirements may have facilitated the movement of magpies into an almost contiguous modern distribution across the continent. This study supports the idea that Pleistocene aridification played an important role in structuring intraspecific variation in low latitudinal southern hemisphere avian species.  相似文献   

13.
多马胺能药物对鲇鱼促性腺激素(GtH)分泌活动的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以珠江流域鲇鱼(silurus asotus)为实验材料,研究了多巴胺(DA)能药物(DA及其D-2型受体拮抗物 ,DOM)对鲇鱼促性腺激素(GtH)释放的影响,结果表明,在性腺发育的各个时期,单独注射DOM(5ug/g)均不能显著提高鲇鱼血液基础GtH水平,当DOM与LHRH-A联合注射时能显著增强LHRH-A刺激GtH释放的作用;DA只能抑制GnRH诱导的GtH释放,对基础GtH释放无抑制作用,这种生殖内分泌调节方式与鲇形目的革胡子鲇(Clarias gariepinus)和大鳍Hu(Mystus macropterus)相似,而与鲤形目的鲁科(Cyrpindiae)鱼类不同。  相似文献   

14.
长江,珠江,黑龙江鲢,鳙和草鱼原种种群形态差异   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16  
李思发  倪重匡 《动物学报》1989,35(4):390-398
对长江、珠江、黑龙江的鲢、鳙、草鱼原种种群的十项形态特征,于高维空间上用统计方法进行判别分析,发现种群间具有显著差异,不同江河鲢、鳙的侧线鳞数也有明显不同。这些形态特征上的差异的大小与种群间的地理距离呈正相关。 根据上述显著性差异的特征,用模式分类法推导得鉴别程序,可在IBM-PC-AT计算机上对鱼逐尾自动判别鉴定其种群,除长江鲢外,准确率在75%~100%。  相似文献   

15.
The time frame and geographical patterns of diversification processes in European temperate‐montane herbs are still not well understood. We used the sexual species of the Ranunculus auricomus complex as a model system to understand how vicariance versus dispersal processes in the context of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations have triggered speciation in temperate‐montane plant species. We used target enrichment sequence data from about 600 nuclear genes and coalescent‐based species tree inference methods to resolve phylogenetic relationships among the sexual taxa of the complex. We estimated absolute divergence times and, using ancestral range reconstruction, we tested if speciation was enhanced by vicariance or by dispersal processes. Phylogenetic relationships among taxa were fully resolved with some incongruence in the position of the tetraploid R. marsicus. Speciation events took place in a very short time at the end of the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (830–580 thousand years ago [ka]). A second wave of intraspecific geographical differentiation occurred at the end of the Riss glaciation or during the Eemian interglacial between 200 and 100 ka. Ancestral range reconstruction suggests a widespread European ancestor of the R. auricomus complex. Vicariance has triggered allopatric speciation in temperate‐montane plant species during the climatic deterioration that occurred during the last phase of the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition. Vegetation restructuring from forest into tundra could have confined these forest species into isolated glacial macro‐ and microrefugia. During subsequent warming periods, range expansions of these species could have been hampered by apomictic derivatives and by other congeneric competitors in the same habitat.  相似文献   

16.
3种淡水肉食性鱼类胰脏及胰液导管系统的组织学比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用解剖学和组织学技术对翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus、大鳍鳠Mystus macropterus和斑鳜Siniperca scherzeri的胰脏进行观察.结果表明,翘嘴鲌和大鳍鳠胰脏为弥漫混合型(suffusion-mix type),斑鳜为散布致密型(disperse-dense type).翘嘴鲌和大鳍鳠胰脏被膜较薄,厚度分别为4.33 μm±1.12 μm和7.24 μm±3.69 μm,而斑鳜胰脏被膜较厚,为50.96 μm±11.02 μm.翘嘴鲌胰小叶不明显,大鳍鳠非常明显,斑鳜比较明显.3种鱼胰腺细胞体积较大,核仁大而明显,细胞质内均有大量深色网络状或羽毛状结构和颗粒物质分布;胰脏内胰液运输管道均由闰管、小叶内导管、小叶间导管和集合导管组成,其中集合导管结构比较典型,管壁分为3层,即内层由单层柱状上皮和固有膜组成,中层由平滑肌细胞组成,外层由结缔组织组成.翘嘴鲌胰岛相对较小和分散,单位面积数量较少;大鳍鳠胰岛相对较大和分散,单位面积数量也较少;斑鳜胰岛最大,相对集中,单位面积数量较多.3种鱼胰岛外均被结缔组织被膜,结缔组织伸入胰岛内将胰岛细胞分隔为细胞小团或细胞索;G-醛复红染色仅观察到A细胞和B细胞,胞质颗粒分别被染成紫红色和黄色;B细胞占优势.  相似文献   

17.
Plate tectonics and sediment processes control regional continental shelf topography. We examine the genetic consequences of how glacial‐associated sea level change interacted with variable nearshore topography since the last glaciation. We reconstructed the size and distribution of areas suitable for tidal estuary formation from the last glacial maximum, ~20 thousand years ago, to present from San Francisco, California, USA (~38°N) to Reforma, Sinaloa, Mexico (~25°N). We assessed range‐wide genetic structure and diversity of three codistributed tidal estuarine fishes (California Killifish, Shadow Goby, Longjaw Mudsucker) along ~4,600 km using mitochondrial control region and cytB sequence, and 16–20 microsatellite loci from a total of 524 individuals. Results show that glacial‐associated sea level change limited estuarine habitat to few, widely separated refugia at glacial lowstand, and present‐day genetic clades were sourced from specific refugia. Habitat increased during postglacial sea level rise and refugial populations admixed in newly formed habitats. Continental shelves with active tectonics and/or low sediment supply were steep and hosted fewer, smaller refugia with more genetically differentiated populations than on broader shelves. Approximate Bayesian computation favoured the refuge–recolonization scenarios from habitat models over isolation by distance and seaway alternatives, indicating isolation at lowstand is a major diversification mechanism among these estuarine (and perhaps other) coastal species. Because sea level change is a global phenomenon, we suggest this top‐down physical control of extirpation–isolation–recolonization may be an important driver of genetic diversification in coastal taxa inhabiting other topographically complex coasts globally during the Mid‐ to Late Pleistocene and deeper timescales.  相似文献   

18.
鄱阳湖黄颡鱼生物学研究   总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33  
本文对翻阳黄颡鱼种内性状变异,食性,年龄和生长,成熟系数,周年变化,繁殖力等生物学特性进行了研究,为进一步利用和增养殖黄颡提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

19.
A deep genetic cline between southern populations of the barnacle Balanus glandula (from about Monterey Bay southward) and northern populations (from northern California through Alaska) has recently been described. If this pattern is due to historical isolation and genetic drift, we expect it to have formed recently and represent a transient, nonequilibrium state. However, this cline appears to have formed well before the last glacial maximum. Our assays of sequence diversity at a region of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I, combined with coalescent estimators of the time of separation for these two regions, suggest that a late Pleistocene event more than 100 thousand years ago may be responsible for the initial separation. This suggests that either strong oceanographic mechanisms or natural selection have maintained the cline, because there has clearly been adequate time for this cline or polymorphism to resolve itself by genetic drift and migration. However, reliance on only a single mitochondrial marker for which the substitution rate has been estimated still limits the resolution of our analysis.  相似文献   

20.
研究了大鳍和瓦氏黄颡鱼血液学指标的季节变化及种间差异 ,旨在为探讨三峡工程所引起的环境变化 ,对两种鱼所产生的生理生态学影响提供基础资料。于 2 0 0 2年 9月至 2 0 0 3年 6月期间 ,分春、夏、秋和冬 4个季节在嘉陵江水土镇以下江段共采集大鳍 111尾 ,瓦氏黄颡鱼 12 4尾。测定了这两种鱼的红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、血清葡萄糖浓度、血清甘油三酯浓度和血清总蛋白浓度等 6项血液学指标。结果表明 ,两种鱼的多项血液学指标均存在显著的季节间差异 ,血液指标的变化趋势并不是随水温的升高而升高。繁殖期两种鱼的血清甘油三酯浓度均显著降低。两种鱼的血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯浓度存在种间差异 ,瓦氏黄颡鱼的血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯浓度均显著高于大鳍。  相似文献   

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