A Study of the Lithic Assemblage from Zhoukoudian Locality 15

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＺｈｏｕｋｏｕｄｉａｎＬｏｃａｌｉｔｙ 1 5ｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｉｎ 1 932ａｎｄｅｘｃａｖａｔｅｄｉｎ 1 935— 1 937.ＩｔｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｃｈｅｓｔｌｏｃａｌｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＺｈｏｕｋｏｕｄｉａｎｃｏｍｐｌｅｘａｎｄａｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｌａｔｅＭｉｄｄｌｅＰｌｅｉｓｔｏｃｅｎｅａｒｃｈｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｉｔｅｉｎＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｇｒｅａｔｅｒＥａｓｔＡｓｉａ .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｔｈｅｒｉｃｈｕｎｅａｒｔｈｅｄｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ ,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ 1 0 0 0 0ｓｔｏｎｅａｒｔｉｆａｃｔｓａｎｄｂｏｎｅｓｏｆａｔｌｅａｓｔ 33ｍａｍｍａｌｉａｎｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ,ｈａｖｅｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄｉｎａｃｃｅｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｏｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ 1 94 0ｓ ,ａｎｄｔｗｏｐａｒｔｉａｌｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ[1— 2 ] ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎｔｈｅ 1 930ｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔｈｅｏｎｌｙｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｉｔｅｆｏｒａｌｏｎｇｔｉｍｅ .Ｉｎ 1 997,ｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｃａｒ...     

广西石灰岩地区新植物

1　厚叶瑞香　新种　图 1 :1～ 2ＤａｐｈｎｅｐａｃｈｙｐｈｙｌｌａＤ .Ｆａｎｇ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ.Ｆｉｇ .1 :1～ 2ＡＤ .ｘｉｃｈｏｕｅｎｓｉＨ .Ｆ .ＺｈｏｕｅｘＣ .Ｙ .Ｃｈａｎｇｆｏｌｉｏｒｕｍｌａｍｉｎｉｓｃｏｒｉａｃｅｉｓｖｅｌｃｒａｓｓｅｃｏｒｉａｃｅｉｓｓａｅｐｅｉｎａｅｑｕｉｌａｔｅｒｉｓｓｉｃｃｏｓｕｐｒａｒｕｇｏｓｉｓｓｕｂｔｕｓｓｕｂｂｒｕｎｎｅｓｃｅｎｔｉｂｕｓｊｕｖｅｎｔｕｔｅｍａｒｇｉｎｅｄｅｎｓｅｃｉｌｉａｔｉｓ,ｂｒａｃｔｅｉｓｍａｊｏｒｉｂｕｓ1 0～ 1 6ｍｍｌｏｎｇｉｓｅｃｉｌ…     

马尾南星--中国广西中部天南星科一新种

马尾南星　新种图 1:1- 4ＡｒｉｓａｅｍａｈｉｐｐｏｃａｕｄａｔｕｍＳ .Ｃ .ＣｈｅｎｅｔＨＬｉ,ｓｐ ,ｎｏｖ .Ｆｉｇ.1:1- 4ＨａｅｃｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｓｐａｄｉｃｉｓｍａｓｃｕｌｉａｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｅｐｌｕｓｍｉｎｕｓｖｅｈｉｐｐｏｃａｕｄａｔｉｆｏｒｍｉＡ ｂａｌａｎｓａｅＡ .Ｅｎｇｌ.ｓｉｍｉｌｉｓ,ａｂｅｏｄｉｆ ｆｅｒｔｆｏｌｉｉｓｄｕｏｂｕｓｍｉｎｏｒｉｂｕｓａｔｑｕｅｆｌｏｒｅｍａｓｃｕｌｏｄｉａｎｄｒｏ .Ｆｏｌｉａｄｕｏ ;ｐｅｔｉｏｌｕｓ 5 5 - 6 5ｃｍｌｏｎｇｕｓ ;ｌａｍｉｎａｔｒｉｓｅｃｔａ …     

Statistical recovering of incomplete genotypic information of DNA molecular markers

Ａｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｍａｒｋｅｒｃａｎｂｅｄｅｓｉｇｎａｔｅｄａｓｃｏｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｏｒｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｔｙｐｅａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｇｅｎｏｔｙｐｉｃｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ[1—4].Ｆｏｒａｃｏｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｍａｒｋｅｒ,ｔｈｒｅｅｂａｎｄｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｃａｎｂｅｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄｉｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｐｈｏｒｅｔｉｃｇｅｌｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｔｏｔｗｏｃｏｐｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＤＮＡｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓｏｎｔｈｉｓｌｏｃｕｓｂｅｉｎｇｈｏｍｏｚｙｇｏｕｓＰ1ｔｙｐｅ,ｈ…     

Three-dimensional Morphometric Analyses of Hominoid Lower Molars from Yuanmou in Yunnan Province,China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｆｏｕｒＭｉｏｃｅｎｅｈｏｍｉｎｏｉｄｓｉｔｅｓｏｆＫａｉｙｕａｎ ,Ｌｕｆｅｎｇ ,ＹｕａｎｍｏｕａｎｄＢａｏｓｈａｎｉｎＹｕｎｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｏｆＣｈｉｎａ ,ＬｕｆｅｎｇａｎｄＹｕａｎｍｏｕａｒｅｔｈｅｒｉｃｈｅｓｔｆｏｓｓｉｌｓｉｔｅｓ .Ｓｉｎｃｅｉｔｓｆｉｒｓｔｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙｉｎ 1 975,ｍａｎｙｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅｓａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆＬｕｆｅｎｇｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｆｏｓｓｉｌｓ .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｎｏａｇｒｅｅｍｅｎｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅａｃｈｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｏｆＬｕｆｅｎｇｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｔｏｏｔｈｅｒＭｉｏｃｅｎｅｈｏｍｉｎｏｉｄｓｆｏｕｎｄａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｏｒｏｎｉｔｓｐｈｙｌｏｇｅｎｙ .ＷｕＲｕｋａｎｇｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｄｉｆ ｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＬｕｆｅｎｇｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓａｎｄｔｈｅＳｉｖａｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｓｐｅｃｉｍｅｎｓｆｏｕｎｄｉｎＴｕｒｋｅｙａｎｄＰ...     

中国剪叶苔属一新种

亚圆叶剪叶苔　新种　图1ＨｅｒｂｅｒｔｕｓｓｕｂｒｏｔｕｎｄａｔｕｓＦｕｅｔＹｉ,ｓｐ.ｎｏｖ.Ｆｉｇ.1ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＨ.ｈｅｒｐｏｃｌａｄｉｏｉｄｉＳｃｏｔｔｅｔＭｉｌｌｅｒａｆｆｉｎｉｓ,ｓｅｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｔｆｏｌｉｉｓｏｖａｔｉｓ,ａｐｉｃｅａｄ1/2ｂｉｆｉｄｉｓ,ｌｏｂｕｌｉｓａｎｇｕｓｔｅｏｖａｔｏｔｒｉａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｂｕｓ,ｖｉｔｔａｉｎｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔａ.Ｐｌａｎｔａｍｉｎｏｒ,ｃａｅｓｐｉｔｏｓａ,ｂｒｕｎｎｅａｖｅｌｆｕｓｃｏｂｒｕｎｎｅａ.Ｃａｕｌｉｓｓｕｂｅｒｅｃｔｕｓ,ａｄ1～2ｃｍｌ…     

湖南菊科紫菀属—新种—吉首紫菀

吉首紫菀　新种　图 1ＡｓｔｅｒｊｉｓｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓＷ .Ｐ .ＬｉｅｔＳ .Ｘ .Ｌｉｕ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .Ｆｉｇ.1ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＡ .ｂａｃｃｈａｒｏｉｄｉ(Ｂｅｎｔｈ .)Ｓｔｅｅｔｚ.ａｆｆｉｎｉｓ,ｓｅｄｃａｕｌｅｓｉｍｐｌｉｃｉ,ｃａｕｌｏｒｕｍｆｏｌｉｏｒｕｍｌａｍｉ ｎｉｓｌｉｎｅａｒｉ ｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔｉｓｕｓｑｕｅｏｂｌｏｎｇｏ ｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔｉｓａｐｉｃｅｌｏｎｇｅａｃｕｍｉｎａｔｉｓ,ｎｅｒｖｉｓｌａｔｅｒａｌｉｂｕｓｉｎｃｏｎ ｓｐｉｃｕｉｓ,ｃａｐｉｔｕｌｉｓ 1～ 4ｉｎｒａｃｅｍｕｍｄｉ…     

Agonist-induced down-regulation of α_(1B)-adrenergic receptor in HEK293 cells transfected with α_(1B)cDNA

α1ａｄｒｅｎｅｒｇｉｃｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｓ(α1ＡＲ)ｂｅｌｏｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｓｕｐｅｒｆａｍｉｌｙｏｆＧｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｓ.Ｐｒｏｌｏｎｇｅｄａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｓｗｏｕｌｄｌｅａｄｔｏａｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎａｇｏｎｉｓｔｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ.Ｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｍａｙｂｅｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｄｏｗｎｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ,ｓｅｑｕｅｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｌａｔｉｏｎ,ｅｔｃ.Ｄｅｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆα1ＢＡＲ…     

Preliminary Study on Raw Materials Exploitation at Donggutuo Site,Nihewan Basin,North China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙｙｅａｒｓｏｆｈｕｍａｎｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ ,Ｐａｌｅｏｌｉｔｈｉｃｓｔｏｎｅａｒｔｉｆａｃｔｓｗｅｒｅｔｈｅｍａｉｎｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｓｙｍｂｏｌｓ ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｙｐｌａｙｅｄｔｈｅｌｅａｄｉｎｇｒｏｌｅｉｎｅａｒｌｙｈｏｍｉｎｉｄａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄ .ＷｉｔｈｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｔｏｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｃａｕｓｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＰａｌｅｏｌｉｔｈｉｃｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆａｓｉｔｅ ,ｍａｎｙｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓｈａｖｅｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒ ｔａｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ[1] ａｎｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｈｕｍａｎｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ[2 ] ,ｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅ ｔｗｅｅｎｒａｗｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓａｎｄＰａｌｅｏｌｉｔｈｉｃｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｈａｓｎｏｔｂｅｅｎｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｌｙｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｄ[3] .Ｉｎａｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ ,ｔｈｅｓｔｏｎｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓａｒｅｏｎｌｙｉｄ...     

Cloning and high-level expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 cDNA derived from human glomerular mesangial cells

Ｐｌａｓｍｉｎｏｇｅｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｏｒｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒ1(ＰＡＩ1)ｉｓａｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｐｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｏｆｕｒｏｋｉｎａｓｅｔｙｐｅｐｌａｓｍｉｎｏｇｅｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｏｒ(ｕＰＡ)ａｎｄｔｉｓｓｕｅｔｙｐｅｐｌａｓｍｉｎｏｇｅｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｏｒ(ｔＰＡ)[1].ＣｈａｎｇｅｓｏｆＰＡＩ1ｍａｙｉｎｄｕｃｅｉｍｂａｌａｎｃｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｇｌｏｍｅｒｕｌａｒｅｘｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｍａｔｒｉｘ(ＥＣＭ)ｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓａｎｄｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎ,ｔｈｕｓｌｅａｄｉｎｇ…     

Food consumption and body composition in mice selected for high wheel-running activity

The effects of genetic selection for high wheel running (13th generation) and prolonged access (8 weeks) to running wheels on food consumption and body composition were studied in house mice (Mus domesticus). Mice from four replicate lines selected for high wheel-running activity ran over twice as many revolutions per day on activity wheels as did mice from four replicate control lines. At approximately 49 days of age, all mice were placed individually in cages with access to wheels and monitored for 6 days, after which wheels were prevented from rotating for the "sedentary" individuals. During the experiment, five feeding trials were conducted and body mass was measured weekly. After 8 weeks, body composition was measured by hydrogen isotope dilution. Across the five feeding trials, mice in the "active" group (wheels free to rotate) consumed 22.4% more food than mice in the "sedentary" group (wheels locked); mice from the selected lines consumed 8.4% more food than mice from the control lines (average of all trials; body mass-corrected values). In females, but not males, we found a significant interaction between selection and wheel access treatments: within the "active" group the difference in food consumption between selected and control animals was greater than in the "sedentary" group. At the end of the study, mice from the "active" and "sedentary" groups did not differ significantly in body mass; however, mice from the selected lines were approximately 6% smaller in body mass. Estimated lean body mass did not differ significantly either between selected and control lines or between wheel-access groups (P>0.3). Mice from selected lines had lower total body fat compared to mice from control lines (P=0.05; 24.5% reduction; LSMEANS) as did mice from the "active" compared to "sedentary" group (P= 0.03; 29.2% reduction; LSMEANS). Under these conditions, a sufficient explanation for the difference in body mass between the selected and control lines was the difference in fat content.     

In vitro protein synthesis activity of poly(A) RNA from neuroblastoma cells

Protein synthesis activity of poly(A) RNA from M1 neuroblastoma cells was studied in a reticulocyte cell-free system. The activity of poly(A) RNA from M1 cells differentiated morphologically by bromodeoxyuridine was compared with that of proliferating cells. Poly(A) RNA from differentiated cells was about 10% more active than the corresponding RNA from proliferating cells. The products synthesized in vitro were fractionated by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. A 420,000-dalton band was present in the translation products programmed by differentiated cell poly(A) RNA; it was absent in the translation products programmed by proliferating cell poly(A) RNA.This paper is part of thesis Doctorat d'Etat of A.D.     

Glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine, glucose and ketone-body metabolism in chick intestinal brush-border cells

1. Suspensions of isolated chick jejunal columnar absorptive (brush-border) cells respired on endogenous substrates at a rate 40% higher than that shown by rat brush-border cells. 2. Added d-glucose (5 or 10mm), l-glutamine (2.5mm) and l-glutamate (2.5mm) were the only individual substrates which stimulated respiration by chick cells; l-aspartate (2.5 or 6.7mm), glutamate (6.7mm), glutamine (6.7mm), l-alanine (1 or 10mm), pyruvate (1 or 2mm), l-lactate (5 or 10mm), butyrate (10mm) and oleate (1mm) did not stimulate chick cell respiration; l-asparagine (6.7mm) inhibited slightly; glucose (5mm) stimulated more than did 10mm-glucose. 3. Acetoacetate (10mm) and d-3-hydroxybutyrate (10mm) were rapidly consumed but, in contrast to rat brush-border cells, did not stimulate respiration. 4. Glucose (10mm) was consumed more slowly than 5mm-glucose; the dominant product of glucose metabolism during vigorous respiration was lactate; the proportion of glucose converted to lactate was greater with 10mm- than with 5mm-glucose. 5. Glutamate and aspartate consumption rates decreased, and alanine and glutamine consumption rates increased when their initial concentrations were raised from 2.5 to 6.7 or 10mm. 6. The metabolic fate of glucose was little affected by concomitant metabolism of any one of aspartate, glutamate or glutamine except for an increased production of alanine; the glucose-stimulated respiration rate was unaffected by concomitant metabolism of these individual amino acids. 7. Chick cells produced very little alanine from aspartate and, in contrast to rat cells, likewise produced very little alanine from glutamate or glutamine; in chick cells alanine appeared to be predominantly a product of transmination of pyruvate derived from glucose metabolism. 8. In chick cells, glutamate and glutamine were formed from aspartate (2.5 or 6.7mm); aspartate and glutamine were formed from glutamate (2.5mm) but only aspartate from 6.7mm-glutamate; glutamate was the dominant product formed from glutamine (6.7mm) but aspartate only was formed from 2.5mm-glutamine. 9. Chick brush-border cells can thus both catabolize and synthesize glutamine; glutamine synthesis is always diminished by concomitant metabolism of glucose, presumably by allosteric inhibition of glutamine synthetase by alanine. 10. Proline was formed from glutamine (2.5mm) but not from glutamine (2.5mm)+glucose (5mm) and not from 2.5mm-glutamate; ornithine was formed from glutamine (2.5mm)+glucose (5.0mm) but not from glutamine alone; serine was formed from glutamine (2.5mm)+glucose (5mm) and from these two substrates plus aspartate (2.5mm). 11. Total intracellular adenine nucleotides (22μmol/g dry wt.) remained unchanged during incubation of chick cells with glucose. 12. Intracellular glutathione (0.7–0.8mm) was depleted by 40% during incubation of respiring chick cells without added substrates for 75min at 37°C; partial restoration of the lost glutathione was achieved by incubating cells with l-glutamate+l-cysteine+glycine.     

Temperature effects on C- and N-mineralization from vegetable crop residues

Net N-mineralization and nitrification from soil organic matter and from vegetable crop residues (leaf-blades of cauliflower and stems of red cabbage) were measured at 4 temperatures during aerobic incubation in the laboratory. C-mineralization from leaf-blades of cauliflower was monitored at 3 different temperatures. N-mineralization from soil organic matter was best described by zero order kinetics N(t)=kt whereas N- and C-mineralization from the crop residues were described by single first order kinetics. Stems of red cabbage mineralized much more slowly than leaf-blades of cauliflower. S-shaped functions were fitted to the relationship between the rate constants of both C and N-mineralization and temperature. The rate parameter of the S-shaped function reflects the temperature dependence of the mineralization rate k. The parameter for N-mineralization of the stem material (=5.36) was significantly higher than for the leaf-blades (=3.38), indicating that there is a strong interaction between temperature and resistance to degradation in the soil. N-mineralization from soil organic matter was least sensitive to temperature (=2.63). Temperature dependence of nitrification was not significantly different from mineralization over the temperature range considered. Rate constants for C-mineralization of cauliflower leaf-blades were higher than for N-mineralization, but the temperature dependence of the rate constants was not significantly different for both processes.     

Cloning of the spoT gene of "Candidatus Phlomobacter fragariae" and development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for detection of the bacterium in insects

Marginal chlorosis is a new disease of strawberry in which the uncultured phloem-restricted proteobacterium "Candidatus Phlomobacter fragariae" is involved. In order to identify the insect(s) vector(s) of this bacterium, homopteran insects have been captured. Because a PCR test based on the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) applied to these insects was unable to discriminate between "P. fragariae" and other insect-associated proteobacteria, isolation of "P. fragariae" genes other than 16S rDNA was undertaken. Using comparative randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs, an amplicon was specifically amplified from "P. fragariae"-infected strawberry plants. It encodes part of a "P. fragariae" open reading frame sharing appreciable homology with the spoT gene from other proteobacteria. A spoT-based PCR test combined with restriction fragment length polymorphisms was developed and was able to distinguish "P. fragariae" from other insect bacteria. None of the many leafhoppers and psyllids captured during several years in and around infected strawberry fields was found to carry "P. fragariae." Interestingly however, the "P. fragariae" spoT sequence could be easily detected in whiteflies proliferating on "P. fragariae"-infected strawberry plants under confined greenhouse conditions but not on control whiteflies, indicating that these insects can become infected with the bacterium.     

Synaptic organization of retinotectal connections of the frog application of pulse triggered averaging

Pulse-triggered averaging technique was applied to retinotectal connections of the frog. An extracellular single unit was first isolated from the terminals of retinal fibers, and then intracellular responses were recorded from a tectal neuron in the vicinity of the extracellular recording electrode. Intracellular potentials in response to a moving stimulus were averaged by triggering with the isolated presynaptic impulses. The results show that "on-off" retinal fibers monosynaptically excite E-E type (EPSP at "on" and "off" of light) and EI-EI type (EPSP-IPSP at "on" and "off" of light). One of the E-E type neurons was identified as a large ganglionic neuron in layer 8.     

Intra- and extracellular forms of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue.

The location of lipoprotein lipase activity in rat adipose tissue was studied using intact epididymal fat pads, isolated adipocytes, and lipoprotein lipase activity secreted from adipocytes as enzyme sources. The enzyme activities of these preparations were characterized by gel filtration. The method used for isolation of adipocytes had been modified to minimize activation of lipoprotein lipase during the procedures. Extracts of intact adipose tissue separated into two major lipoprotein lipase activity peaks, designated "a" and "b", the "a" fraction representing about 30 (fasted rats) to 50% (fed rats) of the total enzyme activity. An intermediate fraction (designated "i") was frequently observed. Extracts of isolated adipocytes from fed rats contained about 35% and those from fasted rats about 65% of the lipoprotein lipase activity present in intact tissue. The "b" fraction constituted 80--97% of the adipocyte lipoprotein lipase activity. In contrast, the enzyme activity secreted from the adipocytes contained only the "a" and "i" fractions. These data implicate the existance of one intracellular form of lipoprotein lipase (corresponding to the "b" fraction), different from extracellular forms of the enzyme (corresponding to fractions "a" and "i"). A transformation of the intracellular to the extracellular forms appears to occur in conjunction with secretion of enzyme from the fat cell.     

Gelatinolytic and fibrinolytic activity in fresh-frozen plasma

Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) was evaluated for gelatinolytic and fibrinolytic activity. Gelatin zymography revealed that gelatinase A (MMP-2) was constitutively present in FFP whereas gelatinase B (MMP-9) was present at variable levels. The presence of MMP-9 likely represents differential release from neutrophils during FFP collection or processing. Although fibrin matrices generated from FFP or freshly prepared plasma contained characteristic crosslinked - dimers and -monomers, matrices generated from FFP were resistant to spontaneous plasmin-dependent fibrinolysis. This observation likely stems from the plasminogen activator instability and could potentially lead to a hypofibrinolytic state. The impact of these in vitro findings to protease balance in patients receiving multiple FFP doses remains to be determined.     

Regeneration of peach plants from callus derived from immature embryos

Summary Peach plants were repeatedly regenerated from immature embryos but not from callus derived from mature embryos. A white, nodular, highly regenerative callus was obtained when friable, primary callus from immature embryos was transferred from medium containing 4.5 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.44 M benzyladenine (BA) to media containing 0.27 M -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.2 M BA. This callus retained its morphogenetic potential for a minimum of three subcultures. Green nodular callus, that lacked regenerative capacity, was produced from primary callus derived from mature embryos. Maximum regeneration of shoots occurred when highly regenerative callus was transferred to a medium in which the NAA concentration was reduced five times and the BA concentration was increased two times. Regenerated shoots were rooted in the dark on a medium containing 28.5 M indoleacetic acid. Cytogenetic analysis of regenerated plants indicated that all plants were diploid, 2n = 2x = 16. Phenotypic evaluation of regenerated plants, grown under field conditions, is now in progress.     

GENERAL PATTERN, 35SO4-INCORPORATION AND INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF GLYCANS IN DEVELOPING SEA URCHIN (ANTHOCIDARIS) EMBRYOS

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) prepared from sea urchin embryos ( Anthocidaris crassispina ) at various stages with or without pulse ³⁵SO₄-labelling was separated into various fractions by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose with a linear NaCl concentration gradient: fraction "P" (nonacidic) and fractions "A" through "F" (of increasing acidities). The ³⁵SO₄-radioactivity was negligible in "P" and "A", largest in "B" and "C", and decreased in the other fractions three alphabetical order. During development (hatched blastulae to gastrulae) the glycans in fractions "P" and "A" decreased in amount, whereas those in "E" and "F" increased. "E" contained heparin-like (AMPS-1) and dermatanpolysulfate-like (AMPS-2) GAG in addition to a sulfated fucogalactan-like (E₁) glycan. Another sulfated fucogalactan-like (F₁) glycan was found in "F". A sulfated polysialic acid-like (S₁) glycan was found in "C". An EDTA-extract of gastrulae gave AMPS-2, E₁ and F₁. The mitochondria-rich fraction gave AMPS-1, whereas the yolk granule-rich fraction gave S₁. Most of the other still unidentified components in "B", "C", and "D" appeared to be derived from glycoproteins and were mainly located in the crude yolk-mitochondrial and cytosol fractions.