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1.
饲养五种夜蛾科昆虫的一种简易人工饲料   总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30  
陈其津  李广宏  庞义 《昆虫知识》2000,37(6):325-327
以黄豆粉、酵母粉及麦麸粉等为主要营养成分 ,研制和筛选出了一种既可工厂化饲养斜纹夜蛾幼虫 ,又可大量饲养甜菜夜蛾、银纹夜蛾、粉纹夜蛾和棉铃虫幼虫的简易人工半合成饲料。利用该饲料目前已实现了工厂化饲养斜纹夜蛾幼虫增殖斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒  相似文献   

2.
【目的】明确寄主植物对感染核型多角体病毒的甜菜夜蛾Spodostera exigua (Hübner)幼虫体内参与黑化反应的关键酶的影响。【方法】借助紫外分光光度计或酶标仪,测定了取食不同食物(蕹菜、甘蓝、黄豆和人工饲料)的感毒与未感毒甜菜夜蛾幼虫血淋巴中多酚氧化酶、酪氨酸羟化酶和多巴脱羧酶含量。【结果】两因素分析显示,感毒和食物两个因子及其交互作用显著影响幼虫血淋巴中这3种酶的活性;进一步比较发现,取食蕹菜的感毒幼虫多酚氧化酶活性最高,取食甘蓝的次之,而以黄豆和人工饲料为食物的多酚氧化酶活性最低,感毒幼虫血淋巴中其他两种酶活性也表现相同的趋势。【结论】寄主植物能够调控感毒甜菜夜蛾幼虫体内参与黑化反应的关键酶活性,而这些关键酶活性的变化可能与寄主植物调控甜菜夜蛾对核型多角体病毒的敏感性有关。  相似文献   

3.
【目的】明确植物次生代谢物对甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua生长发育及解毒酶的影响,探索利用植物次生物质防控甜菜夜蛾的潜在途径。【方法】本研究选用3种含量(0.01%、0.1%和1.0%)的槲皮素、山奈酚和香豆素,分别与人工饲料混合均匀后饲养甜菜夜蛾3龄初幼虫,观察植物次生代谢物对幼虫生长发育的影响;并测定幼虫取食添加0.1%的槲皮素、山奈酚和香豆素的人工饲料24、48和72 h后,幼虫羧酸酯酶(Caboxylesterase,CarE)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(Glutathione-S-transferase,GSTs)和P450解毒酶活性。【结果】添加不同次生物质的人工饲料显著影响甜菜夜蛾幼虫生长和解毒酶活性。与对照组相比,3种次生代谢物均显著提高了幼虫死亡率。幼虫取食添加1%槲皮素的人工饲料后,蛹重显著降低,发育历期明显延长。而取食添加0.1%山奈酚的人工饲料后,可诱导幼虫CarE活性显著增强,0.1%槲皮素和0.1%香豆素对幼虫CarE活性均有显著抑制作用。添加槲皮素对幼虫GSTs活性无显著性影响,添加0.1%山奈酚和0.1%香豆素可诱导幼虫GSTs活性显著升高。0.1%槲皮素和0.1%香豆素可促进幼虫P450活性增强但未达到显著水平,但0.1%山奈酚处理48h后,幼虫P450活性显著降低。【结论】植物次生代谢物种类与含量对甜菜夜蛾生长发育及解毒酶活性存在不同程度的影响。  相似文献   

4.
作者曾报道了一种可较理想饲养甜菜夜蛾幼虫的人工饲料配方 ,但利用该饲料连续饲养甜菜夜蛾 7代后 ,卵孵化率则从第 1代的 89.1 %下降为 6 5 .5 % ,且保持该孵化水平至第 1 1代 ,1 2代后 ,卵孵化率进一步下降。为解决以上问题 ,本实验室对配方作了进一步研究。研究表明 ,在饲料中再添加 5种可促进甜菜夜蛾生长发育的微量物质 ,即可有效阻止甜菜夜蛾因连续继代而出现卵孵化率迅速下降的问题。经实验 ,利用改进后的人工饲料连续饲养甜菜夜蛾9代 ,卵孵化率仍达 80 %以上 ,比原配方相应代数的孵化率提高 1 5 %左右 ,而且其它各测定指标如 :幼虫…  相似文献   

5.
【目的】观察取食人工饲料和3种寄主植物的甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua 3龄幼虫感染核型多角体病毒后,其中肠组织的病理变化。【方法】核型多角体病毒感染甜菜夜蛾后,剖取围食膜观察在不同时间点围食膜的变化,以及采用组织切片法探究取食人工饲料和不同寄主植物的甜菜夜蛾感染病毒前后其中肠组织的病理变化。【结果】幼虫感毒后的围食膜首先由无色透明、具有弹性的圆桶状结构,变成乳白色、弹性降低的单片状结构,随着感毒后时间的推移,围食膜破坏严重,变成无弹性的碎片状。取食不同寄主植物和人工饲料的甜菜夜蛾在未感染病毒时其中肠组织都没有明显的变化,而感染病毒后甜菜夜蛾中肠组织围食膜被破坏或消失;中肠柱状细胞伸长、变形,细胞间隙变大,排列混乱,细胞脱落,肠壁变厚。此外,核型多角体病毒对取食人工饲料和不同寄主植物的甜菜夜蛾中肠组织的影响也存在差异,对取食人工饲料和黄豆的影响类似且最大、甘蓝次之,蕹菜最小。【结论】核型多角体病毒对甜菜夜蛾中肠组织具有显著的影响,且取食不同寄主植物时其影响存在明显差异。  相似文献   

6.
选择4种可规模化饲养的昆虫——米蛾Corcyra cephalonica、家蝇Musca domestica、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigu幼虫来饲养穴蚁蛉Myrmeleon sagax(Walker)幼虫(俗称蚁狮),研究这4种饵料对蚁狮生长发育及消化利用的影响。结果显示,用家蝇幼虫饲养的蚁狮,其体重增长、相对生长率、化蛹率、蛹重均显著高于用斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾幼虫饲养的蚁狮,而幼虫历期则比斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾幼虫饲养的短;用米蛾幼虫饲养,虽然蚁狮体重增长、化蛹率和蛹重与用家蝇幼虫饲养的差异不显著,但其相对生长率却显著低于用家蝇幼虫饲养的蚁狮,幼虫历期也比用家蝇幼虫饲养的明显延长。同时食物消化利用的结果显示,用4种饵料饲养蚁狮,它们的近似消化率差异不显著,但食物利用率和食物转化率均以家蝇幼虫饲养的蚁狮最高。经分析比较,在4种饵料昆虫中,以用家蝇幼虫每4d喂蚁狮1次的饲养效果最佳。  相似文献   

7.
甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒杀虫剂研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
一、利用人工半合成饲料批量饲养甜菜夜蛾从 2 8种不同的人工饲料配方中 ,筛选出一种有利于甜菜夜蛾生长发育的人工饲料。经大批量连续饲养表明 ,该饲料具有饲养效率高、产卵量多和历期短等特点。其中孵化率为 85 %、幼虫存活率 93.3%、幼虫历期 9.5± 2 .1d、化蛹率 92 .6 %、雌蛹重 1 2 1 .2± 1 4.3mg、雄蛹重1 0 8.6± 1 0 .9mg、羽化率 1 0 0 %、产卵量 1 45 2 .2粒 /雌、成虫期 (寿命 ) :雌 1 2 .2± 2 .3d、雄 1 1 .0± 2 .8d。经多年连续批量饲养 ,已建立了一套较为成熟的饲养技术 ,平均每人每月饲养幼虫达 1 0 - 1 2万条。…  相似文献   

8.
幼虫食物对甜菜夜蛾生长发育、繁殖及飞行的影响   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
江幸福  罗礼智 《昆虫学报》1999,42(3):270-276
报道了人工饲料、圆白菜和玉米苗三种食物对甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua发育历期、蛹重以及成虫产卵和飞行能力的影响。幼虫取食人工饲料时发育历期最短,蛹最重(138 mg),产卵量最高(643粒);在12 h的吊飞测试中,成虫飞行距离最远(25.5 km),飞行时间最长(6.2 h),飞行超过10 km的个体占67.9%,超过5 h的占60.7%。幼虫取食玉米苗时发育历期最长,蛹最轻(52 mg),产卵量最低(416粒),成虫仅能飞行3.3 km,1.7 h,飞行超过10 km或5 h的个体均仅占4.2%,各项指标均显著低于人工饲料组。幼虫取食圆白菜时各项指标与人工饲料组基本相似(幼虫历期和蛹重除外),而显著优于玉米苗组(幼虫历期除外)。这些结果表明,幼虫食物对甜菜夜蛾的生长发育、产卵及飞行能力均有显著的影响,因而是影响其个体发育、种群增长及种群动态的重要因素之一。同时,由于取食本人工饲料的各项指标均优于其它两种食料植物,因而可作为饲养甜菜夜蛾的实用饲料。  相似文献   

9.
粘质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens PS-1菌株是从罹病黄曲条跳甲幼虫体内分离获得的病原菌,它对甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua幼虫有显著的胃毒作用。为了明确PS-1菌株的杀虫机理,本文测定了甜菜夜蛾幼虫取食了含PS-1菌株的人工饲料后中肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性,采用组织切片和透射电镜观察研究了甜菜夜蛾幼虫感染PS-1菌株后中肠肠壁细胞结构的变化。结果表明:甜菜夜蛾感染了PS-1菌株后,中肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶的比活力显著降低。对感染了PS-1菌株的甜菜夜蛾幼虫中肠的组织病理学研究发现,中肠整个围食膜被破坏消失;细胞明显伸长,变形;细胞间隙增大,细胞脱落。进一步的透射电镜观察发现中肠细胞的微绒毛脱落,内质网消失,细胞质空泡化。推测,粘质沙雷氏菌PS-1菌株对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的毒杀作用机制之一与消化酶活性抑制和中肠组织病变有关。  相似文献   

10.
幼虫食物对甜菜夜蛾生长发育、繁殖及飞行的影响   总被引:31,自引:8,他引:23  
报道了人工饲料、圆白菜和玉米苗三种食物对甜菜夜蛾 Spodoptera exigua 发育历期、蛹重以及成虫产卵和飞行能力的影响。幼虫取食人工饲料时发育历期最短, 蛹最重 (138 m g) , 产卵量最高 (643 粒) ; 在12 h 的吊飞测试中, 成虫飞行距离最远 (255 k m ) , 飞行时间最长 (62 h) ,飞行超过10 k m 的个体占679 % , 超过5 h 的占607 % 。幼虫取食玉米苗时发育历期最长, 蛹最轻 (52 m g) , 产卵量最低 (416 粒) , 成虫仅能飞行33 k m , 17 h , 飞行超过10 k m 或5 h 的个体均仅占42 % , 各项指标均显著低于人工饲料组。幼虫取食圆白菜时各项指标与人工饲料组基本相似 ( 幼虫历期和蛹重除外) , 而显著优于玉米苗组 ( 幼虫历期除外) 。这些结果表明, 幼虫食物对甜菜夜蛾的生长发育、产卵及飞行能力均有显著的影响, 因而是影响其个体发育、种群增长及种群动态的重要因素之一。同时, 由于取食本人工饲料的各项指标均优于其它两种食料植物, 因而可作为饲养甜菜夜蛾的实用饲料。  相似文献   

11.
Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hb.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the major pest of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Pesticide applications are the main method of the insect control. So, alternative method/s is/are needed to control this insect species. So, in the current study, the effect of Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) (snowdrop lectin) on beet armyworm α-amylase was studied. Measurement of the amylase activity of the larval midgut fed on artificial diet and sugar beet leaves showed that the enzyme activity was higher when the larvae fed on artificial diet. However, in both cases, the fourth instar larvae had the greatest amylase activity. Thus, fourth instar larvae were offered artificial diet containing 1 and 2% GNA. Both treatments of the lectin significantly reduced the α-amylase activity of the insect. For example, amylase activity of the fourth instar larvae in the control (fed only on artificial diet) was 2.62 Uml?1 whilst the activity of the enzyme in the two treatments including diet containing 2 and 1% lectin was 1.45 and 1.75 Uml?1, respectively. The achieved data showed that lectin, in addition to have toxic effect on the larval growth and development, affects the α-amylase activity of the insect gut.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract Three commercial neem [ Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)]-based insecticides, Agroneem, Ecozin, and Neemix, and a non-commercial neem leaf powder, were evaluated for oviposition deterrence, antifeedant effect on larvae, and toxicity to eggs and larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on cotton leaves in the laboratory. Oviposition deterrence in no-choice, and two- and fivechoice assays, was observed for the neem-based insecticide treatments when compared with a non-treated control. Neem-based insecticides also deterred feeding by beet armyworm larvae. Direct contact with neem-based insecticides decreased the survival of beet armyworm eggs. Survival of beet armyworm larvae fed for 7 days on leaves treated with neembased insecticides was reduced to 27, 33, 60, and 61% for neem leaf powder, Ecozin, Agroneem, and Neemix, respectively. Possibilities for adoption of neem-based insecticides in commercial cotton for beet armyworm control are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the most economically important sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) pest worldwide. In this study, a comparison was made between two different diets: one was based on Merkx diet (Holidic diet) and the other was based on sugar beet leaf (Oligidic diet). Results showed that the whole development time from larvae to adult between two diets (Merkx and leaf) was not significantly different. For example, developmental time from first instar larvae to adult in Merkx diet was 11.33?days, whilst developmental time of larvae to adult when larvae fed with sugar beet leaf was 10.33?days. However, analysis of variance showed that in some cases like development time of the first instar, third instar and fifth instar larvae and pupae was significantly different between two treatments (p?<?0.05). Larval weight showed differences when larvae fed on Merkx diet and sugar beet leaves. For example, significant differences were shown between first, third and fourth instar larvae weight when larvae fed on Merkx diet and sugar beet leaves (p?<?0.05). However, significant differences were not observed between weight of second and fifth instar as well as pupae weight when larvae fed on Merkx diet and sugar beet leaves (p?>?0.05).  相似文献   

14.
Lettuce quality and yield can be reduced by feeding of several lepidopterous pests, particularly cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Host plant resistance to these insects is an environmentally sound adjunct to conventional chemical control. In this study we compared the survival, development, and feeding behavior of cabbage looper and beet armyworm on two romaine lettuce cultivars, resistant 'Valmaine' and susceptible 'Tall Guzmaine'. Larval mortality of both species was significantly higher on resistant Valmaine than on susceptible Tall Guzmaine. The average weight per larva after feeding for 1 wk on Tall Guzmaine plants was 6 times (beet armyworm) and 2 times (cabbage looper) greater than that of larvae feeding on Valmaine plants. Significant reduction in larval growth on Valmaine compared with that on Tall Guzmaine resulted in a 5.9- (beet armyworm) and 2.6-d (cabbage looper) increase in larval duration and almost a 1-d increase in pupal duration. Average pupal and adult weights and successful pupation of cabbage looper and beet armyworm were reduced on Valmaine compared with Tall Guzmaine. The sex ratio of progeny did not deviate from 1:1 when larvae were reared on either Valmaine or Tall Guzmaine. The fecundity of cabbage looper and beet armyworm adults that developed from larvae reared on Valmaine was about one-third that of adults from Tall Guzmaine, but adult longevity did not significantly differ on the two lettuce cultivars. The two insect species showed different feeding preferences for leaves of different age groups on Valmaine and Tall Guzmaine. Cabbage loopers cut narrow trenches on the leaf before actual feeding to block the flow of latex to the intended site of feeding. In contrast, beet armyworms did not trench. The different feeding behavior of the two species on Valmaine may explain the superior performance of cabbage looper compared with beet armyworm.  相似文献   

15.
【目的】明确甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)不同龄期幼虫对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和毒死蜱的敏感性及其与羧酸酯酶、多功能氧化酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的相关性。【方法】采用室内生物测定方法检测甜菜夜蛾不同龄期幼虫对药剂的敏感性,并检测了不同龄期幼虫体内羧酸酯酶、多功能氧化酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活力。【结果】在所测定的5个龄期中,随龄期增加,敏感性逐渐降低,其中1~5龄幼虫对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的LC50分别为0.1010、0.3561、0.7568、1.4325和8.4390 mg/L,对毒死蜱的LC50分别为27.4632、46.8495、87.5222、129.3217和1 356.6770 mg/L。单头幼虫的羧酸酯酶、多功能氧化酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活力随虫龄的增加而提高,与龄期间对药剂的敏感性呈负相关(由于外源化合物摄入量减少,5龄单头幼虫的多功能氧化酶活力略有降低)。【结论】甜菜夜蛾不同龄期幼虫对药剂的敏感性存在非常明显的差异,在田间防治中,应选择对杀虫剂敏感性较高的低龄幼虫作为最佳防治时期。  相似文献   

16.
P. H. Smits  J. M. Vlak 《BioControl》1988,33(3):299-308
The virulence of 5 nuclear polyhedrosis viruses infectious for larvae of beet armyworm,Spodoptera exigua, was studied and their potential as biological control agents of this accidentally introduced pest in Dutch greenhouse crops is discussed. Three of the virus isolates were collected from deceased beet armyworm larvae found in Dutch greenhouses. Based on restriction endonuclease patterns of their DNA they appeared to be closely related toMamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus (MbMNPV) and therefore were named MbMNPV-NL80, MbMNPV-NL82 and MbMNPV-NL83. These isolates were not related toAutographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) or toSpodoptera exigua MNPV (SeMNPV), both originating from the USA. Comparison of the oiological activity of these 5 isolates showed that the SeMNPV was more virulent against beet armyworm than the other isolates. There was no significant difference in virulence between MbMNPV-NL80, NL82, NL83 and AcMNPV forS. exigua. The LD-50 values of the 5 isolates for 2nd instar larvae were 3, 26, 14, 17 and 18 polyhedra, respectively. Despite compensating qualities of the other MNPVs, such as a broader host range and potential production in alternate hosts or cell-lines, SeMNPV is considered to be the most suitable candidate as biological control agent of beet armyworm.   相似文献   

17.
转Bt基因玉米对甜菜夜蛾幼虫存活和发育的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
在室内测定了2种转Cry1Ab基因的Bt玉米MON810和Bt11不同组织对甜菜夜蛾 Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)初孵幼虫以及心叶对4龄幼虫存活和发育的影响,在田间比较了甜菜夜蛾幼虫取食Bt 和非Bt玉米雌穗的存活和为害情况。结果表明,转Cry1Ab基因的Bt玉米的不同组织对甜菜夜蛾初孵幼虫都具有明显的杀虫活性,取食Bt玉米心叶、苞叶、籽粒时甜菜夜蛾均在幼虫期死亡; 取食MON810和Bt11雄穗的初孵幼虫化蛹率分别为5.2%和2.1%,羽化率为2.1%和1.0%;取食MON810和Bt11花丝的初孵幼虫化蛹率分别为1.0%和2.1%,但不能羽化。4龄幼虫取食MON810玉米心叶的化蛹率与对照差异不显著,而取食Bt11的化蛹率与对照差异显著; 取食两种Bt玉米心叶的4龄幼虫化蛹后的雌、雄蛹重和羽化率与对照组差异显著,但蛹期和平均单雌产卵量差异不显著,虽然对照组羽化的成虫平均产卵量高于Bt玉米组。田间接种初孵幼虫10 天后的调查结果表明,在MON810和Bt11玉米花丝上幼虫存活率分别为1.3%和0.3%, 而对照组分别为12.9%和16.2%;MON810和Bt11玉米雌穗被害率分别为18.3%和5.0%,而对照组分别为93.3%和95.0%,均显著低于对照组。  相似文献   

18.
Development, reproduction and food utilization of three successive generations of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), fed on transgenic and non‐transgenic Bt cotton were examined. Significantly longer larval life‐span and lower pupal weight were observed in three successive generations of S. exigua fed on transgenic Bt cotton compared with non‐transgenic Bt cotton. Significantly higher survival rate and adult fecundity of S. exigua were found in three successive generations of S. exigua fed on transgenic Bt cotton compared with non‐transgenic Bt cotton. The survival rate and adult fecundity of S. exigua were occurred significant increase in the third generation compared with the first generation after feeding on transgenic Bt cotton. Significantly lower consumption, frass and relative growth rate (RGR) were observed in three successive generations of S. exigua fed on transgenic Bt cotton compared with non‐transgenic Bt cotton. Cotton variety significantly affected all indices of larval consumption and utilization in three successive generations of S. exigua, except for efficiency of conversion of ingested food. However, beet armyworm generation only significantly affected RGR of S. exigua. The results of this study indicated food quality on the diet‐utilization efficiency of S. exigua was different along with beet armyworm generation. Measuring multigenerational development and food utilization of S. exigua at individual and population level in response to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can provide a more meaningful evaluation of long‐term population dynamics than experiments on a single generation. It is imperative to develop an appropriate multigenerational pest management tactic to monitor the field population dynamics of non‐target pests (e.g., beet armyworm) in agricultural Bt cotton ecosystem.  相似文献   

19.
重金属的污染及其治理是目前倍受关注的生态学问题之一.甜菜夜蛾是我国长江流域及以南地区蔬菜、棉花等作物上的主要害虫,近几年突发趋势明显.本文以甜菜夜蛾为靶标对象,设计5个浓度(0.3、1.2、4.8、19.2、76.8 mg · kg-1)重金属Pb2+处理,探讨处理后甜菜夜蛾各虫态体内Pb2+的积累和排泄,并根据甜菜夜蛾各虫态的生长与存活情况,构建了该虫连续3个世代的种群生命表.结果表明: 取食含有不同浓度Pb2+的人工饲料后,各虫态甜菜夜蛾体内Pb2+的浓度在同一世代不同处理间存在显著差异,且呈显著的剂量 反应关系.各虫态体内Pb2+的浓度基本上随胁迫世代数的延长而增加.受Pb2+胁迫后,各虫态体内Pb2+的浓度顺序为5龄幼虫>成虫>蛹;该虫可通过粪便、预蛹蜕和蛹壳排泄体内部分重金属,且粪便和预蛹蜕中的Pb2+浓度远大于蛹蜕中的浓度;根据Pb2+不同浓度条件下甜菜夜蛾各虫态的存活率、雌性比和产卵量,构建的种群生命表表明,低浓度Pb2+胁迫可促进甜菜夜蛾的种群增长,而高浓度胁迫使种群增长衰退;且随着重金属的持续胁迫,其种群衰退更明显.研究结果为长期、客观评价重金属的危害性以及对重要农业害虫的种群影响提供了借鉴.  相似文献   

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