绿色糖单孢菌-木素过氧化物酶的发酵工艺研究

本研究以一株中度耐热耐碱放线菌——绿色糖单孢菌(Saccharomonospora viridis)为研究对象,用16 L发酵罐对该菌进行了木素过氧化物酶(lignin peroxidases,LiP)的诱导发酵,确定了最适的产酶工艺条件:接种量为10%,C/N为1∶3,搅拌速度为250 r/min,通气量为5 L/min,通过控制通气量和调整搅拌转速,使溶氧维持在35%以上,此条件下绿色糖单孢菌较摇瓶实验提前将近24 h达到产酶高峰,酶活最高可达0.41 U/ml;同时在发酵罐中测定该菌株的生长曲线和代谢曲线以确定其发酵代谢规律。     

绿色糖单孢菌-木素过氧化物酶的发酵工艺研究

本研究以一株中度耐热耐碱放线菌--绿色糖单孢菌(Saccharomonospora viridis)为研究对象,用16 L发酵罐对该菌进行了木素过氧化物酶(lignin peroxidases, LiP)的诱导发酵,确定了最适的产酶工艺条件:接种量为10%,C/N为1∶3,搅拌速度为250 r/min,通气量为5 L/min,通过控制通气量和调整搅拌转速,使溶氧维持在35%以上,此条件下绿色糖单孢菌较摇瓶实验提前将近24 h达到产酶高峰,酶活最高可达0.41 U/ml;同时在发酵罐中测定该菌株的生长曲线和代谢曲线以确定其发酵代谢规律.     

绿色糖单孢菌胞外酶预漂白烧碱蒽醌麦草浆机理的初步研究

用绿色糖单孢菌胞外酶的粗酶液对麦草烧碱蒽醌浆进行生物预处理及后续漂白．结果表明：1）酶处理对DED（Chlorine Dioxide-Alkaline Extraction-Chlorine Dioxide）的助漂效果非常明显,白度增加了（ISO）17．4％;2）酶处理后纸浆中戊聚糖相对含量比对照浆减少了1．99％,木糖相对含量减少了1．10％．阿拉伯糖相对含量减少了0．98％,葡萄糖相对含量增加2．08％;3）酶处理后纸浆的结晶度有所提高．通过红外光谱和紫外光谱研究了生物预处理的漂白机理．结果表明：酶处理可减少漂后纸浆中发色基团和木素的相对含量.     

绿色糖单孢菌-木素过氧化物酶的纯化及酶学性质研究

实验以一株耐热耐碱放线菌--绿色糖单孢菌(Saccharomonospora viridis)为研究对象,从其液体发酵产物中提取木素过氧化物酶(Lignin Peroxidases / LiP),粗酶液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析浓缩,最后经过Sephadex G-75柱色谱得到单一的LiP,酶纯度提高了11.06 倍;经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定该酶的分子量约为28.8kD.同时对纯酶的酶学性质进行了初步研究,发现LiP 酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应为7.0 ;在75℃下具有良好的热稳定性,在pH7 ～ 10 范围内有较强的耐受力,保温30min 时酶的半衰期温度为75℃ ;该酶在高温、偏碱性的造纸工业中具有一定应用潜力.金属离子Cu2+、Fe2+、Co2+ 对酶具有明显促进作用,Ca2+、SDS 具有抑制作用;糖含量测定发现该酶为小分子量的糖基化蛋白,含有6.59% 的糖;酶动力学反应测定发现该酶对底物2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)的Km 值为0.1057mmol/L.     

不同碳源和氮源对金针菇降解木质纤维素酶活性的影响

以3株栽培的金针菇Flammulina velutipes为材料,研究它们在玉米芯和棉子壳以及不同碳源、氮源培养条件下纤维素、半纤维素和木质素降解酶活性的规律。结果表明,不同金针菇菌株的羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和漆酶活力显著不同（P<0.001）,同时,培养条件对羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和漆酶的活力都有显著影响（P<0.001）。在简单碳源存在的条件下,金针菇的羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活力远远低于复杂碳源培养基（P<0.05）。全营养培养基上生长的金针菇的羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活力低于缺乏碳源和氮源的培养基（P<0.05）。漆酶活力在无简单氮源培养基上低于全培养基（P<0.05）和无葡萄糖培养基（P<0.05）,即复杂碳源和氮源培养基上的漆酶活力低于简单碳源和氮源培养基（P<0.05）。     

同步分泌高效纤维素酶和木聚糖酶菌株YB的鉴定及其酶学性质研究

筛选和鉴定可降解木质纤维素的真菌,并研究其产酶特征。采用刚果红平板涂布法,从荔枝腐叶中筛选具有木质纤维素降解能力的真菌,结合ITS-rDNA序列分析进行鉴定,初步测定其产酶条件,然后采用DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换层析与Sephadex G-100凝胶层析对硫酸铵沉淀的粗酶液进行分离纯化,对其开展酶学性质研究。结果显示,筛选出一株可降解木质纤维素降解的菌株YB,鉴定为绿木霉(Trichoderma virens)。在发酵过程中,纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的最大活力分别为313.53±26.78 U/mL和18 120.87±500.37 U/mL。分离纯化得到纤维素酶(CMC酶)Ⅰb、Ⅳ和木聚糖酶Ⅰa;通过SDS-PAGE检测,其分子量分别为58.5 kD、22.8 kD和44.5 kD。3种酶的最适酶促反应条件均为:50℃,pH 5.0。其中,木聚糖酶能有效降解玉米芯木聚糖为木糖和多种木寡糖。菌株Trichoderma virens YB可分泌高效木质纤维素降解酶,具有应用于木聚糖酶和木寡糖生产的潜力。     

黄孢原毛平革菌生产锰过氧化物酶的发酵条件研究

目的 :研究黄孢原毛平革菌产锰过氧化物酶的发酵条件。方法 :对培养条件进行优化 ,采用正交设计法对培养基组分进行优化。结果与结论 :优化培养条件为 :接种量 1 6× 10 6 个孢子 L ,pH 4 4～ 4 8,温度 36℃～ 4 0℃ ,转数 12 0r/min。优化培养基参数为 :葡萄糖 5g L ,酒石酸铵 1 3mmol L ,吐温 - 80 1 2g L ,Mn2 + 0 9mmol L。     

绿色糖单孢菌产木聚糖酶规律及其耐碱耐热性的初步研究

采用绿色糖单孢菌为实验材料,在不同诱导产酶培养基上经过192h的振荡培养,探索其产酶时程规律．结果表明,不同的诱导底物诱导产生的木聚糖酶活性差异不显著,但诱导产纤维素酶活性差异显著．其中松木粉加棉纱培养基诱导产纤维素酶活性为0．08IU／ml,与空白对照(5．40IU／ml)相比显著下降(P≤0．05)．为了适应纸浆漂白实际应用中纤维素酶越少越好的要求,选择该培养基为最佳诱导产酶培养基．绿色糖单孢菌在上述培养基中培养156h后达到木聚糖酶产酶高峰。粗酶液酶活可达到9．03IU／ml．通过对该酶进行高温及碱性处理。实验结果表明绿色糖单孢菌分泌的木聚糖酶在pH7．0下反应表现最高活性,同时在90℃下保温3h后酶活为原来的63．55％,具有较好的耐碱耐热性．     

绿色糖单孢菌木聚糖酶的分离纯化与酶学性质研究

木聚糖酶是一种重要的具有工业应用前景的木聚糖降解酶,在充分利用自然资源、保护生态环境等方面具有十分重要的意义.通过硫酸铵分级沉淀及Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析方法从一株中度耐热耐碱放线菌—绿色糖单孢菌的胞外酶中纯化得到单一的木聚糖酶,相对分子质量为51 kD,酶纯度提高了13.01倍.纯酶最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH值为7.0;75℃以下该酶具有良好的热稳定性,在pH 7～10范围内具有较强的耐受力.金属离子Ca2+、Fe2+、Zn2+对该酶具有明显促进作用,Cu2+、Mn2+、Al3+和SDS具有抑制作用而K+,Na+,Mg2+没有明显的作用.该酶为大分子质量的糖基化蛋白,含糖量为21.96%.     

黑曲霉产木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究

将经过诱变选育高产木聚糖酶并具有Nystatin抗性的黑曲霉,分别在不同条件下进行固体发酵培养,探讨最佳产酶条件。结果显示:在以质量分数1%木糖为附加碳源,以质量分数2%NH4NO3为氮源,无机盐为质量分数1%NaCl,加水比例为1:1.3,接种量为1.5%,装料量为5g/300m l三角瓶,培养温度为30℃,培养周期为72 h的培养条件下,菌株产木聚糖酶活力提高至7285.4 IU.g-1。比出发菌株提高了20%。酶活力测定采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)法。     

Degradation of Lignin-Containing Materials by Xylanase in Biopreparation of Cotton

Solubilization of lignin and carbohydrates from the lignin-holocellulose structure of cotton seed-coat fragments was investigated by UV/VIS spectrometry. Xylanase (Pulpzyme HC) pre-treatment partially destroyed the lignocellulosic structure of the seed-coat fragments, producing reducing sugars and soluble lignin in the supernatant. Furthermore, the pre-treatment by enzyme enhanced the delignification in the subsequent alkaline scouring process and increased the lightness of the substrate.     

酶在纸浆漂白中的应用

介绍了酶在纸浆漂白工业中的研究及应用概况,特别是木聚糖酶在纸浆漂白中的应用及其研究进展。     

Residual lignin studies of laccase-delignified kraft pulps

The delignification of chemical pulps with laccase and -hydroxybenzotriazole was explored employing a pre- and post-O₂ delignified softwood draft pulp. The delignification properties of laccase were shown to be improved with -hydroxybenzotriazole was used as a mediator instead of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Analysis of the structure of residual lignin before and after laccase/ -hydroxybenzotriazole treatment indicated that the biobleaching system oxidizes the phenolic component of lignin and that the residual lignin is demethylated and significantly enriched in carboxylic acid groups.     

The performance of fungal xylan-degrading enzyme preparations in elemental chlorine-free bleaching for Eucalyptus pulp

Cellulase-free xylan-degrading enzyme preparations from Acrophialophora nainiana, Humicola grisea var. thermoidea and two Trichoderma harzianum strains were used as bleaching agents for Eucalyptus kraft pulp, prior to a chlorine dioxide and alkaline bleaching sequence. In comparison to the control sequence (performed without xylanase pretreatment), the sequence incorporating enzyme treatment was more effective. Removal of residual lignin was indicated by a reduction in kappa number. Overall, enzyme preparations from T. harzianum were marginally more effective in reducing pulp viscosity and chlorine chemical consumption and improving the brightness of the kraft pulp. However, the highest reduction in pulp viscosity was mediated by the xylanase preparation from A. nainiana. Xylanase pretreatment compares very favorably with that of chemical pulping. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 28, 204–206 DOI: 10.1038/sj/jim/7000227 Received 27 April 2001/ Accepted in revised form 03 November 2001     

Xylanase-induced reduction of chlorine dioxide consumption during elemental chlorine-free bleaching of different pulp types

The potential of crude xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus and Xylanase P (a commercial xylanase) was evaluated in bleaching of various paper pulp types. Xylanases released chromophores and reducing sugars and decreased kappa number of pulps. Chlorine-bleached, alkali-extracted bagasse and post-oxygen kraft pulps, pretreated with enzymes, gained over 5 brightness points over controls. Biobleaching of soda-aq pulp with Xylanase P produced chlorine dioxide savings of up to 30% or 4.5 kg chlorine dioxide t^–1 pulp.     

Enzymatic Biobleaching of Two Recalcitrant Paper Dyes with Horseradish and Soybean Peroxidase

A stilbene dye (Direct Yellow 11) and a methine dye, Basazol 46L, recalcitrant to common chemical bleaches, were treated with horseradish and soybean peroxidases. Both enzymes were effective at chromophore removal. When compared to laccase in combination with a mediator (ABTS), soybean peroxidase was more effective at oxidative dye removal, especially for the methine dye.     

Removal of carboxymethyl cellulase activity from the culture filtrate of Termitomyces clypeatus producing xylanase

Termitomyces clypeatus produced 450 IU xylanase ml^–1 in a medium containing starch-free wheat bran powder as the carbon source. Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity in the culture filtrate was removed by keeping the filtrate at pH 10 for 60 min followed by a change to pH 6. Treatment of Kraft pulp (bamboo) with the filtrate at pH 7 decreased the kappa number from 10.5 to 5 with release of reducing groups equivalent to 0.15 mg glucose g^–1 pulp.     

Multicomponent cellulase production by Cellulomonas biazotea NCIM‐2550 and its applications for cellulosic biohydrogen production

Among four cellulolytic microorganisms examined, Cellulomonas biazotea NCIM‐2550 can grow on various cellulosic substrates and produce reducing sugar. The activity of cellulases (endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and cellobiase), xylanase, amylase, and lignin class of enzymes produced by C. biazotea was mainly present extracellularly and the enzyme production was dependent on cellulosic substrates (carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC], sugarcane bagasse [SCB], and xylan) used for growth. Effects of physicochemical conditions on cellulolytic enzyme production were systematically investigated. Using MnCl₂ as a metal additive significantly induces the cellulase enzyme system, resulting in more reducing sugar production. The efficiency of fermentative conversion of the hydrolyzed SCB and xylan into clean H₂ energy was examined with seven H₂‐producing pure bacterial isolates. Only Clostridiumbutyricum CGS5 exhibited efficient H₂ production performance with the hydrolysate of SCB and xylan. The cumulative H₂ production and H₂ yield from using bagasse hydrolysate (initial reducing sugar concentration = 1.545 g/L) were approximately 72.61 mL/L and 2.13 mmol H₂/g reducing sugar (or 1.91 mmol H₂/g cellulose), respectively. Using xylan hydrolysate (initial reducing sugar concentration = 0.345 g/L) as substrate could also attain a cumulative H₂ production and H₂ yield of 87.02 mL/L and 5.03 mmol H₂/g reducing sugar (or 4.01 mmol H₂/g cellulose), respectively. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010     

Carbohydrate-binding modules influence substrate specificity of an endoglucanase from Clostridium thermocellum

Most cellulases contain carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) that largely contribute to their activity for insoluble substrates. Clostridium thermocellum Cel5E is an endoglucanase having xylanolytic activity. The Cel5E originally has a family 11 CBM preferentially binding to β-1,4- and β-1,3-1,4-mixed linkage glucans. In this study, we replaced the CBM with a different type of CBM, either a family 3 microcrystalline cellulose-directed CBM from Clostridium josui scaffoldin, or a family 6 xylan-directed CBM from Clostridium stercorarium xylanase 11A. Chimeric endoglucanases showed enhanced activity that was affected by CBM binding specificity. These chimeric enzymes could efficiently degrade milled lignocellulosic materials, such as corn hulls, because of heterologous components in the plant cell wall, indicating that diverse CBMs play roles in degradation of lignocellulosic materials.