防风胚状体发生发育中多糖的组织化学定位和提取

以防风胚状体的发生体系为材料,利用半薄切片技术研究了培养物中淀粉体的组织化学定位,并采用分光光度法测定了不同培养阶段多糖含量的动态变化。结果发现在胚性细胞内积累了大量的淀粉体;在4%蔗糖浓度培养基中培养的胚性愈伤组织多糖含量最高。研究表明多糖为胚性细胞的分化和发育直接提供了物质和能源;胚性愈伤组织可以推荐为药性成分多糖的提取材料之一。     

植物组织培养中畸形胚的发生和控制

文章介绍植物组织培养中畸形胚的常见类型、发生原因、发生机制,调控手段及畸形胚成苗等研究进展.     

组织培养中畸形胚状体及超度含水态苗的研究

畸形胚状和超度含水态苗是组织培养中常见的2种形态、生理异常现象,由于其难以发育成苗或很难移栽成活而严重影响组织培养的成功率。概述了这2种畸形现象的的形态特征及防止方法等,并讨论了应进一步研究的问题。     

一品红组织培养中植物激素对胚状体发生的效应

以一品红(Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd)幼茎为外植体,接种在培养基MS+ZT 0.5mg*L-1(以下单位相同)、NAA 0.5、IBA 0.5、2,4-D 1.0、6-BA 1.0上诱导愈伤组织,其中以MS+NAA 0.5时愈伤组织诱导率最高,为96.4%.将继代培养的愈伤组织,接种到MS+ZT 1.0+NAA 0-2.0、IBA 0-2.0、2,4-D 0-2.0;MS+6-BA 1.0+NAA 0-2.0、IBA 0-2.0、2,4-D 0-2.0培养基上,进行胚状体的分化培养,其中以ZT 1.0+2,4-D 0.5效果最好.     

防风体细胞胚发生发育中的淀粉体和多糖动态

以防风体细胞胚的发生体系为材料,通过半薄切片技术研究了培养物中淀粉体的组织化学定位,并采用分光光度法测定了不同培养阶段的多糖含量.结果发现在胚性细胞内积累了大量的淀粉体;含4%蔗糖的培养基中的胚性愈伤组织阶段多糖含量最高.研究表明糖类物质的活跃代谢为胚性细胞的分化和发育直接提供了物质和能源;大量淀粉体的存在可作为胚性细胞分化的标记.     

防风悬浮培养中的体细胞胚发生

将防风（Ｓａｐｏｓｈｎｉｋｏｖｉａ ｄｉｖａｒｉｃａｔａ （Ｔｕｒｃｚ．） Ｓｃｈｉｓｃｈｋ．）试管苗幼根接种在含０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ 的ＭＳ培养基上诱导出愈伤组织,继而在含１０％ 椰子乳和０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ的ＭＳ液体培养基中振荡分散建立了细胞悬浮物。至胚性细胞团产生后转至无激素培养基中形成体细胞胚。观察了从单细胞直到球形胚发生的显微及超微结构的变化。在胚性细胞团阶段细胞内出现周质内质网,它的出现可能与细胞团向原胚过渡时的特殊代谢相联系。从单细胞至原胚各阶段细胞内均含有圆球体,到原胚时数量大增,而且其中央电子致密的基质变小变浅,周边部分扩大并更加透明,暗示圆球体在胚胎发生早期起着贮藏蛋白或脂蛋白的作用,后来消耗于原胚的建成而衍生为脂滴。球形胚阶段,在很多细胞的液泡中出现团块状的液泡蛋白。此外还观察到,悬浮培养时单细胞的聚集能促进体细胞胚的发生     

磁场对防风体细胞胚发生发育和亚显微结构的影响

近年来,关于防风的离体培养国内学者相继进行了研究,余绍华等（１９８５）用幼叶诱导愈伤组织分化出根芽;慈忠玲和陈惠民（１９９５,１９９６）通过悬浮培养诱导体细胞胚发生及再生植株,对单细胞至球形胚形成的各阶段作了显微及超微结构观察,并对其培养过程中的染色体变异进行了分析;盛世红和陈惠民（１９９０）用原生质体培养获得了再生植株。但目前还未见磁场对防风胚状体发生和发育影响方面的报告。关于生物磁学在植物组织培养中的应用,赵成章（１９８０）研究了磁场对水稻花粉愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响;王曼丝和李鸣镝（１９９…     

提高防风种子发芽率的实验研究

目的：提高防风种子发芽率,加大黑龙江省地道药材防风的开发力度。方法：分别采用45℃温水浸种12、24h;150w微波辐射15s、20s、25s 30s;流水冲洗防风种子3—4h;柳枝浸出液为萌发剂培养防风种子,同时培养未经处理的种子作为对照组。结果：对照组发芽率为36．67％;温浸组为60．33％;微波15s组发芽率为68．00％,20s组为74．33％,25s组为71．17％,30s组为67．33％;流水组发芽率为84．00％;柳枝组发芽率为68．67％。结论：大规模播种可采用45℃温水浸种12-24h、150w微波辐射20s、流水冲洗3—4h、柳枝浸出液为萌发剂均可提高发芽势、发芽率,缩短发芽历期,改善出芽不齐等现象。     

防风大、小孢子发生与雌、雄配子体发育的研究

利用常规石蜡制片法研究了防风大、小孢子发生及其雌、雄配子体的发育过程。主要结果是：(1)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为同时型,小孢子四分体为四面体形;(2)成熟的花粉粒为三细胞型,具3个孔沟;(3)花药壁发育类型为双子叶型。花药壁由4层结构组成：最外层为表皮,其内分别为药室内壁、1层中层、绒毡层,绒毡层为分泌型;(4)防风的子房为2室,每室1胚珠,单珠被,薄珠心,倒生型胚珠。大孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成线形排列的4个大孢子,合点端大孢子具功能;(5)大孢子发生过程中,具有多个孢原细胞及多个大孢子母细胞的现象,但通常只有一个大孢子母细胞能继续发育;(6)胚囊发育属于蓼型;(7)防风的花为极端的雌雄蕊异熟,雄蕊的发育早于雌蕊的发育。     

防风挥发油的GC—MS分析

用气相色谱-质谱联用、气相色谱以及柱层析方法分析、分离了防风挥发油的化学成分,鉴定了38个化合物,主成分为人参醇(panaxynol)。     

Somatic Embryogenesis and in vitro Flowering in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saposhnikovia divaricata</Emphasis>

Efficient somatic embryogenesis (SE) and in vitro flowering and fruiting were achieved in Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. Friable embryogenic callus developed from the root, internode, and leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with 2.26 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and subsequently developed into somatic embryos on MS medium containing 4–5% sucrose, 1.74 μM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 4.44 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and 1.90 μM abscisic acid (ABA). Then the mature embryos were separated and transferred onto MS with 3% sucrose and 0.6% agar for further development and conversion to plantlets. In vitro flowering and fruiting were obtained when the subcultures were carried out for over 15 months. Paclobutrazol (PP333) or ethephon (ETH) at low levels promoted flowering significantly. Also, abnormal rootless somatic embryos of S. divaricata could form flowers and fruits in vitro.     

Comparative analysis of callus formation and regeneration on cultured immature maize embryos of the inbred lines A188 and A632

Induction, maintenance, differentiation and embryogenic capacity of callus obtained from immature embryos by culture on induction medium, proliferation medium, maturation medium and regeneration medium, respectively, were compared for two inbred lines of maize, i.e. A188 and A632. The callus of inbred line A188 was embryogenic and maintained embryogenic capacity for at least 1 year. Immature embryos of inbred line A632 formed callus that was not embryogenic. It only produced roots. When sucrose was replaced by sorbitol to induce or improve embryogenesis, again only A188 formed embryogenic callus. Subculture of this callus, however, allowed 4 week intervals in stead of 2 week intervals without loss of embryogenic capacity. When A188 was pollinated with A632 pollen, embryogenic callus was obtained from cultured immature "F₁" embryos, showing that embryogenic capacity was inherited, maternally. The callus did not differ from the embryogenic callus generated on selfed A188 embryos. When A632 was pollinated with A188 pollen, embryogenic callus was obtained too, showing that embryogenic capacity was also inherited paternally, though the embryogenic capacity diminished quickly, and the stability of the callus was lower than in the reciprocal cross. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.