大旗瓣凤仙花的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 大旗瓣风仙花（Impatiens macrovexilla Y．L．Chen）。 2材料类别 茎上侧芽。 3培养条件 增殖培养基：（1）MS＋6-BA1．5mg·L^-1（单位下同）;继代和生根培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA1．0。以上培养基中均加入30g·L^-1蔗糖和5．5g·L^-1琼脂,pH5．8。培养温度（25±3）℃,光照时间12h·d^-1,光照强度40～50gmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

欧洲小叶椴的胚培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称欧洲小叶椴（Tilia cordata Mill．）。 2材料类别成熟胚。 3培养条件（1）／3动培养基：MS＋6-BA2．0mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．1;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6．BA1．0＋NAA0．1;（3）壮苗生根培养基：1／2MS＋IBA1．0＋NAA0．3。以上培养基均加入0．55％琼脂和20g·L^-1。蔗精,pH5．8-6．0。培养温度为（25±2）℃;光照培养时间12h·d^-1,光照强度40．50μmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

蚊子花的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称蚊子花（Lopezia cordata Hornem．）。 2材料类别茎段和顶芽。 3培养条件基本培养基为MS。（1）芽诱导培养基：1／2MS（MS大量元素用量减半）;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA0．2mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．2;（3）生根培养基：I／2MS＋NAA0．5。以上培养基中均加入6g·L^-1琼脂和30g·L^-1蔗糖,pH5．9—6．0。培养室中温度为（24＋1）℃,光照时间为16h·d^-1,光照强度约为60μmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

影响小黑杨花药培养中花粉愈伤组织诱导与不定芽分化的几个生理因素

建立了小黑杨花粉愈伤组织与不定芽诱导体系,观察到：（1）25℃和暗培养条件下花粉愈伤组织的诱导率最高（达到89．2％）;（2）25℃、16h·d^-1。光照（光照强度为35μmol·m^-2·s^-1左右）下培养的不定芽诱导率最高（为72.3％）;（3）花芽于0℃下低温储藏时间延长不利于花粉愈伤组织的诱导,而培养早期诱导出的愈伤组织,其不定芽分化能力高于后期诱导的愈伤组织,分化培养基中添加0.1mg·L^-1苯基噻二唑基脲（TDZ）对不定芽分化有促进作用。     

矾根杂种‘银王子＇的组织培养和快速繁殖

1 植物名称 矾根杂种‘银王子＇（Heuchera hybrid Hort.‘Prince of Silver＇）. 　　2 材料类别 带顶芽和腋芽的幼嫩茎段或叶鞘. 　　3 培养条件 （1）芽诱导培养基：MS＋6-BA 0.5mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋IBA 0.1;（2）生根培养基：1/2MS＋NAA 0.2.芽诱导培养基加入3%蔗糖,生根培养基加入2%蔗糖;以上培养基均加入0.6%琼脂,pH 6.0.培养温度（23±2）℃.光照时间12 h·d^-1,光照强度30 μmol·m^-2·s^-1左右. 　　……[第一段]     

小兴安岭阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林种子雨的时空动态

研究种子散布的时空动态对于揭示群落更新机制和植被斑块分布格局具有重要意义。于2005～2007年在凉水自然保护区的9hm^2阔叶红松林永久样地的中心地带（150m×150m）,设置287～319个种子接收器（面积为0.5m^2,网口位于离地面1m处）,定期收集并鉴定其中的种子。结果表明：（1）乔木树种的种子雨强度在不同的年份间存在差异,由2005年到2007年逐年递减（分别为（864.2±1084.3）粒·m^-2、（300.9±349.4）粒·m^-2和（144.8±195.5）粒·m^-2）。11个树种均表现出了年际间的差异,一些树种如水曲柳、糠椴、白桦、红皮云杉、冷杉在某一年份结实量很小或几乎不结实,而红松受人为干扰较大。（2）种子散布存在明显的季节变化,从5月份到11月份均收集到了各树种的种子,且种子雨在10月达到高峰,11月中旬基本结束,但不同的树种的时间变化形式不同。高峰期,种子雨以完整种子为主;而在这之前的种子雨主要以未成熟种子为主。（3）种子雨的构成在各年份间保持稳定。（4）变异函数分析表明,在不同的年份种子雨空间异质性不同,而空间异质性与种子雨强度呈正相关。     

初夏渤海湾初级生产力分布特征及影响因素

根据2016年初夏在渤海湾周边重要经济开发区外海域所进行的调查和研究数据进行分析,利用稳定同位素¹³C示踪技术估算海域内初级生产力（Primary Productivity,PP）等,同时结合叶绿素a（Chlorophyll-a,Chl a）,营养盐以及透明度等水文环境参数,深入分析和探讨初夏渤海湾环境特征对浮游植物生物量（Chl a）和初级生产力的影响。结果表明：受陆地径流和渤海中部冷流输入等因素的影响,调查海域呈现3个温盐特征差异显著的海区,即近岸高温低盐海区、中部高温高盐海区和湾口低温高盐海区。Chl a受温度和营养盐等因素影响整体呈现近岸高湾口低、表层高底层低的分布特征,含量变化范围为1.27-20.82 mg/m³;在近岸营养盐含量充足,温度适宜,浮游植物生产旺盛,Chl a平均含量达（8.37±2.90）mg/m³,其中表层近27.5%水样中含量超10 mg/m³,存在发生赤潮的风险。而在中部和湾口区域受营养盐限制和温度的影响,Chl a含量远低于近岸。PP整体水平在44.79-792.73 mg C m^-3 d^-1之间,平均为（144.13±137.79）mg C m^-3 d^-1。其中近岸营养盐含量充足浮游植物生长旺盛,初级生产力水平较高,而中部和湾口海域受营养盐和温度的限制,初级生产力水平较低。初级生产力指数I（同化系数）变化范围在0.79-5.90 mg C/（mg Chl a·h）之间,平均为（3.40±1.33）mg C/（mg Chl a·h）。利用标准深度积分模型对水柱初级生产力（Depth-integrated primary productivity,∑PP）进行估算,结果表明其范围在56.88-772.31 mg C m^-2 d^-1之间,平均为（232.26±126.47）mg C m^-2 d^-1,近岸受陆源输入影响Chl a较高,在天津海河口和黄骅市排污河外出现高值点,受透明度的影响,中部和湾口部分站点出现高生产力区。     

美丽异木棉光合相关酶活性季节性变化

对美丽异木棉叶片叶绿素含量与乙醇酸氧化酶（GO）、核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶（RuBPCase）活性的季节变化进行测定。结果表明：叶片Chla、Chlb和Chl（a＋b）含量的峰值均出现在7月;叶片GO活性季节变化为单峰型曲线,8月最（252nmol／mg·min）;RuBPCase活性季节变化为双峰曲线,6月和9月各有一峰值,分别为275nmol／mg·min和248nmol／mg·min,8月出现低谷;叶绿素含量和酶活性受光合有效辐射（PAR）与气温（Tair）的影响较大。     

东海近海浮游多毛类数量分布与环境关系

根据2002--2003年在东海近海28°00′N-32°00′N、122°00′N-123°30′E4个季节的海洋调查,探讨了东海近海浮游多毛类总丰度和种类变化的季节特征以及这些变化与水团的关系、优势种的数量变动和对多毛类的贡献和优势种的环境适应等,并与东海外海多毛类的生态特征做了比较。结果表明：该海域浮游多毛类总丰度具有明显的季节变化;夏季平均丰度最高（1．30ind·m^-3）,分布范围最广,春季平均丰度最低（0．04ind·m^-3）;调查共发现15种浮游多毛类,盲蚕（Typhloscolex muelleri）、明蚕（Vanadis sp．）和泳蚕（Plotohelmis capitata）是优势种,其中盲蚕是四季的优势种,夏季和冬季的优势度较高分别为0．16和0．1,明蚕仅是夏季的优势种,泳蚕仅是秋季的优势种;盲蚕在春、冬季贡献率较高,分别为1和0．94,占绝对优势,更适应暖水广盐的环境;东海近海浮游多毛类具有种类数变化大,种类组成多样的特点;不同季节数量变化较大,平面分布格局各不相同。     

东南景天的组织培养和快速繁殖

1 植物名称 东南景天（Sedum alfredii Hance）. 　　2 材料类别 幼嫩叶片. 　　3 培养条件 基本培养基为MS.（1）愈伤组织诱导培养基：MS＋6-BA 0.1 mg·L-1（单位下同）＋2,4-D1.0～3.0;（2）愈伤组织继代培养基：MS＋6-BA 0.1＋2,4-D 1.0＋VC 2.0＋1.0 g·L^-1活性炭;（3）分化培养基：MS＋6-BA 2.0＋2,4-D 1.0＋AgNO4 2.0;（4）壮苗培养基：MS＋6-BA 0.1＋GA3 2.0;（5）生根培养基：1/3MS＋NAA 1.0.以上培养基中均加入12g·L^-1琼脂、30 g·L^-1蔗糖,pH 5.6～5.8,在智能型光照培养箱（MGC-300B型,上海一恒科技有限公司）内培养.光照时间16 h·d^-1,光照强度为40～60 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,培养温度为（25±1）℃.[第一段]     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.