家兔肠系膜上动脉闭塞性休克前后的血清比较蛋白质组学初步研究

目的：探讨家兔肠系膜上动脉闭塞性（SMAO）休克前后血清蛋白质组学变化及其在SMAO休克发生中的作用。方法：应用家兔肠系膜上动脉夹闭法复制家兔SMAO休克模型,在此基础上通过双向电泳分离家兔SMAO休克前后血清中的蛋白,找出凝胶上的差异蛋白点,用基质辅助激光解吸/电离串联飞行时间质谱技术进行鉴定,并通过生物信息学对差异蛋白的功能进行分析。结果：在家兔SMAO休克前后血清双向电泳图谱中发现19个差异蛋白点,其中11个蛋白质点在SMAO休克后血清中表达明显上调;8个蛋白质点在SMAO休克后血清中表达明显下调。从中选取4个差异最明显的点经基质辅助激光解吸/电离串联飞行和数据库搜索共鉴定出符合条件的2个差异蛋白点,为对氧磷酶和触珠蛋白,均在SMAO休克后血清中含量增高。结论：家兔SMAO休克前后血清蛋白质组会发生明显变化,对氧磷酶和触珠蛋白可能参与了SMAO休克后机体的代偿调节。     

硫酸锌对肠系膜上动脉闭塞性休克后肺损伤的治疗作用

目的：探讨硫酸锌对肠系膜上动脉闭塞性（SMAO）休克后肺损伤的治疗作用及其机制。方法：行腹部手术分离出肠系膜上动脉并夹闭,2h后松夹,复制家兔SMAO休克模型。检测给与硫酸锌后SMAO休克家兔血浆及红细胞膜丙二醛（MDA）、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、血浆黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）含量;同时检测肺组织MDA、SOD和肺表面活性物质（PS）的含量,并观察小肠和肺的病理改变。结果：硫酸锌可使MDA及XOD含量降低,且可防止SOD和PS减少,避免了SMAO休克后肺损伤的进行性加剧。结论：SMAO休克并发急性肺损伤与组织氧化过程代谢紊乱有关,硫酸锌通过其稳膜作用能减轻或在一定程度上防止休克后肺损伤的发生和发展。     

肠淋巴再灌注加重肠系膜上动脉闭塞性休克大鼠肺部炎症反应

目的:研究肠系膜淋巴再灌注对肠系膜上动脉闭塞性(SMAO)休克大鼠肺部炎症反应的影响。方法:24只Wistar雄性大鼠均分为4组:SMAO组,MLR组,SMAO+MLR组,SHAM组。再灌注2h后,迅速留取肺组织,一部分制备组织匀浆,检测细胞间粘附分子(ICAM-1)和晚期糖基化产物受体(RAGE)。再另外选取固定位置肺部组织放入中性甲醛中固定,用于测定肺内HMGB1、RAGE的表达。结果:SMAO与SMAO+MLR组肺部组织匀浆ICAM-1、RAGE含量显著高于MLR与SHAM组,且SMAO+MLR组肺组织匀浆的ICAM-1、RAGE含量高于SMAO组。肺部组织内HMGB1和RAGE在MLR组与SHAM组基本不表达,或少量表达,MLR加重了SMAO休克模型中HMGB1和RAGE的表达。结论:MLR加重SMAO休克大鼠肺部炎症反应,进一步证实肠淋巴途径在SMAO休克发病学中具有重要作用,同时证实HMGB1及RAGE在SMAO休克大鼠的炎症失常反应中起重要作用。     

双向电泳-质谱技术寻找维吾尔族高尿酸血症差异蛋白

目的:寻找维吾尔族高尿酸血症血清差异蛋白,从而为进一步探索其发病机制奠定基础.方法:运用双向凝胶电泳(2-dimentional gel electrophoresis,2-DE)和基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spetrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)对维吾尔族高尿酸血症人群和对照组人群血清进行差异蛋白质研究.结果:差异表达蛋白质点数为11个,质谱成功鉴定出4个差异蛋白质,分别是补体C3、触珠蛋白、补体C4和载脂蛋白A1,均呈上调表达.结论:初步发现补体C3、触珠蛋白、补体C4、载脂蛋白L1在维吾尔族高尿酸血症组明显高于正常对照组人群(P＜0.05),但结果有待运用其他生物学的方法进行验证并探索其机制.     

肠淋巴再灌注加重肠系膜上动脉闭塞性休克大鼠肺部炎症反应

目的：研究肠系膜淋巴再灌注对肠系膜上动脉闭塞,Ig（SMAO）休克大鼠肺部炎症反应的影响。方法：24只Wistar雄性大鼠均分为4组：SMAO组,MLR组,SMAO＋MLR组,SHAM组。再灌注2h后,迅速留取肺组织,一部分制备组织匀浆,检测细胞间粘附分子（ICAM-1）和晚期糖基化产物受体（RAGE）。再另外选取固定位置肺部组织放入中性甲醛中固定,用于测定肺内HMGB1、RAGE的表达。结果-SMAO与SMAO＋MLR组肺部组织匀浆ICAM-1、RAGE含量显著高于MLR与SHAM组．且SMAO＋MLR组肺组织匀浆的ICAM-1、RAGE含量高于SMAO组。肺部组织内HMGB1和RAGE在MLR组与SHAM组基本不表达,或少量表达,MLR加重了SMAO休克模型中HMOB1和RAGE的表达。结论：MLR加重SMAO休克大鼠肺部炎症反应．进一步证实肠淋巴途径在SMAO休克发病学中具有重要作用,同时证实HMGB1及RAGE在SMAO休克大鼠的炎症失常反应中起重要作用。     

双向电泳-质谱技术筛选肝癌血清标记物

采用双向电泳 - 质谱技术筛选肝癌特异的血清蛋白标记物,以利于肝癌的早期诊断和治疗 . 肝癌、肝炎和正常三组各 20 例血清先采用超声、高丰度蛋白去除、脱盐预处理以优化双向电泳,图像分析三组血清图谱寻找差异点,基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱对差异点进行鉴定 . 结果显示,通过样品预处理,血清上样体积平均增加 3 ～ 4 倍,参考胶点数由 218 个增至 332 个,白蛋白和免疫球蛋白明显减弱,水平条带明显减少 . 图谱比较所得 37 个差异点,经鉴定为 7 种蛋白 . 与正常组比较,转铁蛋白、甲状腺素运载蛋白在肝炎和肝癌组低表达,α-1 抗胰蛋白酶、凝聚素、铜蓝蛋白、触珠蛋白在肝炎和肝癌组均高表达 . α-1 抗胰蛋白酶在肝癌组较肝炎组高表达,而热休克蛋白 27 只在肝癌组表达 . 上述结果提示,双向电泳-质谱技术可发现肝癌发生发展过程中血清蛋白表达谱质或量的变化,从而为肝癌的早期诊断及治疗奠定基础 .     

内毒素移位在肠淋巴再灌注加剧SMAO休克大鼠多器官损伤中的作用

目的:探讨肠源性内毒素移位在肠淋巴再灌注(MLR)加剧肠系膜上动脉闭塞性(SMAO)休克多器官损伤中的作用与机制。方法:24只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组(n=6):假手术组(Sham,仅麻醉与手术)、MLR组(夹闭肠系膜淋巴管1 h,再灌注2 h)、SMAO组(夹闭肠系膜上动脉1 h,再灌注2 h)和SMAO+MLR组(同时夹闭肠系膜淋巴管和肠系膜上动脉1 h,再灌注2 h)。再灌注2 h后,腹主动脉取血,制备血浆;留取固定位置的肝、肾、心肌、肺组织,制备组织匀浆。应用鲎试剂动态浊度法检测血浆以及各组织匀浆内毒素(ET)含量;应用酶联免疫方法检测各器官组织匀浆脂多糖结合蛋白(LBP)、脂多糖受体(CD14)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平。结果:Sham组和MLR组各指标均无统计学差异;SMAO组及SMAO+MLR组的血浆、肝、肾、心肌、肺组织匀浆的ET含量均显著高于Sham组和MLR组,且SMAO+MLR组血浆及各组织匀浆的ET水平均显著高于SMAO组;SMAO组及SMAO+MLR组肝、肾、心肌、肺组织匀浆CD14、LBP和TNF-α水平显著高于Sham组及MLR组,且SMAO+MLR组各指标均高于SMAO组。结论:MLR加剧SMAO休克多器官损伤的作用机制与ET经过肠淋巴途径移位、激活内毒素增敏系统LBP/CD14、促进炎症反应有关。     

成年牦牛与双性牦牛睾丸蛋白质双向电泳的比较研究

为了比较牦牛和双性牦牛睾丸组织中蛋白质的差异表达,以探索双性牦牛生殖障碍的机理。提取牦牛睾丸(n=4)和1头双性牦牛睾丸总蛋白质,采用双向电泳分离后,对差异表达蛋白质点进行质谱鉴定。实验获得了分辨率高、重复性好的牦牛与双性牦牛睾丸组织蛋白质的双向电泳图谱,2倍及以上差异表达的蛋白质24个,其中22个蛋白质经质谱分析和数据库搜索后得到鉴定。有6种蛋白质属于分子伴侣,在双性牦牛睾丸组织中表达量显著下降,推测与双性牦牛精子发生障碍有关。     

异烟肼耐药结核分枝杆菌感染人源巨噬细胞的蛋白质组学研究

利用双向电泳技术,对人源巨噬细胞U937感染异烟肼耐药结核分枝杆菌前后的全细胞蛋白表达图谱进行差异比较和分析,发现其中产生差异的有32个蛋白质斑点,利用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱技术,对其中5个表达明显上调的蛋白质斑点进行分析鉴定,获得5个明确的肽质量指纹图谱,通过在数据库中进行检索分析,确定这5个蛋白质分别为热休克蛋白105_β、凋亡抑制蛋白-1、磷酸甘油酸变位酶1、组织蛋白酶B、桥粒胶蛋白3.上述发现有助于了解耐药结核分枝杆菌入侵早期导致的巨噬细胞蛋白质组表达变化,为深入研究耐药结核分枝杆菌-宿主相互作用提供了探索方向.     

高效絮凝菌A9在不同碳源培养条件下差异表达蛋白鉴定及分析

研究了高效絮凝菌A9在普通培养基、葡萄糖培养基和甘露糖培养基的培养条件下蛋白质组表达的差异。从这3种不同培养基培养的菌体中提取蛋白,进行蛋白质双向电泳,胶图分析后选取差异蛋白进行质谱鉴定。胶图分析结果表明:絮凝菌A9在不同碳源培养条件下蛋白质表达有较大差异。通过质谱分析,共有54个蛋白得到成功鉴定,包括二氢硫辛酸脱氢酶、磷酸丙糖异构酶、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶、磷酸甘油酸激酶、顺乌头酸酶、磷酸酰基转移酶、肽基脯氨酸顺反异构酶、延伸因子G等。这些差异蛋白的功能主要与能量代谢、糖类合成和代谢、脂类运输和代谢、蛋白翻译后修饰以及核糖体结构和生成有关。本文从蛋白水平阐明了絮凝菌A9在不同碳源培养条件下部分蛋白表达差异,为优化菌株絮凝剂培养条件提供了依据。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).