共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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采集于新疆的“中国美味蘑菇”是一种个体巨大的野生蘑菇,迄今未有人工栽培报道。本文已成功对其进行驯化栽培并完成了它的生物学特性研究,可为今后商业化栽培提供科学依据。结果表明,中国美味蘑菇菌丝生长的最佳碳源是葡萄糖,最佳氮源是大豆蛋白胨;菌丝生长最适温度是25℃,最适pH值为6。该种蘑菇可利用稻草、麦杆、芦苇等基质进行栽培;它还有一重要的特点就是出菇可不需覆土,而覆土为一般栽培的蘑菇属种类生产中的必须环节。初步驯化表明,该种蘑菇以芦苇为基质比以稻草为基质的生物学效率高15.01%。 相似文献
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银耳‘绣银1号’由福建省安溪县采集的野生银耳(TWW01-AX)经多次分离纯化和反复驯化系统选育而成。适合袋栽、瓶栽和段木栽培,银耳菌丝白色或淡黄色,具有锁状联合,子实体由多片波浪状卷曲的耳片组成绣球状或菊花状,耳片边缘呈锯齿状,不规则;新鲜银耳呈淡黄色、半透明。栽培周期约为43 d,鲜耳平均直径13.4 cm,厚度7.0 cm,干耳平均产量81.9 g/袋,相比于主栽品种,总糖含量高,耳心硬度部分小,子实体隆起度高,适应性广,稳定性强,有良好的生产应用价值。 相似文献
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为研究集约化设施栽培对土壤真菌群落结构和功能的影响,本研究选取宁夏设施蔬菜集约种植区采集设施栽培土壤和临近的露天大田土壤,以露天大田土壤为对照。采用Illumina高通量测序结合FUNGuild工具,分析设施土壤与大田土壤真菌群落结构、多样性、功能类群及其主要影响因素的差异。结果表明:(1)设施栽培导致了土壤真菌群落α多样性的降低,与大田土壤相比,设施土壤Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon多样性指数、平均最近分类单元距离和平均成对距离分别显著降低了20.54%、21.92%、29.82%和16.35%;(2)设施栽培显著改变了土壤真菌群落组成与结构,且该变化具有地区化差异,设施土壤中赤霉菌属(Gibberella)、鬼伞属(Coprinellus)等真菌属相对丰度显著降低,闭小囊菌属(Kernia)、腐质霉属(Humicola)、小囊菌属(Microascus)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和新赤壳属(Neocosmospora)等真菌属相对丰度显著增加;(3)设施栽培降低了土壤真菌网络的复杂性和稳定性。与大田土壤相比,设施土壤真菌共现网络节点数、边数、直径、平均度、平均路径长度、聚类系数和模块化程度分别降低了30.20%、79.68%、45.57%、70.89%、37.26%、47.43%和10.00%,鲁棒性降低43.75%,最大易损度增加72.51%;(4)设施栽培显著改变了土壤真菌功能类群的组成与结构,病理营养型、共生营养型、病理-腐生营养型真菌和丛枝菌根真菌相关功能类群在设施土壤中相对丰度显著降低,病理-腐生-共生营养型真菌和植物病原真菌相关功能类群在设施土壤中显著富集;(5)设施栽培改变了影响土壤真菌群落多样性的关键环境因子,年均温是设施土壤真菌群落多样性最重要的影响因素,硝态氮是大田土壤真群落多样性最重要的影响因素。本研究结果有助于深入了解高强度人为干扰下的设施栽培对土壤真菌群落结构和功能的影响,为设施土壤可持续利用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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为了明确辣木幼苗速生期氮素需求规律,在北方设施条件下,通过设置5个氮素水平处理,研究施氮对辣木幼苗株高、地径生长及其叶片N、P、K养分含量、色素含量及光合特性等方面的变化特征。结果显示,随着氮素水平增加,辣木株高、地径、叶片N、P、chla、类胡萝卜素、总色素含量及光量子效率(Q)呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,光补偿点(Lcp)呈先下降后上升趋势;株高生长与叶片P及chla显著相关,地径与暗呼吸速率(RD)及叶片K含量显著相关;当氮素水平在30 g·株-1(N3)时,辣木生长速度最快,植株养分状况较好、光能利用率最佳。 相似文献
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通过盆栽试验,研究了菇床废料对缓解设施栽培土壤次生盐渍化及小白菜盐胁迫的影响.结果表明:盐渍化土壤添加菇床废料(0~30 g·kg-1)栽培60 d后,土壤pH趋于中性,有机质和有效磷含量显著提高,水溶性盐总量的增加幅度小于不加菇床废料的对照土壤;当菇床废料添加量为10 g·kg-1时,土壤盐分增加幅度最小,说明适量添加菇床废料可以减少设施栽培土壤的盐分积累.加入菇床废料后,小白菜的种子发芽率、株高、鲜质量、叶绿素SPAD值和维生素C含量均有所提高,脯氨酸含量显著下降,说明菇床废料能改善小白菜生长环境,有效缓解盐胁迫对小白菜的危害. 相似文献
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Wangsa T. Ismaya Henriëtte J. Rozeboom Marloes Schurink Carmen G. Boeriu Harry Wichers Bauke W. Dijkstra 《Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology Communications》2011,67(5):575-578
Tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine quinone, which is the main precursor for the biosynthesis of melanin. The enzyme from Agaricus bisporus, the common button mushroom, was purified and crystallized in two different space groups. Crystals belonging to space group P21 (unit‐cell parameters a = 104.2, b = 105.0, c = 119.1 Å, β = 110.6°, four molecules per asymmetric unit) diffracted to 3.0 Å resolution. Crystals belonging to space group P21212 (unit‐cell parameters a = 104.0, b = 104.5, c = 108.4 Å, two molecules per asymmetric unit) diffracted to 2.6 Å resolution. It was essential to include 5 mM HoCl3 in all crystallization conditions in order to obtain well diffracting crystals. 相似文献
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应用RAPD方法分析双孢蘑菇(Agaricusbisporus)及大肥菇(Agaricusbitorquis)的种内及种间多态性,进一步证实由于双孢蘑菇的遗传保守性,多数孢子为自体可育的异核孢子,从而导致种内相似性很高;而依赖天然杂交具四孢特性的大肥菇种内相似程度较低。研究还分析评价了蘑菇属中的这两个不同种之间的亲缘关系,为种间杂交选材提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Bacterial diversity in spent mushroom compost assessed by amplified rDNA restriction analysis and sequencing of cultivated isolates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ntougias S Zervakis GI Kavroulakis N Ehaliotis C Papadopoulou KK 《Systematic and applied microbiology》2004,27(6):746-754
Spent mushroom compost (SMC) is the residual by-product of commercial Agaricus spp. cultivation, and it is mainly composed of a thermally treated cereal straw/animal manure mixture colonized by the fungal biomass. Research on the valorization of this material is mainly focusing on its use as soil conditioner and plant fertilizer. An investigation of the bacterial diversity in SMC was performed using molecular techniques in order to reveal the origin of SMC microflora and its potential effect on soil microbial communities after incorporation into agricultural soils. The bacterial population was estimated by the plate count method to a mean of 2.7 109 colony forming units (cfu) per g of dry weight, while the numbers of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were 1.9 109 and 4.9 108 cfu per g dw respectively as estimated by enumeration on semi-selective media. Fifty bacterial isolates were classified into 14 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) following ARDRA-PCR of the 16S rDNA gene. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA amplicon assigned 12 of the 14 OTUs to Gram-positive bacteria, associated with the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Exiguobacterium, Staphylococcus, Desemzia, Carnobacterium, Brevibacterium, Arthrobacter and Microbacterium of the bacterial divisions Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Two bacterial groups have phylogenetic links with the genera Comamonas and Sphingobacterium, which belong to β-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes respectively. Two potentially novel bacteria are reported, which are associated with the genera Bacillus and Microbacterium. Most of the bacteria identified are of environmental origin, while strains related to species usually isolated from insects, animal and clinical sources were also detected. It appears that bacterial diversity in SMC is greatly affected by the origin of the initial material, its thermal pasteurization treatment and the potential unintended colonization of the mushroom substrate during the cultivation process. 相似文献