满江红和蕨状满江红的耐热性及耐寒性与固氮的关系

红萍是一种优良的稻田绿肥和农家饲料,在我国及越南养殖和利用红萍有着悠久的历史。生产实践中观察到,在我国南方地区,蕨状满江红冬春繁殖快,产量高,但进入五月中旬以后生长锐减,不耐热,在晚稻田难以利用。施定基等啪曾观察到,在室外水池中养殖,如果覆盖一层塑料薄膜和一层厚草帘,蕨状满江红能越冬,但满江红则被冻死。利卓燊等把蕨状满江红和满江红放在-5℃下处理96小时,满江红的芽全部死亡,而蕨状满江红的芽能存活96.8％。由此可见,蕨状满江红的耐热性较满江红低,但有较强耐寒性。有关这两种红萍耐热性、耐寒性与固氮、放氢的关系及抗性机理的报道尚少。本文比较了满江红和     

满江红(Azolla)光合作用特性的研究

用QGD-07型红外线CO_2分析器测定了在不同生长条件下的满江红(Azolla imbricata)的光合作用特性,并与蕨状满江红(Azolla filiculoides)作了某些比较。 光合作用的光强曲线随季节而有变化。A.imbricata在春季时的光饱和点在6,000米烛光左右,夏季时上升为8,000米烛光左右;而A.filiculoides从春季时的6,000米烛光提高到夏季时的14,000米烛光。光补偿点仅在500～1000米烛光范围内稍有变化。在不同颜色的塑料薄膜复盖下,与无色膜复盖相比,紫色膜明显地促进了A.imbricata的光合作用,而黄色膜和绿色膜下稍有下降。满江红光合作用的最适温度在25～32℃,在5～45℃内都可测得净光合速率,变红植株的最适温度可扩大到18～32℃。最适pH为6.0,在pH 4.5～10.5范围内都能生长;变红植株的最适pH为5.5。加入适量的HCO_3~-对同化CO_2稍有抑制,不久后能促进同化CO_2,缩短植株加倍时间。NO_3~-对生长不良的植株能促进光合作用,但对健壮植株的效果不明显。     

温度对三种满江红光合及固氮活性的影响

本文报道满江红(Azolla imbricata)、卡洲满江红(A. caroliniana)和蕨状满江红(A. filiculoides)的光合与固氮(乙炔还原)活性对温度的反应差异。根区培养液温度在7—40℃范围内满江红与卡洲满江红的光合活性在30℃达到峰值,高于或低于30℃均急剧下降。而蕨状满江红在7—25℃的根区温度范围内光合活性差异不大,高于25℃则下降(图2)。0℃24小时或40℃2小时暗预处理对三种满江红光合活性与乙炔还原活性表现出不同影响(图3,4)。本文报道的方法可用于满江红生理生态参量的比较研究。     

温度对三种满江红光合及固氮活性的影响

本文报道满江红(Azolla imbricata)、卡洲满江红(A.caroliniana)和蕨状满江红(A.filiculoides)的光合与固氮(乙炔还原)活性对温度的反应差异。根区培养液温度在7—40℃范围内满江红与卡洲满江红的光合活性在30℃达到峰值,高于或低于30℃均急剧下降。而蕨状满江红在7—25℃的根区温度范围内光合活性差异不大,高于25℃则下降(图2)。0℃24小时或40℃2小时暗预处理对三种满江红光合活性与乙炔还原活性表现出不同影响(图3,4)。本文报道的方法可用于满江红生理生态参量的比较研究。     

蕨状满江红(Azolla filiculoides)孢子果快速育苗最适生理条件的探讨

近年来,对蕨状满江红的有性繁殖及其在生产上应用技术的研究,正在全国范围内尤其是南方各省蓬勃开展。关于满江红的结孢习性、产孢条件以及采孢技术等已有较多的报道,而对于由孢子果萌发所成之苗的快速繁殖措施,则尚待探讨。本文报道移苗时间、环境营养、光照强度和溶液pH对幼苗快速生长的影响。     

4种理化因子对菌株XH1硝化效果的影响

【背景】基于硝化菌群的富集培养技术可高效稳定地去除养殖水体中的有害氮素,而当前在水产养殖领域有关硝化菌群定向培育及硝化功能菌株的研究较少。【目的】研究不同盐度、pH、温度、通气量条件下硝化菌群分离菌株XH1的生长及其对氨氮和亚硝氮的去除效果。【方法】设置不同梯度的盐度、pH、温度、通气量条件,通过计数菌量、测定氨氮及亚硝氮的浓度变化,比较不同条件下菌株XH1的生长及其对氨氮和亚硝氮的影响。【结果】菌株XH1可在盐度5‰-35‰、pH 6.0-9.0、温度15-45°C和通气量0.5-1 V/(V·min)的条件下生长良好,菌量最高可达2.34×109cells/mL;在盐度5‰-35‰、pH 6.0-9.0、温度15-30°C、通气量0.5 V/(V·min)的条件下,对氨氮的去除效果显著(P0.05),在第1-3天对培养液中氨氮的最高去除率可达86%-97%,但培养液中的氨氮浓度先降后升;对亚硝氮的最高去除率达68%。【结论】菌株XH1对盐度、pH、温度等主要环境因子具有良好的适应性,其对水体氨氮的去除效果良好,可作为中低盐度养殖池塘水体氨氮防控菌剂产品研发的备选菌株。     

槲蕨对附生生活的适应

槲蕨(Drynaria fortunei)隶属槲蕨科,槲蕨属。在广东、海南、广西、云南、贵州、四川、湖南、湖北、福建、江西、浙江和台湾均有分布,是一种形态优雅的附生观赏蕨类。多附着于乔木树干或岩石上,生长繁茂时常交错盘缠形成大片群落,有时因人为因素脱落地面亦能生存,但多生长不良。槲蕨对附生生活的适应,是它在长期进化过程中,保留了诸多在形态和生理上的适应性状。     

源自不同寄主的灰葡萄孢生物学特性的比较研究

本研究以分离自番茄、辣椒、草莓、葡萄的灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea为供试菌株,从生长温度、pH适应性、碳源、氮源营养利用等方面对不同寄主来源的灰葡萄孢菌株的生物学性状进行了比较研究。结果表明,5个不同寄主来源的灰葡萄孢菌株的菌丝生长温度范围相同,均为0-35℃;但它们的最适生长温度和分生孢子致死温度存在差异,来自和县番茄菌株HX12最适生长温度为20℃,分生孢子致死温度为47℃ 10min,其余最适生长温度均为25℃,分生孢子致死温度均为48℃ 10min;不同菌株在相同温度下的生长速率有显著差异。pH对不同寄主来源灰葡萄孢菌株菌丝生长的影响存在差异,来自长丰辣椒的菌株LJ菌丝在pH2-9的范围内均能生长,以在pH3-6.5时生长较快,pH6时最快;其余4个菌株在pH2-12的范围内均能生长,以在pH3-9时生长较快,pH6左右最快。不同碳源、氮源营养对灰葡萄孢菌株菌丝生长和分生孢子产生均有显著影响,不同寄主来源的菌株间在碳源、氮源营养利用差异均极显著。在相同碳源、氮源营养条件下,不同寄主来源的菌株的线性生长、菌丝干重和分生孢子产量均有显著差异。     

一株反硝化光合细菌的生物学特性及系统发育分析

【目的】养殖水体中亚硝酸盐的过量积累会对养殖生物产生毒害作用,应用脱氮细菌去除亚硝酸盐是养殖水质调控的重要手段之一,本文意在得到一株高效去除亚硝酸盐的光合细菌。【方法】采用软琼脂稀释法分离纯化光合细菌菌株,通过电镜观察、生理生化试验研究其生物学特性、依据16S rDNA和光合反应中心M亚基基因(Gene coding for photosynthetic reaction center subunit M,pufM)序列对其做系统发育分析。【结果】从淡水养殖塘中分离筛选到一株高效还原亚硝氮的光合细菌菌株wps。该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,细胞杆状,大小为0.4-0.6μm×1.5-4.0μm,极生丛生鞭毛,片层状光合内膜,兼性厌氧光照条件生长,单菌落及液体培养物呈红色,含细菌叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素。最适生长pH范围为5.5-8.5,最适生长盐度范围为0-2%,最适生长温度范围为25℃-38℃。菌株wps与Rhodopseudomonas palustris的16S rDNA序列相似性为98.9%,光合反应中心M亚基基因序列的相似性为94.9%,但是二者在生物学性质上有较大差异,如菌株wps在pH5.5生长,不能光自养生长,不利用柠檬酸盐、甲酸盐进行光异养生长,需盐酸硫胺素和泛酸钙做生长因子等。【结论】菌株wps可能为Rhodopseudomonas属的一个新种,且在养殖水体水质调控中具有重要应用前景。     

短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)对鲤鱼养殖水质及其生长特性的影响

试验共设单因素4 水平, 分别对应水体中含0 mL、20 mL、60 mL、100 mL4 种体积短短芽孢杆菌的试验组。通过测定养殖水体COD、NH4+-N、DO、pH 等指标, 鲤鱼生长性能及消化酶活性等指标, 研究短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)对鲤鱼养殖水体水质及鲤鱼生长特性的影响。结果显示, 短短芽孢杆菌能有效降低养殖水体中COD 和NH4 +-N 浓度(P<0.05), 维持DO 在较高水平(P<0.05), 保持pH 稳定, 改善养殖水质。试验组中鲤鱼的肥满度、增重率及特定生长率与对照组相比均显著提高(P<0.05), 鲤鱼肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶和肝胰脏淀粉酶活性与对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05)。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.