超声检测左心室舒张功能的临床意义——85例超声检测结果与冠状动脉造影的对照分析

目的超声心动图检测左心室舒张功能与冠状动脉造影对照分析,探讨超声诊断的临床意义。方法85例临床疑诊冠心病超声检查左心室二尖瓣口舒张早、晚期血流充盈速度E、A两峰峰值,计算E/A比值,其结果分为舒张功能正常和降低两组。全部病人均与冠状动脉造影结果对照分析。结果超声检测左心室舒张功能与冠脉造影均正常24例,均异常53例,共77例,符合率90.59%,不符合8例,占9.41%;本文依据冠脉造影提出超声检测左心室舒张功能正常值;并发现冠心病早期舒张功能降低,且随年龄与病程长短不同。结论超声检测左心室舒张功能的改变与冠脉造影符合率高,舒张功能于冠心病早期可降低,随病程长短不同,为临床对冠心病诊治和预防提供有价值的信息。     

冠心病患者CTA影像学特征与血浆前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶9及血清可溶性ST2的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探究冠心病患者螺旋CT冠状动脉血管造影（CTA）影像学特征与血浆前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶9（proprotein convrtase subtilisin/kexin 9,PCSK-9）以及血清可溶性ST2的相关性。方法：选择2015年8月到2020年8月我院接受治疗的90例冠心病患者为实验组,另选取同期于我院接受治疗的50例非冠心病患者为对照组,首先对比两组患者PCSK-9以及可溶性ST2水平,而后将实验组患者按照CTA检测结果区分为无冠脉狭窄组（13例）、轻度冠脉狭窄组（31例）、中度冠脉狭窄组（29例）以及重度冠脉狭窄组（17例）,对比四组冠心病患者PCSK-9以及可溶性ST2水平,探究冠心病患者不同冠脉狭窄程度相关因素。结果：（1）实验组患者PCSK-9以及可溶性ST2水平均明显高于对照组患者,组间差异明显（P<0.05）;（2）随着冠脉狭窄程度的升高,冠心病患者的PCSK-9以及可溶性ST2水平也呈现明显升高趋势,4组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;（3）单因素分析显示高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、PCSK-9>335 ng/mL、可溶性ST2>35 ng/mL是冠状动脉狭窄的危险因素;（4）多因素Logistic分析显示PCSK-9、可溶性ST2水平均与冠状动脉狭窄相关（P<0.05）。结论：PCSK-9以及可溶性ST2水平与冠心病患者CTA影响学特征具有一定的相关性,上述因子水平越高,冠心病患者冠脉狭窄程度越严重。     

lp-PLA2、RBP与冠心病病变程度相关性及其疾病诱发的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：研究脂蛋白磷脂酶A2（lp-PLA2）、视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）与冠心病（CAD）病变程度的相关性及冠心病病变发生的危险因素。方法：以2019年12月至2021年12月在本院诊治的冠心病患者140例作为研究对象,所有患者均进行冠状动脉造影检查,并根据冠状动脉侧支循环形成情况进行分级。所有患者都给予血清lp-PLA2、RBP检测并进行相关性、危险因素分析。结果：在140例患者中,冠状动脉侧支循环未形成40例（对照组）,冠状动脉侧支循环形成100例（研究组）,研究组中Ⅰ级40例,Ⅱ级38例,Ⅲ级22例。研究组的血清lp-PLA2、RBP含量都高于对照组（P<0.05）;不同分级患者的血清lp-PLA2、RBP含量对比也有明显差异（P<0.05）。在冠心病患者中,Spearsman相关分析显示血清lp-PLA2、RBP含量与侧支循环形成分级存在正相关性（P<0.05）。logistic回归分析显示血清lp-PLA2、RBP含量均为影响冠心病患者侧支循环形成分级的危险因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示血清lp-PLA2、RBP含量预测冠心病患者侧支循环分级的曲线下面积为0.891、0.805。结论：随着冠状动脉侧支循环形成,冠心病患者的血清lp-PLA2、RBP含量明显增加,lp-PLA2、RBP与侧支循环形成分级存在相关性,也是影响侧支循环分级的危险因素,也可预测侧支循环分级状况。     

冠状动脉CTA结合动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图诊断冠状动脉硬化性心脏病的价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨冠状动脉CTA结合动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图对冠状动脉硬化性心脏病（冠心病）的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析2022年1月-2023年2月在我院疑似冠心病的患者104例,所有患者均行冠状动脉造影、冠状动脉CTA、动态心电图及临床相关实验室检查。以冠状动脉造影结果作为诊断冠心病的金标准,分析比较冠状动脉CTA、动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图及两者联合诊断冠心病的诊断效能和一致性。结果：104例疑似冠心病的患者确诊93例（89.42%）。冠状动脉CTA诊断冠心病的敏感性为90.32%,特异性为72.73%,阳性预测值为96.55%,阴性预测值为47.06%,准确率为88.46%,与冠状动脉造影的Kappa值为0.813,一致性好。动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图诊断冠心病的敏感性为84.95%,特异性为63.64%,阳性预测值为95.18%,阴性预测值为33.33%,准确率为82.69%,与冠状动脉造影的Kappa值为0.724,一致性较好。有夜间ST段动态改变的冠心病检出率（84.95%,79/93）明显高于无夜间ST段动态改变的冠心病检出率（15.05%,14/93）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。冠状动脉CTA结合动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图诊断冠心病的敏感性为96.77%,特异性为90.91%,阳性预测值为98.90%,阴性预测值为76.92%,准确率为96.15%,与冠状动脉造影的Kappa值为0.923,一致性好。结论：冠状动脉CTA结合动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图诊断冠心病的临床价值优于冠状动脉CTA或动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图单独检查。     

ZUNG 抑郁量表在冠心病诊断中的作用

目的：研究ZUNG量表在冠心病中的诊断作用。方法：对临床上所有怀疑冠心病的患者并行冠状动脉造影检查,术前给予ZUNG量表进行评价,同时对40健康人进行ZUNG量表评价,所有住院患者同时进行ECG,HOLTER检查及病史方面评价。结果：①在无高危因素和ECG客观检查正常的患者中ZUNG量表积分明显增高,且抑郁症的检出率高于其他各组,而冠心病检出率却低于除健康对照组的其他各组。②相关性分析：ZUNG量表积分与冠脉病变积分无相关关系。冠心病的患者中抑郁的检出率高于非冠心病组。存在高危因素的患者的抑郁检出率高于健康对照组。结论：ZUNG量表在冠心病的鉴别诊断,尤其排除抑郁导致胸痛,是一项比较有意义的检查手段。     

冠状动脉狭窄与V1导联P波终末电势的多因素分析的初步临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄与V1导联P波终末电势的关系。方法：纳入2022年于我院心内科住院的冠心病患者中221例,通过计算得出每个病例的V1导联P波终末电势PtfV1,PtfV1≤-0.04 mm?ms为PtfV1（+）组共64例;PtfV1＞-0.04 mm?ms为PtfV1（-）组共157例。记录每组患者性别、年龄、冠状动脉狭窄情况、吸烟、糖尿病、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白等基本信息。将患者基本临床信息先进行单因素logistic分析探索PtfV1（+）的危险因素,得出有意义的变量,后再将有意义的变量进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果：单因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示,使PtfV1（+）发生的危险因素包括重度冠状动脉狭窄、吸烟、年龄（均P＜0.05）;多因素 Logistic 回归分析在校正了混杂因素后结果显示,重度冠状动脉狭窄、吸烟、年龄为PtfV1（+）发生的独立危险因素（均P＜0.05）。结论：冠状动脉狭窄与V1导联P波终末电势存在相关性。     

冠心病患者运动致QRS延长的临床意义

为探讨冠心病病人由于急性心肌缺血对ＱＲＳ持续时间变化的影响及其意义。本文收集了５３例病人,均进行运动试验和冠脉造影,其中２０例经冠脉造影排除心病,其他３３例经冠脉造影确定为冠心病。结果运动使冠脉正常者ＱＲＳ持续时间缩短,而使冠心病者ＱＲＳ持续时间延长。     

三维斑点追踪技术联合左心腔声学造影评价CABG后左心室扭动

摘要 目的：应用三维斑点追踪技术联合左心腔声学造影评价冠状动脉搭桥术后左心室扭动的变化,探讨其评价治疗效果的临床应用价值。方法：(1)选择本院心脏外科接受择期冠状动脉搭桥术的患者30例,男19例,女11例,左室射血分数≥50%。排除急性及陈旧性心肌梗死病史、其他器质性心脏疾病。另外选择30名行冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉CT成像结果正常的人做为对照组,血生化、心电图检查结果正常。同时排除其它器质性疾病。(2)分别于搭桥术前1-3天、术后早期（7-15）天及术后3个月进行超声心动图检查,同时进行左心腔超声造影。开启4D模式,获取左室扭动参数,并进行手术前后对比分析。结果：左心腔造影可以提高设备自动描记的准确性。术前病例组的左室整体扭动幅度明显减低,与正常对照组相比差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）。术后早期左室扭动角度略高于术前,仅中间段增高幅度与术前相比有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。而手术后三个月左室扭动逐渐增强,接近正常对照组,与术后早期相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论：三维斑点追踪显像联合左心腔造影可以准确检测冠状动脉搭桥手术前、后左心室扭动的变化。左室扭动可以敏感地反映术后左室心肌收缩功能的变化。     

冠状动脉磁共振血管成像和CT对可疑冠心病患者心脏事件的预测价值的比较研究

摘要 目的：探讨与比较冠状动脉核磁共振(MR)血管成像和CT对可疑冠心病患者心脏事件的预测价值。方法：2018年4月到2020年10月选择在本院诊治的103例可疑冠心病患者作为研究对象,所有患者都给予冠状动脉MRI血管成像与64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查,记录影像学特征。随访患者的预后并进行预测价值分析。结果：103例可疑冠心病患者随访到2021年4月1日,发生心血管不良终点事件23例(不良事件组),发生率为22.3%。不良事件组的MRI血管成像显示右冠状动脉血管长度与内径都低于非不良事件组(P<0.05)。不良事件组的CT显示斑块率、斑块性质等与非不良事件组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组斑块位置对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示斑块性质、斑块率、右冠状动脉血管长度与内径都为导致心血管不良终点事件的重要因素(P<0.05)。结论：冠状动脉MRI血管成像和CT都可有效预测可疑冠心病患者心脏事件发生情况,能满足临床诊断可疑冠心病与预测预后的要求。     

冠心病患者血清Alarin和Chemerin的表达水平与血管病变严重程度的相关性研究

摘要 目的：研究冠心病患者血清中Alarin和趋化素（Chemerin）表达水平和其血管病变严重程度的相关性。方法：随机选择2017年1月1日至2021年1月1日在本院接受冠状动脉造影检查的冠心病患者112作为研究对象,并选择86例健康体检者作为对照组。其中冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影检查,病变程度由Gensini评分确定,血清Alarin和Chemerin水平使用酶联免疫吸附试验测定。结果：与对照组健康受试者相比,冠心病患者的体重指数、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显升高（P<0.05）;冠心病患者血清Alarin水平明显高于对照组（0.62±0.18 vs. 0.41±0.19 μg/L,P<0.05）。另外,冠心病患者血清Chemerin水平明显高于对照组（124.7±19.3 vs. 88.6±10.9 ng/mL,P<0.05）。血清Alarin和Chemerin水平分别与Gensini评分呈显著正相关（r=0.51,P<0.05;r=0.62,P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清Alarin和Chemerin水平是冠脉造影冠心病的独立预测因素（OR=0.91,95%CI：0.90-0.92;P<0.05和OR=0.93,95 %CI：0.90-0.95;P<0.05）。结论：本研究显示,冠心病患者血清Alarin和Chemerin水平明显高于健康受试者,且与冠心病严重程度呈显著正相关。     

Douleurs thoraciques et scintigraphie myocardique : à propos de 171 cas

Study aimTo find a correlation between epidemiological factors, risk factors and history and the results of myocardial scintigraphy according to the type of pain and discuss the role of scintigraphy in the diagnosis and therapeutic care.Patients and methodsOur study is retrospective, on 171 patients with typical chest pain (TCP) or atypical (ACP), addressed for myocardial scintigraphy.ResultsFemale predominance was clear. Average age was 59 years. Frequency of risk factors: smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, history of heart disease and hypothyroidism was respectively 21.6%, 39.8%, 73.7%, 25.1%, 11.1% and 6.4%. ACP was found in 57.9% of patients, it was more common among women (59.8%). Scintigraphy was abnormal in 36.8% of patients. Scintigraphy was normal in 59.7% of patients with TCP. In the case of ACP, scintigraphy was normal in 65.7%. This difference is not significant. All patients having abnormal scintigraphy had abnormal coronary angiography with a statistically significant correlation. Normal scintigraphy was more frequent (83.3%) in young patients ( < 40 years) and more common in women (67%) than men (55.9%). The sensitivity of scintigraphy is 100%. Its specificity is 66.6%. Its PPV of 57.1%. Its VPN is 100%.ConclusionMyocardial scintigraphy can help clinicians to identify the etiologic diagnosis and assess the prognosis of chest pain.     

Clinical characteristics of patients with suspected cardiac chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries in a secondary care hospital

Background

An important number of patients with suspected cardiac chest pain have non-obstructive coronary artery disease. Our purpose was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with normal or near-normal coronary arteries in routine cardiological practice in a secondary care hospital.

Methods

In 2013, consecutive patients referred for invasive coronary angiography with suspected cardiac chest pain were analysed at a single-centre (Westfriesgasthuis, Hoorn, the Netherlands). Coronary arteries were defined as normal or near-normal if they showed no stenosis or only slight wall irregularities on visual assessment. Patients with a final non-cardiac diagnosis for the chest pain were excluded.

Results

A total of 558 patients were included. Of these, 151 (27%) showed normal or near-normal coronary arteries on visual assessment. This group of patients were significantly more often female (p < 0.001), younger (p < 0.001) and non-diabetic (p = 0.002). Forty percent of hospitalised patients who had normal or near-normal coronary arteries at coronary angiography showed an elevated troponin.

Conclusion

In routine cardiological practice, around 1 out of 4 patients with suspected cardiac chest pain undergoing invasive angiography had normal or near-normal coronary arteries. We suggest that premenopausal women with suspected cardiac chest pain could be considered for non-invasive coronary imaging as a first step in clinical practice.

     

Chest pain in women: clinical,investigative, and prognostic features.

OBJECTIVE--To characterise clinical, investigative, and prognostic features of women referred with chest pain who subsequently underwent coronary angiography. DESIGN--Analysis of all women with angina referred to one consultant during 1987-91 who subsequently underwent coronary angiography, with follow up to present day. SETTING--Cardiothoracic centre. SUBJECTS--Women with normal coronary arteries; women with coronary artery disease shown on angiography; men with coronary artery disease matched for age; men referred with chest pain during the same period subsequently found to have normal coronary arteries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Risk factor analysis; results of exercise testing and coronary angiography; intervention; morbidity and mortality. RESULTS--Women comprised 23% (202/886) of patients referred with chest pain who subsequently underwent angiography. 83/202 women had normal coronary angiograms compared with 55/684 men (41% v 8%, P < 0.01). Diabetes mellitus was the only risk factor more frequently encountered in women with coronary artery disease (P = 0.001). The specificity and positive predictive value of exercise testing before angiography were significantly lower in women than men (71% v 93%, P < 0.001 and 76% v 95%, P < 0.001, respectively). Revascularisation procedures were as common in women with coronary artery disease as in men (81 (68%) v 70 (59%)), and there was no difference in event rate during follow up. Many patients with normal coronary arteries, irrespective of sex, had symptoms during follow up (61 (73%) women, 36 (65%) men) and continued to take antianginal drugs (27 (33%) women, 14 (28%) men); 14 (17%) women and six (11%) men required hospital readmission for severe symptoms. CONCLUSIONS--In this series, although women comprised the minority of patients referred with chest pain, a diagnosis of normal coronary arteries was five times more common in women than men. Risk factor analysis and exercise testing were of limited value in predicting coronary artery disease in women. There was no sex bias regarding revascularisation procedures, and outcome was similar. A diagnosis of non-cardiac chest pain in patients with normal coronary arteries was of little benefit to the patient with regard to morbidity.     

低风险胸痛急性冠状动脉综合征患者心电图特征及其对诊断的价值研究

摘要 目的：分析低风险胸痛急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者心电图特征及其对诊断的价值。方法：选择我院自2017年1月至2019年8月接诊的194例疑似低风险胸痛ACS患者,均采取心电图检查和冠状动脉造影检查;分析低风险胸痛ACS患者的心电图特征,观察心电图结果与冠状动脉病变支数、狭窄程度的关系,计算心电图诊断低风险胸痛ACS的特异性、敏感性等效能指标,使用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(curve,AUC)定量分析ST段偏移值预测主要不良心血管事件的效能。结果：在194例疑似低风险胸痛ACS患者中,低风险胸痛ACS患者134例,低风险不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者心电图表现以ST-T缺血性改变为主,发作时改变明显或呈现伪性改善;低风险非ST段抬高的心肌梗死(non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,NSTEMI)患者心电图表现为肢体和胸导联ST段压低,T波低平、倒置,ST-T改变持续存在和呈动态衍变;低风险胸痛ACS患者心电图结果与冠状动脉病变支数无关(P＞0.05),与狭窄程度有关(P＜0.05);心电图诊断低风险胸痛ACS的特异性为71.67 %,敏感性为69.40 %,阳性预测值为84.55 %,阴性预测值为51.19 %,符合率为70.62 %;所有患者均获得随访,经ROC曲线分析,ST段偏移值预测低风险胸痛ACS患者发生主要不良心血管事件的最佳截值为1.85 mm,AUC为0.695,对比全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)风险评分的0.675,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论：低风险胸痛ACS患者心电图具有多样化,与冠状动脉狭窄程度有关,有助于初步诊断和风险评估,且ST段偏移值预测主要不良心血管事件的效能较好,值得进一步研究应用。     

Duke Treadmill Score in prioritizing patients for coronary angiography: retrospective study of a Croatian regional hospital

Aim of the study was to determine the potential of Duke Treadmill Score (DTS) in prioritizing patients for coronary angiography in a transitional country clinical setting. We analyzed 114patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease who underwent exercise treadmill testing, and coronary angiography in Slavonski Brod General Hospital. DTS was calculated from treadmill test as: exercise time--(5 x ST deviation in mm)--(4 x exercise angina). Regarding the score, patients were grouped into three groups of risk for coronary artery disease: low risk, medium risk, and high risk patients. All patients underwent coronary angiography, and were grouped in accordance to the severity of the coronary artery disease into three groups: insignificant, significant, or severe coronary artery disease. All patients scored as high risk DTS had significant or severe coronary artery disease. Medium and low risk DTS patients had insignificant coronary artery disease in 50%, and 90% of cases, respectively. Medium risk patients with significant or severe coronary artery disease were significantly older, and had more frequent history of typical chest pain with higher number of episodes per week (P<0.05), whereas there were no differences regarding gender or presence of risk factors. There were no significant differences among medium risk patients regarding the severity of coronary artery disease in exercise time or ST deviation. However, the presence of limiting exercise angina in medium risk patients was significantly more related with significant and severe coronary artery disease (P<0.05). High risk DTS result showed great potential in stratifying patients for immediate coronary angiography. This scoring system may be used in prioritizing patients for coronary angiography in a transitional clinical setting.     

HDL-C及其亚型与冠心病患者预后关系的相关性研究

目的:探讨高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及其亚型与冠心病患者预后的关系。方法:选取2012年6月~2015年12月在我院检查的371例疑似冠心病患者为研究对象,其中确诊为冠心病患者274例为观察组,冠状动脉检查正常者97例为对照组。对两组患者的血脂指标进行检测,同时分析各终点事件与血脂各指标之间的相关性,并采用COX回归分析探讨HDL-C及其亚型与冠心病患者预后的关系。结果:与正常组比较,冠心病患者总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等指标显著升高,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及其亚型HDL2-C显著降低。这种改变随冠状动脉病变支数的增加而更加显著。COX回归分析显示HDL2-C亚型与患者心源性死亡的发生风险存在一定的相关性。结论:HDL2-C亚型与冠心病的发生、发展,患者病变程度存在显著的相关性,可以用作对冠心病患者病情程度和终点事件预测的重要参考指标。