以蛋白激酶G为靶点的抗结核药物筛选模型的建立和初步应用

结核分枝杆菌可以产生11种丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,其中蛋白激酶G(PknG)对于结核分枝杆菌在巨噬细胞内以\"持留\"状态长期存活有着重要作用。本研究以结核分枝杆菌基因组DNA为模板,在大肠杆菌中克隆表达了MTBPknG蛋白,并分离纯化得到PknG纯酶。本研究还采用三步级联反应方法测定了PknG酶活性,建立和优化了PknG抑制剂高通量筛选模型。利用此模型共筛选发酵液样品2120个,化合物样品2300个,筛选得到阳性化合物1个,阳性发酵液13个,阳性率0.32%。     

以蛋白激酶G为靶点的抗结核药物筛选模型

<正>结核分枝杆菌在被巨噬细胞吞噬、形成吞噬体后,可以通过阻止吞噬体的成熟及其与溶酶体的融合,而使其自身不被溶酶体酶降解,从而在巨噬细胞内长期存留下来。此时的细菌代谢活动降至最低,生长繁殖几乎停止,不易被抗菌药物杀灭,这种类似于休眠的长期存活状态被称为\"持留\"状态。当机体免疫力下降时,     

以苯丙氨酰-tRNA合成酶为靶点的新型抗结核药物高通量筛选模型的建立和应用

【目的】建立结核分枝杆菌PheRS抑制剂高通量模型,并运用此模型筛选化合物和发酵液样品。【方法】克隆和表达结核分枝杆菌PheRS蛋白并优化其酶活测定方法,在此基础上建立结核分枝杆菌PheRS抑制剂高通量筛选模型,并通过耻垢分枝杆菌作为检定菌对筛选到的样品进行抗菌活性测定及细胞毒性评价。【结果】运用此模型筛选了化合物样品11 600个,发酵液样品5 200个,筛选得到阳性化合物9个,阳性发酵液37个。而后通过耻垢分枝杆菌作为检定菌的抗菌活性测定及细胞毒性评价后,得到了6个发酵液阳性样品。【结论】建立的PheRS抑制剂模型可成功用于化合物和微生物发酵液的高效筛选,得到的6个发酵液阳性样品在酶水平和抗分枝杆菌方面均具有良好活性且毒性较低,值得进一步研究。     

新型抗结核分枝杆菌药物筛选模型的建立

为建立基于酶水平和细胞水平的新型抗结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）药物的筛选模型,以M.tuberculosis H37Rv基因组DNA为模板,PCR特异性扩增异柠檬酸裂解酶（ICL）基因,构建表达载体,在E.coli BL21（DE3）中高效表达,使用N i2＋亲和层析柱纯化重组ICL,检测其活性。优化ICL酶反应条件,考察待筛选样品溶剂对酶活性的影响,建立ICL抑制剂酶水平筛选模型;考察与优化耻垢分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium smegma）在以乙酸盐为唯一碳源的培养基中的生长状况,建立基于M.sm egma的乙醛酸代谢途径抑制剂的细胞水平筛选模型;利用上述2种筛选模型对1 060种可能具有拮抗活性的微生物代谢样品进行初筛和复筛,两者筛选结果正相关性较好。     

以结核分枝杆菌丙氨酸消旋酶为靶点的抗结核药物筛选及其与D-环丝氨酸的共结晶

【目的】阐释结核分枝杆菌丙氨酸消旋酶原有抑制剂D-环丝氨酸的作用机制,建立丙氨酸消旋酶抑制剂的高通量筛选模型,并用此模型筛选到新的抑制剂分子。【方法】将结核分枝杆菌中丙氨酸消旋酶基因克隆到pET-28a表达载体中,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株中得到可溶性的大量表达。表达后的蛋白质通过镍离子亲和层析和阴离子交换层析得到纯化,一方面将纯化后的蛋白和D-环丝氨酸共结晶以解析其抑制剂作用的分子机制。另一方面建立并优化丙氨酸消旋酶抑制剂的高通量筛选体系,用D-环丝氨酸验证体系的可行性并用该体系筛选本实验室药物库中的384种小分子片段、792种化合物及2 200种中药样品。【结果】得到的共晶晶体衍射能力2.50?,晶体空间群为P41212,晶胞参数a=b=163.92?,c=57.44?。结构分析表明,D-环丝氨酸进入活性位点之后与磷酸吡哆醛相互作用形成磷酸吡哆胺,使得磷酸吡哆醛的C4?原子与K42之间的相互作用被破坏,从而改变了结核分枝杆菌丙氨酸消旋酶的活性中心氢键网络。同时经D-环丝氨酸验证建立的抑制剂筛选体系可行,获得阳性化合物分子2个。【结论】依据我们所建立的高通量筛选体系可以有效地为结核分枝杆菌丙氨酸消旋酶筛选到可信的抑制剂分子。     

以SecA为靶点的新型抗绿脓杆菌药物细胞水平筛选模型的建立和应用

Sec途径(即分泌途径secretion pathway)是蛋白质转运的主要途径.其中,最为关键的组分之一是SecAATP酶,是蛋白质转运途径中的\"动力泵\",通过ATP的水解循环驱使蛋白质前体穿过细菌内膜,在细菌中是不可缺少的.我们推测抑制SecAATP酶活性的化合物.必然会在一定程度上抑制蛋白质的转运和分泌.通过绿脓杆菌与大肠杆菌SecA蛋白的互补作用,利用本实验室构建的高效表达SecA蛋白的基因工程菌,建立了SecA蛋白ATP酶活性抑制剂的细胞水平筛选模型.利用所纯化的绿脓杆菌SecA蛋白的ATP酶活测定体系,验证了所建立的细胞水平筛选模型具有一定的特异性.研究结果表明其中两个酯相组分在细胞水平和蛋白水平均具有活性,值得进行深入的研究.     

以中链脂肪酸受体GPR84为靶点的药物高通量筛选模型的建立和应用

G蛋白偶联受体84(GPR84)是C9-C14的中链脂肪酸受体,不仅在脂肪酸代谢和机体免疫反应中发挥着重要作用,而且与多发性硬化症、内毒素血症等炎症性免疫疾病有着密切联系.因此,找到以GPR84为靶点的配体,可能为治疗这些疾病提供一种有效的方法.构建稳定过表达GPR84受体蛋白的细胞系,为筛选GPR84为靶点的配体和研究这些免疫疾病提供了重要途径.本文将含GPR84和Gα16基因质粒共转染到HEK293细胞中,经过抗生素抗性筛选,挑取稳定表达GPR84蛋白的HEK293细胞系.用RT-PCR、免疫荧光染色等实验方法检测了GPR84基因和其编码受体蛋白的表达;用钙流实验、环腺苷酸实验、蛋白质印迹分析、流式细胞分析证实了表达的GPR84具有完整的生物学活性,并利用该细胞系进行了药物高通量筛选,得到了新的GPR84拮抗剂,为进一步阐明GPR84的生物学功能,研究并治疗与其相关免疫疾病奠定了基础.     

蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B抑制剂高通量筛选模型建立和应用

本文以蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B（protein tyrosine phosphatase,PTP1B）作为靶点,采用分子克隆GST融合蛋白的方法,重组表达获得PTP1B,结合自动化操作技术和比色分析,建立了一种PTP1B抑制剂的高通量筛选模型.经在96孔板优化各种反应条件并对17940个样品的筛选结果表明,靶向PTP1B建立的高通量筛选模型具有微量、快速、特异、灵敏等特点,平均日筛选量可达15000样次以上,为寻找新的抗糖尿病药物和先导化合物提供了一种先进的手段.     

以hURAT1为靶点的排尿酸药物体外细胞筛选模型的建立和应用

人尿酸盐阴离子转运体1(human urate anion transporter 1,hURAT1)是人肾小管重吸收尿酸的主要转运蛋白,以hURAT1为靶点,筛选hURAT1抑制剂是近年来降尿酸药物开发的热点,因此建立hURAT1抑制剂体外细胞筛选模型具有重要的意义与实用价值。本实验首先构建了表达SLC22A1 2(hURAT1编码基因)的慢病毒载体,感染MDCK细胞后,通过G41 8筛选出稳转细胞株(稳转株);随后采用W estern-blot及免疫荧光方法检测目的蛋白的表达,并通过液闪计数仪检测hURAT1稳转株对[~(14)C]尿酸的摄取作用及hURAT1抑制剂苯溴马隆、丙磺舒对[~(14)C]尿酸摄取的抑制效果。实验结果显示,hURAT1稳转株目的蛋白表达量为对照稳转株的两倍,并且吸收尿酸的量明显大于对照细胞(P0.001)。此外,实验中测得hURAT1稳转株对尿酸吸收的Km值为365.4μmol/L,苯溴马隆及丙磺舒对尿酸吸收的IC_(50)分别为0.1 8μmol/L和66.82μmol/L。以上结果表明,本实验成功构建了稳定表达hURAT1的MDCK细胞株,并建立了一套hURAT1抑制剂体外准确筛选和评价的方法体系。     

以NF-κB为靶的药物筛选方法的建立与应用研究

核转录因子-3B(NF-4B)通过调节其靶基因的表达,在机体免疫应答、炎症与肿瘤的发生发展过程中发挥着重要功能,因此也被认为是预防和治疗肿瘤与炎症的理想靶点.pNiFty-SEAP质粒被成功地转入HEK293细胞,因此该转染细胞含有5×NF-5B基序的增强子、SEAP报告基因和Zeocin抗生素抗性筛选基因.通过检测报告基因表达水平可反映NF-6B的活化状态.在以pNiFty-SEAP/HEK293细胞为基础建立的筛选体系中,TNF7和PMA等已知的NF-8B激活剂能剂量与时间依赖性地促进NF-9B的活化,而PDTC和NAC等NF-:B抑制剂的作用则相反.该筛选体系不仅具有稳定、特异、高通量等特点,而且可同时检测NF-;B的激活剂与抑制剂,将为发现作用于NF-相似文献   

In silico discovery of potential drug molecules to improve the treatment of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) has become one of the major hurdles in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Drug-resistant M.tb has evolved with various strategies to avoid killing by the anti-tubercular drugs. Thus, there is a rising need to develop effective anti-TB drugs to improve the treatment of these strains. Traditional drug design approach has earned little success due to time and the cost involved in the process of development of anti-infective drugs. Numerous reports have demonstrated that several mutations in the drug target sites cause emergence of drug-resistant M.tb strains. In this study, we performed computational mutational analysis of M.tb inhA, fabD, and ahpC genes, which are the primary targets for first-line isoniazid (INH) drug. In silico virtual drug screening was performed to identify the potent drugs from a ChEMBL compound library to improve the treatment of INH-resistant M.tb. Further, these compounds were analyzed for their binding efficiency against active drug binding cavity of M.tb wild-type and mutant InhA, FabD and AhpC proteins. The drug efficacy of predicted lead compounds was verified by molecular docking using M.tb wild-type and mutant InhA, FabD and AhpC protein template models. Different in silico and pharmacophore analysis predicted three potent lead compounds with better drug-like properties against both M.tb wild-type and mutant InhA, FabD, and AhpC proteins as compared to INH drug, and thus may be considered as effective drugs for the treatment of INH-resistant M.tb strains. We hypothesize that this work may accelerate drug discovery process for the treatment of drug-resistant TB.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma     

非一线抗结核药物耐药机制及耐药性诊断研究进展

结核病(Tuberculosis, TB)至今仍是世界三大传染疾病之一。2014年,TB导致的死亡人数已经超过HIV。二线抗TB药物是临床治疗耐多药TB(Multidrug-resistant TB, MDR-TB)的主要药物,然而某些MDR-TB患者由于未及时诊断、治疗方案不合理、所处区域医疗条件差等原因,逐渐发展成为广泛耐药TB(Extensively drug-resistant TB, XDR-TB),使治疗更加困难,其死亡率甚至与肺癌接近。目前结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)的耐药性机制研究已经转向非一线药物,如二线、三线和一些新研发的抗TB药物,揭示这些非一线药物的耐药机制对于耐药TB的治疗和新型抗TB药物的研发具有重要意义。本文对目前临床上使用的主要非一线药物的耐药机制研究进行了综述,并对目前常用的TB耐药性诊断方法的优缺点进行了归纳比较。     

Plasmid-based controls to detect rpoB mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction-high-resolution melting

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction-high-resolution melting (qPCR-HRM) analysis was used to screen for mutations related to drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We detected the C526T and C531T mutations in the rifampicin resistance-determining region (RRDR) of the rpoB gene with qPCR-HRM using plasmid-based controls. A segment of the RRDR region from M. tuberculosis H37Rv and from strains carrying C531T or C526T mutations in the rpoB were cloned into pGEM-T vector and these vectors were used as controls in the qPCR-HRM analysis of 54 M. tuberculosis strains. The results were confirmed by DNA sequencing and showed that recombinant plasmids can replace genomic DNA as controls in the qPCR-HRM assay. Plasmids can be handled outside of biosafety level 3 facilities, reducing the risk of contamination and the cost of the assay. Plasmids have a high stability, are normally maintained in Escherichia coli and can be extracted in large amounts.     

A population-based study of first and second-line drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high-burden area of the Mexico/United States border

The resistance of 139 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from the city of Monterrey, Northeast Mexico, to first and second-line anti-TB drugs was analysed. A total of 73 isolates were susceptible and 66 were resistant to anti-TB drugs. Monoresistance to streptomycin, isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol was observed in 29 cases. Resistance to INH was found in 52 cases and in 29 cases INH resistance was combined with resistance to two or three drugs. A total of 24 isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) resistant to at least INH and rifampicin and 11 MDR cases were resistant to five drugs. The proportion of MDR-TB among new TB cases in our target population was 0.72% (1/139 cases). The proportion of MDR-TB among previously treated cases was 25.18% (35/139 cases). The 13 polyresistant and 24 MDR isolates were assayed against the following seven second-line drugs: amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KAN), capreomycin (CAP), clofazimine (CLF), ethionamide (ETH), ofloxacin (OFL) and cycloserine (CLS). Resistance to CLF, OFL or CLS was not observed. Resistance was detected to ETH (10.80%) and to AMK (2.70%), KAN (2.70%) and CAP (2.70%). One isolate of MDR with primary resistance was also resistant to three second-line drugs. Monterrey has a high prevalence of MDR-TB among previously treated cases and extensively drug-resistant-MTB strains may soon appear.