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1.
辛建攀  田如男 《广西植物》2017,37(3):356-364
通过野外调查和文献资料查阅,初步统计出江苏野生藤本植物共有35科74属153种,其中蕨类植物有1科1属1种,单子叶植物有3科4属12种,双子叶植物有31科69属140种。该区藤本植物以寡种科(属)、单种科(属)为主;地理成分复杂,具有明显的热带亲缘性,并受温带成分的影响。生长型以木质藤本为主(56.58%),草质藤本次之,其中,共有17科全为木质藤本,如木通科(Lardizabalaceae)以及防己科(Menispermaceae);共有13科全为草质藤本,如百部科(Stemonaceae)以及萝藦科(Asclepiadaceae)等;共有4科含木质与草质藤本植物,如百合科(Liliaceae)以及葡萄科(Vitaceae)等。高位芽植物最多(56.58%),地面芽植物(20.39%)、一年生植物(11.19%)、地下芽植物(8.55%)及地上芽植物(3.29%)的数量依次减少。该区藤本植物攀援类型可以分为4大类,以缠绕类居多(40.13%),其他依次是卷曲类(30.26%)、搭靠类(22.37%)以及吸固类(7.24%)。有性繁育系统以两性花最多(76.97%),单性花次之(19.74%),杂性花最少(3.29%);花序组成丰富,以无限花序占有绝对优势(71.05%)。  相似文献   

2.
华中地区藤本种子植物区系的研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
以湖南和湖北两省为代表对华中地区藤本种子植物的区系进行了研究。本区共有藤本种子植物62科175属838种,其中土著种类有60科159属784种。在科、属、种的水平上对藤本种子植物区系特性进行了较深入的统计和分析,并对本区藤本种子植物与邻近地区的关系、本区内的藤本种子植物的地带性分异进行了探讨。统计表明,本区藤本种子植物种数占该区种子植物总种数的11%,且61.7%的种类主要集中在30种以上的大科中;热带分布型明显多于温带分布型;泛热带、热带亚洲、东亚(中国)特有和东亚—北美间断分布科属比较集中,其中许多属为古老成分;本区藤本种子植物特有成分丰富,计有东亚特有科1科、中国特有属6属、中国特有种507种(其中华中地区特有种35种)。通过研究认为:本区藤本种子植物具有种类丰富、分布类型多样、特有成分较多、区系较古老的特点;与本区的全部种子植物区系相比,藤本种子植物区系的热带性更强,具有明显的热带亲缘性,并与喜马拉雅及中国西南有较强的地理渊源。  相似文献   

3.
湖南云山野生木质藤本植物资源及多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为深入研究湘西南野生藤本植物资源现状及其多样性特征,对湖南云山野生木质藤本植物资源生态特征进行了系统研究。结果表明:(1)湖南云山共有野生木质藤本植物39科101属308种,分别占该区种子植物科、属和种的19.21%、9.32%和20.29%,其中裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物38科100属307种,蕨类植物缺乏。(2)在生活型上,该区以高位芽藤本植物为主导,占总种数的93.51%,地下芽、地面芽和地上芽藤本植物较少,分别占总种数的4.87%、0.97%和0.65%。(3)在攀援方式上,缠绕藤本具有优势,占总种数的42.86%,搭靠类、卷曲类和吸固类较少,分别占总种数的34.01%、13.62%和9.42%。(4)该区地理成分复杂多样,属级和种级地理成分各有11个分布型,均以热带成分为主,温带成分占有较大比例,说明该区热带成分向温带渗透和过渡的性质。研究认为,湖南云山野生木质藤本植物的生态功能效应明显,用途广泛,具有重要的药用、经济和社会价值,综合效益明显,开发利用潜力巨大。  相似文献   

4.
在对广东省木质藤本植物资源进行分析的基础上,结合对广州公园和校园的调查、统计,从区系地理学角度分析木质藤本的地理成分以及在园林应用中的潜力。结果显示,广东省木质藤本共有578种(含亚种、变种、栽培种和变型),隶属于59科161属。其中,热带性科占总科数的71.12%,热带性属占总属数的81.99%,表明木质藤本的地理成分具有典型的热带性,这与广东省地处东亚季风气候特点相一致。乡土种531种,占91.87%,外来种47种,仅占8.13%,说明广东省木质藤本乡土植物种质资源非常丰富;但应用于广州园林中的木质藤本仅28科46属61种,其中乡土植物34种,外来植物27种,应用种类较少,园林应用潜力较大。建议在园林建设中通过增加优良种类的应用数量和提高应用频率,以及驯化观赏价值高的乡土种等途径来提高木质藤本的种类多样性和景观多样性。  相似文献   

5.
为揭示江西齐云山国家级自然保护区内大型真菌资源及区系特征,采用随机调查法对该区大型真菌进行调查研究,结果表明:(1)该保护区共有大型真菌40科88属180种,其中子囊菌门2科4属10种,担子菌门38科84属170种;(2)优势科为多孔科、牛肝菌科、红菇科、侧耳科和口蘑科,共计93种,占总种数的51.67%;(3)优势属为红菇属、牛肝属、云芝属、香菇属、小孔菌属、马勃属,共计38种,占总种数的21.11%;(4)从属的区系地理成分上划分为世界分布成分(72.72%)、泛热带成分(15.91%)、北温带成分(10. 23%)和东亚-北美分布成分(1.14%);(5)从种的地理成分上划分为世界分布种(53.33%)、热带-亚热带分布种(11.67%)、东亚-北美间断分布种(11.11%)、北温带分布种(10.00%)、东亚分布种(3.33%)、中国-日本共有种(3. 33%)、中国特有种(2. 78%)、温带-亚热带、热带分布种(1. 67%)、北温带-澳大利亚分布种(1. 11%)、欧亚大陆分布种(1.11%)及温带分布种(0.56%) 11个分布类型。齐云山自然保护区大型真菌表现出从亚热带向北温带过渡的区系特征。  相似文献   

6.
对五大连池蜈蚣衣科地衣的物种多样性及其分布、地理成分进行了初步研究。结果表明,分布在五大连池的蜈蚣衣科地衣共有4属,38种。其中,黑龙江新记录种25种,中国新记录种2种。这些种类分别为世界广布成分、东亚‐北美成分、东亚成分、北温带成分、泛热带成分、中国特有成分6个类型。本地区以北温带成分(29%)、东亚‐北美成分(29%)和世界广布成分(18%)为主。蜈蚣衣科地衣在五大连池地区主要生长在蒙古栎、火山杨、朽木和岩面上。  相似文献   

7.
采用实地调查、标本采集和查证相结合的方法,对湖南新宁野生藤本植物组成及多样性进行了研究。结果表明:新宁共有野生藤本植物49科111属354种,分别占该区域植物科、属和种数的20.50%、10.72%和11.21%,包含蕨类植物2科2属2种、裸子植物1科1属1种、被子植物46科108属351种;其中,双子叶藤本种类具有明显优势,木质藤本数量多于草质藤本,优势科明显但单种属和寡种属数量较多。在生活型上以高位芽藤本种类为主,占总种数的80.80%,地下芽、一年生、地上芽和地面芽藤本种类较少,分别占总种数的6.21%、5.08%、4.52%和3.39%。在攀援方式上缠绕藤本具有明显优势,占总种数的46.61%;卷曲类、搭靠类和吸固类藤本种类较少,分别占总种数的24.58%、19.49%和9.32%。大部分藤本植物都具有2种以上的观赏特性,其中以观叶植物最多,占总种数的90.68%。繁育系统以两性花为主,单性花中雌雄异株种数多于雌雄同株,两性花、单性花和杂性花种类数分别占总种数的70.90%、27.69%和1.41%。分布区类型以热带成分为主,温带成分也占较大比例,说明该区域的藤本植物分布具有从热带成分向温带成分渗透和过渡的特性。调查结果表明:新宁野生藤本植物组成复杂、多样性特征明显,与该区域植物区系在中亚热带季风湿润气候条件下受山丘地貌区复杂生境长期作用有关。  相似文献   

8.
中国种子植物区系中的藤本多样性   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
藤本植物是植被的重要组成部分,但由于野外考察中物种及无性系分株鉴定的困难,长期以来在生态学研究中常常被忽视。为揭示中国藤本植物的多样性和特有性,作者研究了其科属组成、区系成分和攀援方式。结果显示:中国藤本植物种类丰富,共计有85科409属3,073种(含变种、亚种),占中国种子植物区系的11.3%;其中草质藤本898种,木质藤本2,175种,分别占中国种子植物区系的3.3%和8.0%。中国藤本植物区系热带成分显著,热带分布科和属分别占总科数或总属数(不含世界广布科属)的87.9%和79.2%;有14个含藤属为中国所特有,但没有特有含藤科。中国藤本植物最主要的攀援方式是缠绕类,占藤本植物总数的56.7%;其次为蔓生类和卷须类,分别占22.1%和17.0%;吸附类藤本种类最少,只占4.2%。  相似文献   

9.
通过实地调查我国华北、西南等地区的石蕊科地衣多样性,结合前人的研究资料,从物种多样性、生境、区系成分等多方面对我国石蕊科地衣进行研究。结果显示,我国石蕊科地衣共有5属107种,其中石蕊属(Cladonia)占优势,有94种,占石蕊科地衣总种数的87.9%。共鉴定出山西省新记录8种,云南省新记录种3种。石蕊科地衣生境共分为5种:藓丛生、树生、草地生、石生和多生境,其中多生境占比最高(49.5%)。我国石蕊科地衣区系成分多样共分为7种,包括:世界广布成分(除外)、环北极成分(37.8%)、泛热带成分(12.2%)、欧亚成分(6.1%)、东亚-北美成分(9.8%)、东亚成分(24.3%)和中国特有成分(9.8%)。  相似文献   

10.
根据野外调查、标本鉴定及查阅文献,对新疆甘家湖梭梭林自然保护区植物组成、地理成分进行了研究。结果显示:保护区共有维管植物62科236属448种,其中蕨类植物2科2属3种,裸子植物1科1属4种,被子植物59科233属441种。藜科、菊科、禾本科、十字花科、豆科为优势科,所含属、种数占该保护区总数的49.15%和51.12%;属内种数的变化范围为1~13种,仅含1种的属最多,有144个,占总属数的61.02%。植物生活型组成多样,草本375种、灌木65种、乔木5种、藤本3种,分别占保护区总种数的83.71%、14.51%、1.12%和0.67%。植物群落组成简单,以梭梭群落(Form.Haloxylon ammodendron)、白梭梭群落(Form.Haloxylon persicum)为主,它们与超旱生、旱生灌木、小灌木、草本等组成荒漠植被。保护区种子植物60科可划分为4个分布区类型和7个变型,以温带地理成分为主(14科),占保护区非世界分布的56.00%;234个属可划分为12个分布区类型和12个变型,其中北温带分布及其变型73属,占保护区非世界分布的37.44%,地中海、中亚、东亚分布在此地交流融合,缺乏热带成分,具强烈的温带荒漠性质。  相似文献   

11.
Aim To characterize the Australian desert vine flora and to compare it with that of deserts in other continents. Location The Stony Deserts, the Simpson Desert and the four main deserts of Western Australia. Methods The Western Australian Herbarium data base and published papers were used to develop vine checklists for each Australian desert studied. A literature search was used to classify the families and genera into phytogeographical elements and to provide data for intercontinental comparisons. Results Thirty‐seven vine species are listed for the six Australian deserts studied. They constitute from 0.8 to 2.7% of the vascular flora, which is within the normal range for arid zone floras. Comparing Australian data with those from the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts (North America), for non‐vine taxa, very different phylogenetic lines are present. However, for vines, three of the four most important families are the same in each case, viz. Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae and Asclepiadaceae. This reflects large pantropical and cosmopolitan families shared between all three data sets. At the generic level, in Australia pantropical taxa and taxa from the Old World tropics far outnumber endemic ones, as do pantropical and neotropical genera in North America. Herbaceous vines predominate in Australian deserts as they do in North American ones, but nevertheless, the percentage of woody vines is higher in Australia (32%) than in North America (highest value of 24%). Earlier views that Australian deserts are rich in annual vines are not supported. Main conclusions For many life‐forms, the Australian flora is composed of very different phylogenetic lines to the floras of other continents. However, for desert vines, at the level of family and even of genus, there are surprising similarities between Australia and even a continent as distant as North America, because of shared pantropical and cosmopolitan taxa.  相似文献   

12.
为了解铜壁关自然保护区藤本植物现状,经实地考察对其组成和多样性进行了研究。结果表明:本区有藤本植物676种,隶属于65科209属,双子叶藤本植物具有明显优势,计56科192属597种。生活型组成以高位芽藤本种类为主,占藤本植物种数的81.51%。攀援方式中缠绕藤本具有明显优势,占藤本植物种数的53.99%,并提出了斜倚类藤本植物的概念。极高的降雨量、悬殊的海拔、多样的生境类型、广泛发育的各类原始阔叶林,是本区藤本植物极为丰富的根本原因。  相似文献   

13.
Aim This study presents a phytogeographical characterization of the vine flora of two lower North American desert regions as a biogeographical framework for further ecological inquiry into desert vines. Location The phytogeography of the vine flora of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts was c haracterized based on 263 known species. Methods Checklists of the vines of each desert were developed. Represented genera were then grouped into 10 phytogeographical elements based on worldwide distribution patterns. To compare the floristic composition of the desert floras, an index of species similarity was calculated. Results About a third more species of vines occur in the Sonoran Desert than in the Chihuahuan Desert. Based on the analysis, cosmopolitan genera are the only group more numerous in absolute terms in the Chihuahuan Desert than in the Sonoran Desert. Tropical elements are represented in about the same proportion in each desert as the number of species, however, nearly twice as many pantropical and neotropical genera are represented in the Sonoran Desert as in the Chihuahuan Desert. Proportionately, more genera of temperate elements occur in the Chihuahuan Desert than in the Sonoran desert, although the absolute number of genera is slightly higher in the latter. Main conclusions As these deserts are relatively recent ecological formations and as vines evolved in forest ecosystems, the composition of the desert vine floras is the result of the interaction between historical vegetation types, their constituent taxa and climatic and geological history. The main differences in the vining floras of the present‐day Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts appear to be the result of greater historical influence in the Sonoran Desert of (1) tropical vegetation types and (2) the emergence of the Gulf of California. The Chihuahuan Desert vine flora seems to be the result of (1) a more pronounced historical temperate vegetation, (2) the lack of an important isolating event, such as the creation of the Baja California peninsula, and (3) a cooler climate with shorter growing seasons.  相似文献   

14.
华南藤本植物的生态学特性   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
 本文从生态学观点出发,概述华南藤本植物的区系分布、生物学生态学特性、生长型及参与森林结构的作用,以供有关方面参考。  相似文献   

15.
Seeds of Sargentodoxa (Sargentodoxaceae), a deciduous vine presently restricted to southeastern Asia, are described from the Oligocene Brandon Lignite of Vermont. This is the first report of fossil Sargentodoxaceae. The Sargentodoxaceae are segregated from the Lardizabalaceae, a small family with an unusual modem distribution (six genera in East Asia, two genera in Chile). Given the close relationship of the two families, the discovery of Sargentodoxa in North America, along with one and possibly two other occurrences of Lardizabalaceae in the Northern Hemisphere, raises the possibility that the Lardizabalaceae achieved their present distribution by 1) spreading around the Northern Hemisphere in the early Tertiary as part of the “Boreotropical Flora,” followed by 2) long-distance dispersal from north to south in the New World. Other factors argue against this interpretation.  相似文献   

16.
Leaf domatia, specialized structures on the undersides of leaves, appear to promote mutualism between plants and those mites that protect leaves from pathogenic fungi and small herbivorous arthropods. Their occurrence was surveyed on 425 plant species (368 native species and 57 species introduced from other regions of northeastern Asia), comprising 177 genera and 59 families of woody Dicotyledonae in the Korean flora. Domatia, primarily of tuft or pocket forms (84% of species), were present in vein axils on leaves of 152 species (36%) within 66 genera (37%) and 39 families (66%). Overall, we report leaf domatia in nine new families and 25 additional genera. Mites, primarily from families or suborders (e.g., Acaridida, Phytoseiidae, Tydeidae) in which arboreal representatives are primarily fungivorous or predaceous, were found in domatia on leaves of 78% of all species sampled. Domatia frequency depended upon both growth form and habit of species. They were especially common among tree species (55%), but less so on shrubs (20%) and woody vines (22%). Domatia were much more frequent on species of deciduous plants (40% of those sampled) than on evergreen species, of which only 10% had leaf domatia. This difference was consistent across a number of local deciduous and broadleaf evergreen forests in South Korea. The high frequency of leaf domatia in this survey indicates that plant-mite mutualism may be widespread in Korean plant communities. The floristic affinities of plants with domatia in Korea to those in other regions of East Asia, eastern North America, and Europe suggest that these plant-mite associations characterize the temperate broadleaf deciduous forest biome in the Northern Hemisphere.  相似文献   

17.
广东佛山市有毒植物资源调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
薛克娜  李镇魁  陆耀东 《生态科学》2005,24(3):212-217,223
佛山市的有毒植物以被子植物占有绝对优势,分别占科、属、种的95.7%、98.0%和98.4%,其中又以双子叶植物占绝对优势。从习性方而来说,又以木本植物占优势,占总数的51.4%,草本和藤本分别占总数的33.9%和14.8%。佛山市计有有毒植物69科148属183种,其中蕨类植物1科1属1种,裸子植物2科2属2种,被子植物66科145属180种;木本94种,草本62种,藤本27种;剧毒4种,大毒21种,中等毒35种,小毒121种。文章分析了这些有毒植物资源的特点,并就其开发利用提出建议。  相似文献   

18.
蔡永立  宋永昌 《生态学报》2000,20(5):808-814
根据中国亚热带东部藤本植物的特征,修订并扩充了Mueller-Dombois和Ellenberg生活型系统中藤本植物分类部分。对本区生活型分析的结果表明,中国亚热带东部藤本植物的生活型谱是以高位芽藤本占绝对优势(72.7%)其次为地下芽藤本(17.5%)、地面芽藤本(6.2%)、1年生藤本(2.7%)和地上芽藤本(1.5%),除地下芽藤本比例略高外,与亚热带常绿阔叶林生活型谱十分接近,具有比较明确  相似文献   

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