九里香蛋白多糖的抗生育及其它生物活性

九里香蛋白多糖有明显的抗生育作用,小鼠腹腔注射剂量2.08mg/kg,抗早孕率达72—83％。能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,吞噬指数和吞噬百分数分别为对照组的5.42和1.70倍。能增加致敏动物血清中溶血素含量,小鼠HC_(50)为对照组的5.1倍。对大鼠新鲜红细胞有明显的促进凝集作用,凝集率为31.1％。能对抗环磷酰胺引起的白细胞减少,对照组和九里香蛋白多糖组白细胞下降率分别为42.7％和26.7％。对二甲苯所致小鼠耳部炎症也有对抗作用,抑制率达52％。有抗凝血作用,家兔静脉注射18mg/kg,凝血时间延长1.76分钟。毒性较低,小鼠腹腔注射LD_(50)为462±56.7mg/kg。     

雌/雄激素比例对去势大鼠前列腺体积及其脏器系数的影响

目的探讨雌/雄激素比例对去势大鼠前列腺体积及其脏器系数的影响。方法选用雄性SD大鼠随机分为37组,分别为:35个不同雌/雄激素比例组、正常和去势对照组。给药组分别注射不同配伍剂量的雌/雄激素、对照组均注射生理盐水各一个月。最后一次注药后24h取血、处死、取材,称取前列腺重量,测量体积,并计算脏器系数。结果当丙酸睾丸酮给药剂量分别为每只鼠0.02、0.5、2.5和12.5mg时,均未见器官增生程度与苯甲酸雌二醇注射剂量呈负相关。丙酸睾丸酮给药剂量每只鼠为0.1mg时,随着苯甲酸雌二醇注射量增加,前列腺体积及其系数均增大,而当每只鼠苯甲酸雌二醇注射量达到50μg/kg时,器官增生程度不再随苯甲酸雌二醇注射剂量增加而增加。结论雌激素发挥作用需以雄激素存在为前提,雌激素并非总是呈现对抗雄激素促进前列腺增生的作用,而是在一定范围内协同雄激素促进前列腺增生。     

棘胸蛙人工授精试验

1988—1989年利用雄蛙活体取精、雌蛙活体挤卵的试验,对棘胸蛙卵子实行人工授精37次,成功率达100％。卵子受精率和孵化率达90％以上。不仅改变了传统的杀蛙取精方法,而且探索了棘胸蛙人工授精及受卵的孵化技术。通过试验得知,秋后对棘胸蛙注射蛙脑垂体液进行人工催产和授精的效果是极差的,不宜采用。     

江滩与兴林垦种林区钉螺氨基酸,总蛋白和糖原含量的比较

测定了兴林垦种林区钉螺和滩地钉螺的总蛋白、氨基酸和糖原含量,结果表明,林地钉螺体同总蛋白含量和１５种氨基酸含量显著下降,尤以雌体降幅较大,达３０％,长江退水２个月后,林地钉螺体内糖原含量开始下降,退水７个月后,其含量较低了３８％。     

乙醇及6-DMAP对小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活的研究

实验研究了乙醇、6-DMAP以及二者联合使用时对注射hCG后18小时采集的小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活的效果。结果证明:(1)用5％的乙醇分别作用5和10分钟及10％的乙醇分别作用5和10分钟,小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活率分别为41.3％、63.7％、57.9％和85.6％。说明在一定范围内,随着乙醇浓度和作用时间的增加,小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活率有上升的趋势。(2)用2mM 6-DMAP作用2、4和6小时,小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活率分别为 12.0％、25.0％和40.0％。说明随着6-DMAP作用时间的增加,小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活率有所升高。(3)用5％乙醇作用5分钟,再用含有2mmol/L 6-DMAP的培养液培养6小时,小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活率可达65.5％,明显高于单独使用5％乙醇作用5分钟或单独使用2mmol/L 6-DMAP作用6小时卵母细胞的孤雌激活率。(4)用10％的乙醇作用5分钟,再用含有2mmol/L 6-DMAP的培养液培养6小时,小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活率达到100％,远远高于单独使用10％乙醇作用5分钟或单独使用2mmol/L 6-DMAP作用6小时卵母细胞的孤雌激活率。(5)在单独使用乙醇刺激时,激活卵母细胞中直接卵裂(2-细胞)的比率随乙醇作用强度的增加而增加,最高达62.5％;但6-DMAP则抑制激活卵母细胞的直接卵裂,增加二原核卵的比例。     

人单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-Ⅱ)实验感染树鼩的研究

本文探查了树鼩对人单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型（HSV-Ⅱ）的敏感性。其结果报道如下: （一）动物感染HSV-Ⅱ后的死亡率:树鼩经HSV—Ⅱ感染后第3天开始死亡,5一7天死亡数达到高峰。腹腔感染组第7天死亡率达80.2％,第14天为100％;阴道感染的动物死亡率为76.8％,见表1。以兔肾细胞悬液经阴道填充和腹腔注射的对照动物无1例死亡。     

睾酮对雄家猫附性器官金属硫蛋白的诱导

睾丸切除后,家猫前列腺背叶、腹叶及尿道球腺内的金属硫蛋白（ｍｅｔａｌｏｔｈｉｏｎｅｉｎ,ＭＴ）分别下降至正常家猫的２１２％（Ｐ＜００１）、８８４％（Ｐ＞００５）和１８５％（Ｐ＜００１）,而在腹叶影响较小。睾丸切除后注射芝麻油,前列腺背叶及尿道球腺ＭＴ均未得到恢复。但若在睾丸切除后连续３ｄ注射１０μｇ／ｋｇｂｗ睾酮,两者依次恢复至６９３％和５９４％。随睾酮注射剂量增加（５、１０、１５、２０、２５μｇ／ｋｇｂｗ）,血浆睾酮的浓度、前列腺背叶及尿道球腺ＭＴ含量增高。血浆睾酮与前列腺背叶及尿道球腺ＭＴ呈正相关（Ｐ＜００１）。这些结果表明,睾酮诱导前列腺背叶及尿道球腺ＭＴ,其最适剂量为２０μｇ／ｋｇｂｗ。     

雌、孕激素在癫痫发病中的作用及其机制研究

临床资料显示 ,某些女性癫痫患者体内雌、孕激素的周期性变化可能影响癫痫发作的易感性。为了探索雌、孕激素在癫痫发病中的作用 ,阐明其作用机制 ,本工作分别以马桑内酯(CL)侧脑室注射致痫、贝美格 (Be)腹腔注射致痫大鼠为实验对象 ,采用神经电生理、流式细胞免疫荧光、高效液相色谱、免疫细胞化学、原位杂交技术 ,从整体、行为、细胞、分子以及基因水平研究了雌、孕激素对大鼠中枢神经系统 (CNS)功能的影响。研究结果表明 ,卵巢甾体激素属于神经甾体激素 ,其作为新的神经调质对CNS具有广泛的影响 ,它们分别通过调节即刻早期基因、氨基酸类神经递质及神经递质受体而多环节影响CNS的兴奋性。     

甲型流感病毒免疫治疗S_（37）腹水瘤的实验研究

用甲型流感病毒７５－３９株鼠肺适应型,免疫治疗Ｓ３７腹水瘤小鼠,存活率达９３．３％。体外流感病毒感染Ｓ３７肿瘤细胞,经不同时间观测,到３天时Ｓ３７细胞经胎盘蓝染色发现细胞１００％死亡。而对照组Ｓ３７细胞死亡率为１０％左右（ｐ＜０．０１）。进一步研究病毒免疫治疗Ｓ３７腹水瘤小鼠的机理,发现经病毒感染后小鼠ＮＫ细胞杀伤活性升高达５８％,正常鼠ＮＫ活性为２２％,两者有显著性差异（ｐ＜０．０１）。另外,检测病毒注射后小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性也随之升高。     

穴位注射治疗外阴白色病变24例临床观察

目的:探讨穴位注射治疗外阴白色病变的临床疗效。方法:收治外阴白色病变24例,用穴位注射治疗,选用气海,曲泉(双侧),血海(双侧),气穴,足三里(双侧),每次选3个穴位,5穴轮换,予注入胎盘组织液与vitB12混合药液,治疗期间及治疗后,观察病变部位的症状和体征及病理组织结构变化,进行疗效评价。结果:穴位注射治疗后,患者的瘙痒症状基本缓解或消失,外阴的形态和色泽基本恢复正常,总有效率达100%,总显效率87．5%。结论:穴位注射治疗外阴白色病变,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

Infectivity and Recovery of Tetrahymena pyriformis Strain S from Adult Female Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana)*

Hemocoelomic injection of 5,800–8,000 cells of Tetrahymena pyriformis strain S per female cockroach resulted in lethargy of the insects within 24 hr and death within 72 hr. Ciliates could be recovered 24–48 hr after injection of these amounts of ciliates. Inoculation of smaller numbers of cells resulted in no apparent ill effects to the insects and ciliates could not be recovered. After recovery from cockroaches and reestablishment in axenic culture, the ciliates were rounded and contained large numbers of lipid droplets which decreased on continued cultivation. The ciliates underwent a sequence of morphologic alterations involving a decrease in length and width to form ovoid cells, an approach to the pyriform shapes (but smaller than normal size), an elongation to an abnormal length/width ratio, and then, after 6 days in culture, a return to the normal shape with usual dimensions.     

生态因子的波动对多刺裸腹溞雄体发生的影响

采用克隆培养法,研究了几种主要生态因子的波动对多刺裸腹氵蚤雄体发生的影响和该氵蚤对上述生态因子波动的敏感程度.结果表明,无论是一次性剧烈刺激,还是持续性渐进刺激,该氵蚤均未能直接产生雄体,即氵蚤的孤雌生殖雌体不能直接转变为混交雌体(两性生殖雌体);在光照、温度、饵料密度、pH值持续性渐进波动时,该氵蚤种群的内禀增长率分别为0.7748、0.7481、0.6539和0.6310d-1ind-1,比对照组降低0.9%、4.0%、16.4%和19.3%,表明该氵蚤对饵料密度和pH值的波动较为敏感,对温度的敏感性次之     

大鼠杏仁中央核内注射CRH对血压的影响及其中枢机制初探

在戊巴比妥钠麻醉的大鼠,观察杏仁中央核内微量注射促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素对血压的影响,并对其中枢机制进行初步探讨。结果如下：（１）ＣｅＡ内微量注射ＣＲＨ产生剂量依赖血压升高,这种升压效应一般出现在 注射后５ｍｉｎ左右,可维持１ｈ以上。（２）ＣｅＡＣＲＨ体拮抗ａ－ｈｅｌｉｃａｌＣＲＨ９－４１,能取消ＣｅＡ内注射ＣＲＨ引起的升压效应。（３）侧脑室内给予纳洛酮,显著减弱ＣｅＡ内注射ＣＲＨ引起的升压效应。     

玉米螟赤眼蜂雌蜂繁殖力与年龄的关系

以米蛾卵作为繁育寄主,通过系统解剖不同发育期（0～144 h）玉米螟赤眼蜂的卵巢,探讨了雌蜂抱卵量、繁殖力与其年龄和个体大小之间的关系。结果表明,玉米螟赤眼蜂在羽化初期（0～3 h）,卵巢中只有部分卵处于成熟状态,随着雌蜂年龄的增加,其抱卵量不断增加,至72 h时接近其卵巢容纳量。抱卵量与雌蜂年龄之间的关系可以用以下公式来表示：y =a｛1-exp［-b(x+c)］｝。用后足胫节长度（HTL）来表示雌蜂个体大小时,HTL短于0.150 mm、介于0.150～0.159 mm之间以及长于0.160 mm的个体羽化后24 h的平均抱卵量分别为40.4、50.5和58.2粒,各占其卵巢容纳量的72.8%、79.3%和86.9%,占整个成虫期总产卵量的49.4%、47.9%及51.9%。玉米螟赤眼蜂羽化后24 h内的产卵量接近于羽化后24 h的抱卵量。雌蜂个体大小与抱卵量及总产卵量之间关系密切,抱卵量与总产卵量随着雌蜂个体的增大而不断增加,呈线性正相关。个体大小可以作为评估玉米螟赤眼蜂生殖潜能高低的一个良好的指标。     

Effects of different methods and times of 17β-estradiol treatment on the feminization success in the narrow-clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823)

Sex differentiation is a profitable technique in crayfish aquaculture. Most of the studies have focused on sex differentiation in crayfish by ablation or implantation of androgenic glands. There is no research on sex differentiation using hormones in crayfish. In the present study, the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) injections (10^?7 mol/crayfish) to females and baths (50 μg 17β-estradiol/L) to pleopodal eggs and stage1, 2, and 3 juveniles on the feminization of freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus were investigated. Results showed that E2 injection to females, bath to pleopodal eggs and bath to stage 1, 2, and 3 juveniles increased feminization rate significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control in A. leptodactylus. Best feminization rate (male to female, 0.25:1) was observed after hormonal injection to the females combined with application of both for their both pleopodal eggs and stage 1, 2, and 3 juveniles. In conclusion, it is possible to obtain 75% females A. leptodactylus by E2 injection to females and bath to pleopodal eggs and stage 1, 2, and 3 juveniles. However, future studies are needed to investigate the mechanism of E2 in crayfish feminization and the sexual development of juveniles obtained from feminization.     

Lymph drainage of the mammary glands in female cats

The mammary gland is a common site of neoplasms in the female cat. All the malignant tumors metastasize to a lesser or a greater extent through the lymphatic system. However, the anatomical knowledge of this system is not sufficiently well known in cats to develop a reasoned model for the extirpation of these glands in case of malignant tumors. A study of the lymph drainage in 50 female cats was done by indirect injection in vivo of India ink inside the mammary parenchyma. After a waiting interval, mammary glands were extracted and the thoracic cavity opened. All the lymph nodes were examined after clearing. The success rate of the colorations of lymph nodes and lymph vessels was 91.8%. Out of the 100 observed mammary chains, the two intermediate mammary glands (T2, A1) may drain caudally to the superficial inguinal lymph center and/or cranially to the axillary lymph center. The T1 gland always drains exclusively cranially and A2 exclusively caudally. The two mammary glands (T1 and A1) often drain towards the sternal cranial lymph nodes, but 100% of the T2 drain towards it. This research assumes that the limit between the two directions of drainage can exist only between glands T2 and A1. The results obtained with the study of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th mammary glands permit production of new and more complete data of functional significance that will eventually aid block dissection surgical technique in the removal of malignant tumors in cats.     

三种蚤生殖系统发育的细微结构:雌性生殖腺的发育

本文研究的缓慢细蚤Leptopsylla segnis (Schonherr,1811),不等单蚤Monopsyllus anisus (Rotbschild,1907)和猫栉首蚤指名亚种Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouchè,1835)均采自贵阳市区,鼠、猫宿主体上。通过饲养与繁殖,制作从三龄幼虫至成虫成熟各发育时间的连续切片。预察了各发育时间生殖腺发育的内部结构变化,依据卵巢芽的发育、分化,末端最大卵母细胞形态和大小的变化,卵泡上皮细胞形态和大小的变化,卵泡间组织的出现,卵黄的产生、积累及卵壳物质的分泌等,将雌性生殖腺的发育分为四期10个阶段,并对雌性生殖腺发育内部结构的变化,雌蚤卵黄沉淀初期的“空位现象”等进行了分析析和讨论。     

Induction of natural killer cell activity in mice by injection of indomethacin

The natural killer (NK) cell system of mice in the peritoneal cavity is of very low to undetectable activity, and testing peritoneal NK cells is a useful model to study the influence of activating substances upon local injection. Injection of indomethacin at doses of 100-400 micrograms/mouse caused a marked activation of NK cell activity which was maximal at 3 days and lasted for a total of 6 days. A similar albeit less marked effect was observed with other cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as aspirin. Prostaglandin E2 reversed the activation of NK cells induced by injection of indomethacin. The cellular count of the peritoneal population was 2-fold elevated after indomethacin injection but the percentage of macrophages in the washed-out cell population was decreased from 60% (controls) to around 20%. The NK cell nature of the effector cells activated by indomethacin was substantiated by the finding that previous injection of anti-asialo GM1 antibody prevented activation. Interferon could not be detected in the peritoneal wash fluid after injection of indomethacin, suggesting interferon-independent activation. However, the possibility of small interferon quantities being locally produced could not be excluded. In further experiments we found after intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin not only cells that killed YAC-1 targets in a 4-hour assay but also killer cells that were insensitive to anti-asialo GM1 and killed P815 cells in an 18-hour assay. We assumed that these were macrophages and have done further experiments with in vitro grown bone-marrow-derived macrophages. These could be activated for killing of P815 targets by the addition of indomethacin, but (to a lesser degree) also for killing of YAC-1 lymphoma cells.     

睾丸注射法制备携带山羊H-FABP基因的转基因小鼠

为探究睾丸注射法制备转基因动物的可能性,文章将携带有山羊心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)和绿色荧光蛋白标签的重组载体经脂质体包裹后随机打点注射小鼠睾丸。对实验小鼠进行睾丸切片、精子荧光检测以及精子DNA检测,证实外源基因在亲代小鼠体内成功表达。睾丸注射后小鼠与正常母鼠交配产生的F1代,以及F1代自交产生的F2代在不同水平均可检测到外源基因的成功表达,阳性率分别为4%和30.23%。研究结果说明睾丸注射是一种制备转基因动物行之有效的方法,且外源基因可以稳定遗传。该方法的完善和成熟对于动物转基因以及动物性状改良和育种具有理论和实践意义。     

氢氧化钠瘤内注射通过抗血管生成作用抑制肝癌生长的机制研究

目的：研究氢氧化钠溶液瘤内注射对肝癌的生长抑制作用并探索其机制。方法：对SMMU-LTNM肝癌裸鼠皮下模型进行2%浓度的氢氧化钠溶液瘤内注射,检测肿瘤组织微血管密度、HIF-1α和VEGF的表达情况。结果：与生理盐水瘤内注射组相比,氢氧化钠显著抑制肿瘤生长（P〈0.01）、降低肿瘤微血管密度（P=0.01）、抑制肿瘤组织HIF-1α和VEGF的表达（P=0.02和P=0.01）。结论：氢氧化钠瘤内注射可有效抑制肝癌生长,主要机制可能是抗血管生成作用。