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1.
赣南钨矿区土壤重金属含量与植物富集特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对赣州大余县境内四大国有钨矿(西华山、荡坪、漂塘、下垄)的尾砂库区土壤和植物重金属含量进行了分析,结果表明:尾砂库区土壤受到重金属Zn、Cd、Mo、Cu、Pb与W的污染,而且Cd和Mo含量较高;在4个尾砂库区中,下垄矿区尾砂库的重金属污染比其他3个尾砂库严重.4个尾砂库区共出现了53种植物,隶属31科52属,这些植物重金属富集系数的高低顺序为Zn>Cd>Mo>Cu>Pb>W.另外,植物不同的耐性机制使它们对重金属的富集表现出不同特性,芒箕、龙葵、酸模等植物地上部富集较多重金属,可用于污染土壤的植物修复;乌毛蕨、梵天花和狗脊蕨等在根部富集较多重金属,可用于植物固化技术;狗尾草、鬼针草、白苏富集极少重金属,可作为矿区废弃地植被重建的先锋物种.  相似文献   

2.
铅锌矿区土壤和植物重金属污染调查分析   总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25  
对有色金属矿区土壤和植物重金属污染状况调查结果表明,由于遭受尾矿砂及矿毒水污染,矿区土壤极端贫瘠,土壤中Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu含量分别达764.74、4.10、372.75和95.57 mg.kg-1,重金属污染较为严重。在矿区周边有9种优势植物能够在污染土壤上定居,对Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn 4种重金属元素均有不同程度的积累,积累量均未达到超累积植物所规定的临界含量。其中的野菊花〔Dendranthema indicum(L.)Des Mou l.〕、旋鳞莎草〔Cyperusm ichelianus(L.)L ink〕、五节芒〔M iscanthus floridulus(Lab ill.)W arb.ex Schum.et Laut.〕3种植物地上部生物量较大且对某些重金属向地上部转运能力较强,对重金属污染土壤有一定的修复潜力。  相似文献   

3.
重庆溶溪锰矿区土壤重金属污染评价及植物吸收特征   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
黄小娟  江长胜  郝庆菊 《生态学报》2014,34(15):4201-4211
对重庆溶溪锰矿尾渣堆积区土壤、优势植物以及周边农田土壤的重金属含量(Mn、Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb)进行测定分析,并以重庆市土壤背景值为评价标准,应用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对土壤中重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明:该锰矿尾渣堆积区土壤中Mn、Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb的平均含量分别为48382.5、3.91、79.97、131.23和80.68 mg/kg,受到Mn、Cd的严重污染,Mn为强或很强生态危害,Cd为极强生态危害,而Cu、Zn、Pb为轻微生态危害,各尾矿渣堆积区的综合潜在生态危害指数(RI)均远大于720,为极强生态危害。对优势植物重金属含量的分析显示,绝大部分植物地上部Mn、Cd含量都超出正常范围的上限值,而Cu、Zn和Pb含量基本都在正常范围内;根据植物对重金属的吸收特征,将植物分为三类:将重金属主要累积于地上部分的富集型,如垂序商陆(Phytolacca americana L.)和酸模叶蓼(Polygonum lapathifolium Linn.),适用于重金属复合污染土壤的植物修复;将重金属主要累积于根部的根部囤积型,如芒(Miscanthus sinensis Anderss.)和乌蕨(Stenoloma chusanum Ching);重金属含量较低的规避型,如黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)、长波叶山蚂蝗(Desmodium sequax Wall.)及钻形紫苑(Aster subulatus Michx.);后两种类型的植物可种植在重金属污染严重且使用价值相对较低的矿山废弃地上,同时规避型植物对于研究植物的重金属排斥机理具有重要价值。溶溪锰矿区周边农田土壤主要受到Cd的严重污染,Cd为很强或极强生态危害。  相似文献   

4.
王新帅  林华  俞果  蒋萍萍  刘杰 《广西植物》2022,42(7):1160-1169
为探究桂北某典型锰矿尾库区周边土壤和农作物重金属污染状况,筛选适合该地区污染土壤修复的植物材料,该研究在矿区周边采集了9种农作物和23种主要植物及其根际土壤,并测定了Cd、Mn、Cr、Pb和Zn 5种重金属含量,采用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法评价了矿区农田土壤、农作物中重金属的生态风险,通过计算植物对重金属的富集和转运系数评估其应用潜力。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤Cd、Mn污染最为严重,单因子污染指数分别为18.53、147.09,达到重度污染级别。(2)研究区花生和小白菜等作物可食用部位中的Cd、Cr、Pb含量均超过食品国家安全标准(GB 2762—2017)中的阈值,具有较高健康风险。(3)23种主要植物中青葙、鬼针草、一点红、蜈蚣草等对多种重金属转运系数大于1,具备富集型植物特征; 一把伞南星、蓖麻、千里光等根部重金属含量较高,转运系数较低,具备根部囤积型植物特征; 响铃豆、筒轴茅、苣荬菜等富集的重金属含量相对较低,且在重金属污染土壤中能健康生长,具备规避型植物特征。该研究结果表明,研究区土壤存在较严重的Cd/Mn复合污染,青葙等植物用于修复该复合污染土壤极具应用潜力。  相似文献   

5.
攀钢冶炼渣堆土壤与优势植物的重金属含量   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
魏敏  刘新  陈朝琼  余小平  彭晓莉 《生态学报》2008,28(6):2931-2931~2936
采用原子吸收分光光度法测定攀钢西渣场冶炼渣堆土壤和6科12种优势植物中Mn、Pb、 Ni、 Cu、Cd等5种重金属含量,并计算优势植物对重金属的富积系数和转移系数.结果表明:渣堆土壤中重金属含量Mn最高(3869.14 mg/kg),次后顺序为Pb>Ni>Cu>Cd;植物与土壤的重金属分布基本一致;所测优势植物中,多数植物对重金属的富积系数较低,而转移系数却较高,如天名精对Cu的转移系数为5.1,羽芒菊对Pb转移系数为3.3,五月艾对Cd的转移系数为6.0,其中8种植物(天名精、羽芒菊等)对Mn的转移系数均大于1.该结果为重金属污染土壤的植物修复提供了参考物种,同时也为植物重金属耐受机制的研究提供了筛选对象.  相似文献   

6.
利用能源植物治理土壤重金属污染   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
随着工农业的发展,土壤重金属污染日益加剧,严重威胁着粮食生产和人类健康。植物修复因其成本低、环境友好以及可大规模原位修复等优点备受关注,成为近年来迅速发展的重金属污染土壤治理技术。在介绍国内外植物修复技术发展与应用现状的基础上,提倡大力发展能源植物修复重金属污染土地,并结合湖南重金属污染田间试验结果,重点对甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor(Linn.)Moench)用于重金属污染土壤修复的优势、可行性及提高修复效率的措施进行了深入分析与探讨。利用甜高粱治理土壤重金属污染,能将土壤修复与生物能源生产有机结合,使重金属从粮食链转入能源链,同时兼顾了生态和经济效益,具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

7.
为探讨铅锌矿废弃地优势植物在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的应用潜力,利用野外采样分析法,从粤东梅县丙村铅锌尾矿区采集其三种优势植物类芦、黄荆、盐肤木的根、茎、叶和土壤样品,测定和分析Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd四种重金属含量.结果表明:该矿区土壤污染严重,Pb、Zn、Cd含量远超土壤环境质量的三级标准,Cu超出二级标准;根际土壤和非根际土壤重金属含量均为Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd,但根际土壤的重金属含量显著低于非根际土壤;这三种植物对Pb、Zn、Cu的转移系数大于1.0,对Cu的富集系数最高,Pb最小,但对四种重金属的富集系数均小于1.0,均未达到超富集植物临界含量标准.三种植物为该矿区的优势植物,说明它们对土壤的重金属污染有很强的耐性,虽然并非典型的超富集植物,但对污染土壤仍有较好的修复效果.  相似文献   

8.
从梅州丙村铅锌尾矿区近污水排放区采集了土壤与四种优势植物样品,分别测定和分析了Zn、Pb、Ni、Cu、Cr、Cd、Mn七种重金属含量。结果表明,该矿区土壤污染严重且为强酸性。Cd、Pb、Zn、Mn、Cu的污染指数均大于3,且综合污染指数为319.16,Zn、Pb、Cd均超出国家土壤环境质量(GB15618-1995)的二级标准,也远超过广东土壤背景值,有很大的潜在生态风险,重金属单因子生态风险指数大小排序为CdPbZnMnCuNiCr。两歧飘拂草(Fimbristylis dichotoma)、细辐射枝藨草(Scirpus filipes)、多枝扁莎(Pycreus polystachyus)地下部分的Pb含量均超过超富集植物临界含量标准,因此这三种植物有作为Pb富集植物的潜力。贝壳叶荸荠(Heleocharis chaetaria)对镍的富集系数超过1,细辐射枝藨草对Mn的转移系数大于1。这四种植物对土壤的重金属污染有很强的耐性,与非矿区土壤中生长相比,长势并无显著差异,且地下部分重金属含量都很高,说明对它们土壤中的重金属有一定的固定作用,可作为这些区域植被恢复的先锋植物。  相似文献   

9.
高砷区植物的生态与化学特征   总被引:51,自引:1,他引:50       下载免费PDF全文
 土壤砷污染是一种十分严重的环境问题,但目前尚无经济有效的治理方法。利用各种重金属的耐性与富集植物修复重金属污染土壤是当前的研究热点。通过对两个中国典型的砷矿区(炼砷区)土壤与植物的系统调查与采样分析,发现若干种植物对砷具有极强的耐性和不同程度的富集能力。砷在不同植物中的含量分别为:蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata)羽片1 600 mg·kg-1 DW,剑叶凤尾蕨(Pteris ensiformis)地上部1 230 mg·kg-1 DW,酸模(Rumex acetosa)地上部 440 mg·kg-1  相似文献   

10.
为探讨矿区优势植物粽叶芦(Thysanolaenalatifolia)、类芦(Neyraudiareynaudian)和芒草(Miscanthussinensis)的抗重金属污染能力及生态恢复潜力,对生长在铅镉污染土壤中3种植物的生理指标和重金属含量进行了测定。结果表明,同一铅、镉污染水平下3种植物的过氧化物酶活性和脯氨酸含量为芒草类芦粽叶芦,丙二醛含量为芒草粽叶芦类芦;芒草中的铅、镉含量最高、富集系数最大。3种植物抗铅镉能力为芒草类芦粽叶芦,芒草对重金属污染的耐受性最强。因此,在矿区土壤植被恢复时,芒草可作为备选植物之一。  相似文献   

11.
Cd and Pb contents in soil, plants, and two grasshopper species (Locusta migratoria manilensis and Acrida chinensis) were examined to quantify the influence ranges of zinc smelting on heavy metal contamination. Samples were collected simultaneously from Huludao City, a chemical and nonferrous smelting base in Northeast China. Cd and Pb contamination in soil and plants were serious. Cd and Pb contents were 13.32 and 8.83 mg/kg in L. migratoria manilensis and 16.67 and 15.00 mg/kg in A. chinensis, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated the same metal source for Cd and Pb in soil, plants, and grasshoppers. Cd and Pb contents in soil, plants, and grasshoppers were all significantly related to distances far from the zinc smelter in good negative logarithm model. The fitting curves indicated that the influence radius of the smelter on heavy metal contamination was about 4,000 m for soil and plants and about 2,000 m for grasshoppers.  相似文献   

12.
Mining is an important source of metal pollution in the environment and abandoned mines are extremely restricted habitats for plants. Some plant species growing on metalliferous soils around mine tailings and spoil-heaps are metal-tolerant and accumulate high concentrations of metals. In this investigation, we aimed to perform a research in the CMC-abandoned copper mining area in Lefke-North Cyprus to assess the recent metal pollution in soil and plant systems. We collected 16 soil samples and 25 plant species from 8 localities around the vicinity of tailing ponds. Some concentrations of metals in soil samples varied from 185 to 1023 mg kg?1 Cu, 15.2 to 59.2 mg kg?1 Ni, 2.3 to 73.6 mg kg?1 Cd and metals for plants ranged from 0.135 to 283 mg kg?1 Cu, 0.26 to 31.2 mg kg?1 Ni, 0.143 to 277 mg kg?1 Cd. Atriplex semibaccata, Acacia cyanophylla, Erodium spp., Inula viscosa, Juncus sp., Oxalis pes-caprea, Pistacia lentiscus, Senecio vulgaris and Tragopogon sinuatus accumulated higher concentrations. BCF for Atriplex semibaccata was found very high, for this reason this plant can tentatively be considered as a hyperaccumulator of Cu and Cd, but it needs further investigation for its potential in phytoremediation.  相似文献   

13.
Mine tailings can have a specific assemblage of plant species due to their unique physicochemical properties, and this process can be important in developing ecological theory and restoration practice. Physicochemical properties and natural colonization of plants on five lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailings in southern China were investigated. The tailings studied included Fankou and Lechang in Guangdong Province, and Huangshaping, Shuikoushan, and Taolin in Hunan Province. Physicochemical properties of the tailings varied greatly both among and within tailings ponds, but in general, all contained high concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) and low concentrations of N, P, and organic matter. Toxic levels of heavy metals and deficiency of major nutrients appeared to be the major constraints for colonization of plants on these Pb/Zn tailings and were reflected in the metal concentration of the plant tissues. The natural colonization of plants on these tailings was limited, with only some small patches distributed mainly on the edge of tailing ponds and even fewer patches on the center of the ponds. In total 54 plant species belonging to 51 genera and 24 families were recorded on the five tailings ponds, of which the 13 species belonging to Gramineae were major components of the tailings’ flora. Species establishing on the tailings at the initial colonization phase greatly depended on their seed‐dispersal capacity. Further establishment and growth were then dependent on at least one of the three ecological strategies: (1) microsite (avoidance) strategy: plant establishment on tailings depended on dispersing onto microsites of relatively favorable edaphic conditions; (2) tolerance strategy: plant establishment was a result of evolving metal‐tolerant ecotypes or constitutional metal tolerance; and (3) rhizome strategy: plant establishment on tailings depended on clonal growth by rhizomatous extension.  相似文献   

14.
H. Sieghardt 《Plant and Soil》1990,123(1):107-111
Plant and soil samples from a mining area in Carinthia (Austria) were investigated for their heavy metal content. In the soil surrounding roots of plants (Minuartia verna and Silene vulgaris) growing on the mining dumps, high concentrations of lead and zinc are to be expected. The two species (Minuartia and Silene) show very different heavy metal concentrations in their above- and belowground organs. From these observations it can be concluded that the divergent distribution of heavy metals within the plants is an important mechanism of tolerance to heavy metals.  相似文献   

15.
山东省部分水岸带土壤重金属含量及污染评价   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
为了解山东省水岸带土壤重金属的含量特征和污染状况,于2010年9月—10月采集了39个水岸带土壤样品,分析了土壤中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Hg的含量以及土壤的pH值、粒度和有机质,采用单因子指数法、综合指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对水岸带土壤重金属污染进行了评价,并利用相关分析和聚类分析对其来源进行了初步的解析。结果表明:水岸带土壤的pH值为5.67—8.66,主要呈碱性;有机质的平均含量为9.39 g/kg,土壤粒度主要以砂粒和粉粒为主,其平均体积百分比分别为50.33%和38.48%,平均粒径为89.69 μm;Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Hg的平均含量为53.03 mg/kg、10.33 mg/kg、24.96 mg/kg、18.38 mg/kg、56.13 mg/kg、0.142 mg/kg、22.48 mg/kg和0.020 mg/kg。各水岸带土壤重金属的含量均符合《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)二级标准。以山东省土壤元素背景值为评价标准,水岸带土壤重金属总体表现为轻度污染和轻微生态风险,其中Cd和Hg是主要的污染因子,其对潜在生态危害指数的平均贡献率分别为46.8% 和33.6%。洙赵新河、廖河、门楼水库和东平湖水岸带土壤重金属污染及潜在生态危害明显高于其他水源地。源解析的结果表明:水岸带土壤重金属的含量受自然源和人为源的双重影响,人为源主要包括地表径流、工业废气、垃圾和交通运输等。  相似文献   

16.
德兴铜矿尾矿重金属污染对土壤中微生物多样性的影响   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10  
【目的】为更好地了解重金属污染与微生物多样性之间的相互作用关系,以江西德兴铜矿4#尾砂库为研究对象,采集野外实地样品共16件进行分析(包括尾砂样品以及周围农田和菜地土壤样品)。【方法】一方面对样品中可培养异养细菌进行平板计数,一方面采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)对样品中可培养和不可培养微生物分子生态多样性进行研究;同时采用PCA(Principle component analysis)方法分析样品理化性质、重金属及主要元素与可培养细菌数量及微生物多样性之间的相互关系。【结果】元素分析结果表明该尾矿区样品受到不同程度重金属Cu、Cd、Zn、Ni、Pb和Cr的污染;可培养异养细菌在尾砂样品中数量最少,在菜地和农田土壤样品中有明显增加;多样性指数(Shannon-Weaver index H)计算结果发现H最大值出现在距离尾矿中等距离、重金属浓度在中等程度的样品中。PCA分析结果表明可培养异养菌数量与理化性质如有机碳、有机质、含水率等相关性较大,重金属影响不明显;而多样性指数H除与上述理化性质相关性较大外,还受到重金属Ag、Zn、As、Pb、Ni、Cr等的影响,而在样品中含量普遍比较高的重金属如Cu、Cd等并不成为影响微生物多样性的主要因素。【结论】从这些长期受重金属污染的野外实地样品来看,以上结果说明不同重金属浓度对微生物多样性的影响可能并不是实验室研究的简单的线性关系。  相似文献   

17.

Background

Phytoextraction is an environmentally acceptable and inexpensive technique for mine tailing rehabilitation that uses metallophyte plants. These plants reduce the soil trace metal contents to environmentally acceptable levels by accumulating trace metals. Recently, whether more trace metals can be removed by species-rich communities of these plants received great attention, as species richness has been reported having positive effects on ecosystem functions. However, how the species richness affects trace metals removal of plant communities of mine tailing is rarely known.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We examined the effects of species richness on soil trace metal removal in both natural and experimental plant communities. The root lengths and stem heights of each plant species were measured in order to calculate the functional diversity indices. Our results showed that trace metal (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) concentrations in mine tailing soil declined as species richness increased in both the natural and experimental plant communities. Species richness, rather than functional diversity, positively affected the mineralomass of the experimental plant communities. The intensity of plant-plant facilitation increased with the species richness of experimental communities. Due to the incremental role of plant-plant facilitation, most of the species had higher biomasses, higher trace metal concentrations in their plant tissues and lower malondialdehyde concentrations in their leaves. Consequently, the positive effects of species richness on mineralomass were mostly attributable to facilitation among plants.

Conclusions/Significance

Our results provide clear evidence that, due to plant-plant facilitation, species richness positively affects the removal of trace metals from mine tailing soil through phytoextraction and provides further information on diversity conservation and environmental remediation in a mine tailing environment.  相似文献   

18.
The heavy metal pollution of sediment in the Nhue River, which receives wastewater from the To Lich and Kim Nguu River system, was investigated together with the effects of use of this water for irrigation of the surrounding farmland. Eighty soil samples and 40 sediment samples were collected from six locations in the Nhue River and two locations in the To Lich River for chemical and physical analyses. The results showed that the sediments in the Nhue River are heavily polluted by metals (71–420 mg/kg for Cu, 77–433 mg/kg for Pb, 150–350 mg/kg for Zn, 0.7–8.7 mg/kg for Cd, 80– 583 mg/kg for Cr, and 32–70 mg/kg for Ni). There were positive correlations between heavy metal concentration and both clay and organic matter contents in the sediment samples. The concentrations of all metals in soil samples were much higher than the background levels in the farmland, Cd, Cu, and Pb, exceeding Vietnamese standards for agricultural grounds.  相似文献   

19.
董艺婷  崔岩山  王庆仁 《生态学报》2003,23(5):1018-1024
为了进一步研究镉、锌、铅 3种重金属元素间的相互作用以及对植物吸收重金属能力的影响 ,在模拟单一重金属污染试验研究的基础上 ,采用正交回归设计方案 ,研究了 Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染情况下紫花苜蓿和披碱草两种敏感性植物对 3种重金属的吸收效应。结果表明 ,在单一污染条件下 ,镉元素对紫花苜蓿生长的影响大于锌、铅 ,铅元素对披碱草生长的影响大于锌、镉 ;紫花苜蓿对于镉的吸收累积显著高于披碱草 ,植物内镉元素浓度最高达到 1 0 88.5 mg/kg,而披碱草对于铅元素的吸收则高于紫花苜蓿 ,植物内铅元素浓度最高达到 1 3 4 5 .5 mg/kg。在复合污染条件下 ,两种植物对铅、锌和铅、镉的吸收在不同浓度范围内分别存在存在着协同效应和拮抗效应 ;同时两种植物对锌、镉元素在实验涉及浓度范围内都存在着拮抗效应。这对于深入研究复合污染条件下重金属的土壤环境化学行为 ,对植物的综合毒性以及不同植物对重金属的吸收累积效应等 ,具有一定的参考意义  相似文献   

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