大别山白及多糖制备及其吸湿保湿性能研究

目的：研究大别山白及多糖的吸湿和保湿性能。方法：以大别山紫花三叉白及为实验原料，通过水提、Sevage法脱蛋白、乙醇沉淀的方法制备白及多糖，通过红外光谱分析其结构；应用干燥器控制湿度对白及多糖进行体外吸湿和保湿性能研究。结果：白及多糖最优提取条件为：浸提1次，浸提时间1.5 h，固液比1:35 (g/mL)，浸提温度80℃；在此条件下进行验证实验，三次平行测定结果得到白及多糖得率为（26.22±0.32）%;Sevage法脱蛋白5次，多糖保留率约为85.42%，蛋白脱除率约为91.66%。红外光谱分析表明脱蛋白白及多糖结构可能含有α-类型和β-类型糖苷键，或存在β-D-型吡喃甘露糖。在相对湿度为43%和81%的环境下，吸湿能力为丙三醇>白及多糖>壳聚糖>透明质酸>海藻酸钠；体外的保湿能力为壳聚糖>白及多糖>透明质酸>海藻酸钠>丙三醇。结论：白及经过水提、Sevage法脱蛋白、乙醇沉淀制备的大别山白及多糖具有优越的吸湿保湿性能，为其在护肤产品方面的进一步开发利用提供科学合理的依据，也为增加大别山白及产品的附加值提供基础性实验研究。     

霍山石斛多糖吸湿保湿性能及皮肤刺激性研究

为探讨霍山石斛多糖吸湿保湿性能及皮肤刺激性,应用干燥器控制湿度对霍山石斛多糖进行体外吸湿(43%、81%)和保湿性能研究,应用皮肤水分测定仪对霍山石斛多糖进行人体皮肤保湿性能研究,应用家兔正常皮肤和破损皮肤进行霍山石斛多糖皮肤刺激性研究。结果显示:霍山石斛多糖体外吸湿率随环境湿度的升高而升高,相对湿度43%、81%的吸湿率强弱为丙三醇霍山石斛多糖壳聚糖海藻酸钠;体外的保湿强弱为壳聚糖霍山石斛多糖海藻酸钠丙三醇,霍山石斛多糖在涂抹后6、8、12 h的人体皮肤保湿率显著高于丙三醇保湿率,12 h显著高于海藻酸钠保湿率,与壳聚糖保湿率无显著性差异;家兔正常皮肤及破损皮肤刺激值小于0. 5。表明霍山石斛多糖具有一定的吸湿保湿性能,且无皮肤刺激性,具有开发为天然保湿剂的潜能。     

霍山石斛多糖吸湿保湿性能及皮肤刺激性研究北大核心CSCD

为探讨霍山石斛多糖吸湿保湿性能及皮肤刺激性,应用干燥器控制湿度对霍山石斛多糖进行体外吸湿(43%、81%)和保湿性能研究,应用皮肤水分测定仪对霍山石斛多糖进行人体皮肤保湿性能研究,应用家兔正常皮肤和破损皮肤进行霍山石斛多糖皮肤刺激性研究。结果显示:霍山石斛多糖体外吸湿率随环境湿度的升高而升高,相对湿度43%、81%的吸湿率强弱为丙三醇>霍山石斛多糖>壳聚糖>海藻酸钠;体外的保湿强弱为壳聚糖>霍山石斛多糖>海藻酸钠>丙三醇,霍山石斛多糖在涂抹后6、8、12 h的人体皮肤保湿率显著高于丙三醇保湿率,12 h显著高于海藻酸钠保湿率,与壳聚糖保湿率无显著性差异;家兔正常皮肤及破损皮肤刺激值小于0. 5。表明霍山石斛多糖具有一定的吸湿保湿性能,且无皮肤刺激性,具有开发为天然保湿剂的潜能。     

画眉草多糖提取及其保湿性能研究

本文以脱脂画眉草为原料,用纤维素酶超声辅助法提取多糖;经脱蛋白、脱色、DEAE-纤维素分离纯化,得到3种多糖TPS1、TPS2、TPS3,提取率分别为0.42％、0.66％、0.54％.通过高效凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC)分析,3种多糖的分子量分别为7886 Da、8467 Da、6366 Da;高效离子色谱(HPIC)测得TPS1组成单糖为果糖,TPS2、TPS3组成单糖为阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、果糖、核糖和一种未知糖.对多糖TPS2的保湿和吸湿性研究结果表明TPS2的保湿和吸湿能力均优于常用保湿剂甘油、聚乙二醇400、1,3-丁二醇、壳聚糖.     

海萝藻中MAAs吸湿保湿效果分析

类菌胞素氨基酸(MAAs)是一类具有强紫外吸收能力的水溶性氨基酸类物质。本文为研究海萝藻中MAAs的吸湿、保湿性能,采用体外环境保湿测试方法对海萝藻MAAs、丙三醇、透明质酸进行吸湿保湿率测定,对添加不同浓度的海萝藻MAAs浓缩液的爽肤水与乳液进行保湿率测试与吸光度测试。结果表明,海萝藻MAAs的总体吸湿与保湿能力比透明质酸强,但略低于丙三醇;保湿时间长,海萝藻MAAs经过72 h的检测仍表现出比丙三醇和透明质酸高的保湿率;皮肤测试证明添加了60%海萝藻MAAs浓缩液的爽肤水具有最优的保湿效果,经过3 h测试,皮肤含水量较空白区域可提高23.29 c.u.,添加了5%~20%的海萝藻MAAs浓缩液的乳液能显著提高乳液的吸光度值,且添加量越大,吸光值越大。     

黄精多糖提取工艺优化及其吸湿、保湿性能研究

目的：优化黄精多糖提取工艺,并研究其吸湿保湿性能、探索其护肤功能。方法：采用热回流法结合正交进行黄精多糖提取工艺优化;以黄精多糖为实验对象,采用重量法进行吸湿性（相对湿度分别为43%和81%）、保湿性试验,并对吸湿曲线进行模型拟合;将黄精多糖添加到市售面霜中进行皮肤水分测试。结果：实验表明黄精多糖最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶25 (g/mL),提取时间是150 min,提取次数为1次;黄精多糖在不同相对湿度下的吸湿均符合双指数模型;置于干硅胶环境下48 h,黄精多糖保湿率为14.00%。结论：黄精多糖具有良好的保湿性,在护肤品开发中具有一定的应用价值。     

响应面优化裂褶菌多糖酶解工艺及抑菌研究

探索了裂褶菌多糖酶解法提取工艺及酶解产物抑菌的作用。分别从p H、酶解时间、酶解温度和加酶量4个因素考察了对裂褶菌多糖提取率的影响,通过响应面分析进行裂褶菌多糖提取工艺条件的优化。结果表明,在液体果胶酶p H为5.5、酶解时间1.2h、酶解温度50℃、加酶量1%时裂褶菌多糖提取率达54.76%;以大肠杆菌、假单胞菌为供试菌株,通过抑制率来反映其抑菌效果,结果表明裂褶菌多糖对大肠杆菌、假单胞菌有一定的抑制作用。     

裂褶菌多糖的固体发酵与纯化

[目的]为探讨裂褶菌多糖的两种固体发酵方法及其大孔树脂纯化。[方法]设计了以玉米、大米为基料的两种固体发酵培养基培养裂褶菌,通过热水提取法(料液比1∶30,80℃,12 h)提取裂褶菌多糖,并采用动态吸附实验筛选盐类、核酸、蛋白质、色素吸附率最高的大孔树脂。[结果]28℃培养35 d,裂褶菌在米饭固体培养基(RSM)生长深度近20%,在玉米固体培养基(CSM)的生长深度达到100%;玉米发酵物、米饭发酵物的裂褶菌多糖提取率分别为4.8%、5.9%(以发酵物湿重计);在上样流速3 BV/h(1 BV=2 L)、上样体积10 L条件下,6种型号的大孔树脂中,树脂SA-210纯化效果最佳,盐类、核酸、蛋白质等杂质的吸附率分别为84.18%、98.02%、96.81%。[结论]裂褶菌在CSM生长深度是在RSM上的5倍,玉米固体培养基比米饭固体培养基更适合裂褶菌的生长;树脂SA-210对盐类、核酸、蛋白质等杂质具有较强吸附能力,吸附率均高于80%,且吸附效果稳定,适用于裂褶菌多糖的纯化。     

正交设计优化裂褶菌发酵全液多糖提取工艺

采用正交设计试验方法进行了裂褶菌发酵全液中裂褶菌多糖的提取工艺优化的研究。结果表明:影响多糖提取的因素依次是料水比>浸提温度>浸提时间,三个因素的最佳组合是A4B2C3,即料水比为1∶3,浸提温度为80℃,浸提时间为4 h。在此条件下,发酵全液中多糖的最大得率达到3.65 g/L。     

裂蹄木层孔菌多糖的提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

以多糖提取率为检测指标,采用水提醇沉法提取裂蹄木层孔菌多糖。正交实验考察提取温度、提取时间和料液比对多糖提取率的影响。结果显示,提取温度和料液比对多糖提取率有显著性影响,提取时间对多糖提取率无显著性影响。最佳提取工艺为提取温度80℃、提取时间2 h、料液比1∶40(g/m L)。在此条件下,多糖平均提取率为3.20%。选用终体积分数70%的乙醇沉淀多糖12 h时,多糖得率最高。体外抗氧化活性实验结果显示,裂蹄木层孔菌多糖的总抗氧化能力、清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的能力在实验范围内随着多糖质量浓度的增加而增强。裂蹄木层孔菌多糖是一种具有抗氧化功能的药用真菌多糖。     

一次性氧气湿化瓶与重复使用湿化瓶应用的对比观察

目的：检测一次性氧气湿化瓶与重复使用湿化瓶用后细菌污染的程度和患者对噪音感受的舒适程度,对比两者的成本效益。方法：随机选出心内科病房内持续吸氧时间超过10天的患者100名,以随机分组的方法分出A组50名、B组50名。A组使用一次性氧气湿化瓶,B组使用重复使用的氧气湿化瓶。按照《医疗卫生机构消毒技术规范》进行采样后送微生物检验室进行病原学检验;同时对两组患者进行噪音感受舒适度的调查;根据使用的氧气湿化瓶成本费用、氧气湿化用灭菌注射用水的价格、含氯消毒剂健之素的费用计算成本。结果：50只一次性氧气湿化瓶使用时间120小时（5天）,微生物学检测未发现致病菌,成本费用9-3元／日,患者噪音感受舒适度满意度调查结果为100％;重复使用氧气湿化瓶使用24小时染茵率28％,成本费用9．6元／日,患者噪音感受舒适度满意度调查结果为60％。结论：使用合格的一次性氧气湿化瓶,在患者费用不会增加的前提下,减少了医院感染机会,增加了患者的舒适度,值得推广使用。     

土壤水分含量的理论分析及预测模型

本文应用物理学中的电介质和电磁理论,分析和研究土壤的组成成分,得到了反映土壤水分含量的理论表达式,并在自行研制的测试仪器上,对相关变量进行测量,由此建立了土壤水分含量的预测模型,统计检验和国代结果显示了理论模型和预测模型的合理性．     

Moisture dynamics and fungal susceptibility of plywood

Engineered wood products are widely used in construction and transportation. Plywood has one of the best physical and mechanical properties for application under moist conditions in use class 3, i.e. exterior exposure without ground contact. Yet a profound knowledge of their moisture dynamics and fungal susceptibility is a prerequisite for proper use. In this paper the results of more than two years of continuous recording of the moisture content of different plywood types in exterior exposure is presented. Clear differences concerning moisture dynamics are apparent regarding wood species, glue type, and veneer thickness. X-ray tomography scans literally offer insight into the weathering state of the veneer layers and glue lines. Fungal susceptibility of the samples relates primarily to wood species and glue type. Furthermore, edge-sealing for fungal testing is necessary to represent in-service situations and yields distinct differences compared to non-sealed test results. There seems to be a relationship between the accumulated moisture content and layered structure of the plywood, but an unequivocal link with fungal decay is not straightforward.     

鬼针草属六种植物水分灰分和浸出物含量测定

目的:建立鬼针草属六种植物的质量标准。方法:按《中国药典》2010年版Ⅰ部附录ⅨH中水分测定法、ⅨK中灰分测定法和附录XA中浸出物测定法测定。结果:鬼针草属6种植物水分、灰分、浸出物含量差异显著。结论:方法简单、快速,为鬼针草资源开发、质量控制提供参考。     

Lead Retention by Soils at Field Moisture Contents

The majority of studies pertaining to lead retention by clays and soils have examined the mechanisms, kinetics, and adsorption isotherms using the batch experiment technique that employs solid: water extracts of 1:10 and 1:20. Field soil deposits generally have much lower gravimetric water content ranging between 9 and 45%. Given the wide disparity in the solids: water ratio employed in the batch experiment technique and that prevailing in field deposits, this paper examines the lead retention characteristics of soils at field moisture contents (6%, 13%, and 25%) using artificially lead-contaminated soil specimens. A residually derived (i.e., formed by in-situ weathering of parent rock) red soil was used to prepare the artificially contaminated soil specimens. The impact of variations in clay content on lead retention was examined by diluting the residual soil with various amounts (0 to 60%) of river sand. Soil specimens remolded at 6 and 13% moisture contents produced very stiff to hard soils on compaction, while specimens remolded at 25% moisture content existed in the slurry state. The soil specimens were contaminated with low (30 mg/kg) to high (2500 mg/kg) concentrations of lead ions by remolding them with 160 ppm to 10,000 ppm ionic lead solutions. Lead retention by soils at field moisture contents was determined by extracting the lead from the soil using a water leach test. Experimental results showed that the bulk (71 to 99%) of the added lead was retained by the soil in insoluble form at the field moisture content. Correlations between the amount of lead retained and soil/solution parameters indicated that the amounts of Pb retained at field moisture content is a function of the initial Pb addition, total sand content, effective clay porosity, and soil pH.     

Effect of Watering and Soil Moisture on Mercury Emissions from Soils

This paper presents data from experiments that measured Mercury (Hg) flux as a function of water addition and subsequent soil drying, and maintenance of soil water content over time utilizing small dynamic gas exchange chambers and large mesocosms. When soil surfaces were dry and water was added at an amount less than that necessary to saturate the soil an immediate large (relative to dry soil flux) release of Hg occurred. Diel Hg emissions from soils, unenriched (0.02 μg g⁻¹) and enriched (3 μg g⁻¹) in Hg and wet below saturation, were significantly elevated above that occurring from dry soils (2–5 times depending on soil water content) for weeks to months. Enhancement of emissions from wet soils in direct sunlight were greater than that from soils shaded or in the dark suggesting that a synergism exists between soil moisture and light. When soils were watered to saturation Hg emissions were suppressed or remained the same depending on the degree of saturation. It is hypothesized that the addition of soil water in amounts less than that necessary to saturate the soil surface results in an immediate release of elemental Hg from soil surface as the more polar water molecule out competes Hg for binding sites. As the water moves into the soil, Hg adsorbed to soil particles is desorbed into soil gas and dissolved in the soil water. The process of evaporation facilitates movement of Hg as mass flow to the soil surface where it is made available for subsequent release. The latter is hypothesized to be an important process by which Hg is recharged at the soil–air interface.     

Using the Internal Stress Concept to Assess the Importance of Moisture Sorption-induced Swelling on the Moisture Transport through the Glassy HPMC Films

The purpose of this research was to elucidate the significance of the changes in the mechanical and the volumetric properties on the moisture diffusivity through the polymer films. The internal stress concept was adapted and applied to estimate the relative impact of these property changes on the total stress experienced by a polymer film during storage. Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose free films were used as a model material prepared at various conditions and stored at different relative humidities. The changes in the internal stress of these films due to the moisture sorption were studied. It was demonstrated that the stress-relaxation of the films increases at increasing moisture content. At the point when there is a definite loss of stress in the film, which is at moisture content higher than 6%, was shown to correlate with the significant increase of the moisture diffusivity. Further investigations revealed that the loss of stress is especially due to the swelling of the polymer rather than the changes in the inherent strain (the quotient between the tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity) of the HPMC films. This implies that the impact of the moisture sorption on the diffusivity is predominantly via volume addition rather than via altering the mechanical properties. Additionally, the approach presented here also brings up a new application of the internal stress concept, which in essence suggests the possibility to estimate the diffusion coefficient from the sorption isotherm and the mechanical analysis data.     

含水量对种子贮藏寿命的影响

建立以收集种子为主体的基因库乃是当今保护植物种质资源最为普遍且可靠易行的方式,在世界库存约 61 0 0 0 0 0份种质资源中,近 90 %是以种子形式保存于约 1 30 0个基因库中。低温贮藏仍是目前基因库中种子种质保存的主要方法。种子含水量和贮藏温度是影响种子在贮藏期间生活力和活力保持的关键因素。传统的经验认为控制温度比控制水分来得安全有效,因而趋向于向低温或超低温的贮藏方向发展。国际植物遗传资源研究所（ＩＰＧＲＩ）曾推荐 5%～ 6%的含水量和 - 1 8～- 2 0℃低温作为各国长期保存种子的理想条件。目前,世界各国都把更多的…     

Moisture distribution and texture of spaghetti rehydrated under different conditions

Dried spaghetti was rehydrated to its optimal cooking state, known as al dente, at 60, 80, and 100 °C, in distilled water or 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 mol/L sodium chloride solutions. Then, the moisture distributions and stress–strain curves were examined to identify the major factors governing the texture of rehydrated spaghetti. The difference in moisture content between the inner and peripheral regions of rehydrated spaghetti and its breaking stress were greater at higher rehydration temperatures; however, rehydration temperature did not affect breaking strain. The sodium chloride concentration of the immersion solution did not affect moisture distribution or breaking stress, while breaking strain was decreased by rehydration at higher sodium chloride concentrations. The results obtained in this study suggest that moisture distribution within spaghetti and its material properties govern its breaking stress and strain, respectively.     

土壤水分对高山红景天生长和红景天甙含量的影响

温室中3种土壤水分条件(土壤相对含水量分别为35％～55％、55％～75％和75％～95％)下,以55％～75％土壤相对含水量上生长的高山红景天的株高、生物量、红景天甙含量和产量最高。