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小麦与高冰草(长穗偃麦草)体细胞杂种株系与其亲本幼苗抗盐 … 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
利用不同浓度NaCl处理高冰草、小麦、小麦和高冰草体细胞杂种F3代Ⅲ-1、Ⅱ-2的幼苗,5d后观察其形态,计算耐盐系数,测定生长量脯按酸含量,Na^+、K^+、Ca^+等生理指标。结果表明,高冰草具有典型耐盐单子叶植物的特征,。亲本小麦属非生植物,抗盐能力较弱,当NaCl浓度达0.5%时已有盐害影响,超过后迅速加重甚至死亡,而杂 受害的盐度比小麦高。1.0%以上NaCl浓度达0.5%时已有盐害影 相似文献
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钾抑制盐生植物生长的生理基础研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
盐生植物碱蓬中亚滨藜和补血草幼苗用不同浓度KCl和等渗的NaCl处理,结果表明,100-500和100-400mmol/LKCl对它们的有面士重和净光合率产生明显抑制作用,证明K^+可抑制盐生植物生长并与光合速率降低有关。100-400mmol/LKCl降低幼苗Na^+而增大K^+含量,对细胞渗透势和渗透调节能力基本不起作用,证明K^+抑制生长与植物体渗透调节物质Na^+不足以及高浓度的K^+对细 相似文献
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碱性盐胁迫下星星草幼苗中几种渗透调节物质的变化 总被引:27,自引:2,他引:25
模拟松嫩盐碱草地碱化土壤的离子组成配制碱性盐溶液处理星星草(Puccinelliatenuiflora)幼苗,测定了碱性盐胁迫下星星草幼苗地上部分几种渗透调节物质含量的变化,随着碱性协浓度及胁迫天数的增加,Na^+可溶性盐,游离脯氨酸和可淀粉糖的含量逐渐增加,其中游离脯氨酸的变化倍数最大,K^+含量在浓度小于20gL^-1碱性胁迫下随胁迫天数增加而略为减少,在40grL^-1和60gL^-1碱性胁 相似文献
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盐生植物是指能在离子浓度至少200 mmol/L以上的生境中生长并完成生活史的植物。盐生植物可分为稀盐盐生植物、泌盐盐生植物、拒盐盐生植物三类。本文从生长形态、生理和分子3个方面总结三类盐生植物响应盐胁迫的不同策略及研究进展,发现盐生植物在分子水平上主要通过Na+转运蛋白和为其提供能量的两类基因应对体内过高Na+,这可能是引起盐生植物生理和生长形态异于非盐生植物的重要因素。其中稀盐盐生植物主要通过液泡离子区隔化应对盐胁迫,并表现出肉质化生长形态;泌盐盐生植物通过将体内盐分排出体外应对盐胁迫,并进化出特有的生理结构——盐腺或盐囊泡;拒盐盐生植物通过将盐离子积累在皮层细胞液泡和根部木质部薄壁细胞中减少向上运输Na+,同时根部多栓质化减少Na+吸收。本综述旨在为今后研究盐生植物及其耐盐机制提供相关依据,为植物耐盐分子育种奠定基础。 相似文献
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盐腺是泌盐盐生植物抵御盐胁迫的重要表皮结构,泌盐盐生植物可以通过盐腺将体内多余的盐离子排出体外,从而避免盐胁迫。盐腺作为泌盐盐生植物实现高效抗盐的重要结构,在逆境生理、发育和进化等领域都引起了关注和讨论,集中在盐腺的超微结构、生理功能、泌盐机制以及发育模式等不同层面已有广泛的研究报道。本文综述了盐腺结构、分泌机制、盐腺发育的研究进展,总结了盐腺泌盐的可能途径以及盐腺发育的调控方式和关键基因,对未来盐腺泌盐和发育的研究提出了相关见解,讨论了盐腺这一独特形态学结构对于植物耐盐性的作用,并对提高植物耐盐性、培育耐盐品种提出了理论依据和建议,有利于深入解析植物耐盐适应演化、培育抗盐作物和高效利用盐碱地。 相似文献
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小麦耐盐细胞系耐盐性分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过一步筛选获得了耐盐(1.0%,NaCl)的小麦(Triticum aestivum)细胞系(Sr1),当SR1在含1.0%,NaCl的培养基上继代半年后,钭其中的一部分移入无盐培养基代10次,得到细胞系SR2。无论是在正常还是办迫条件下,SR1的鲜重增量/克鲜重、脯氨酸及可溶性蛋白含量均高于原始型(SN),而含水量均高于原始型(SN),而含水量、K^+及可溶性糖含量却低于SN。Na^+和Cl^ 相似文献
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测定了艾比湖湿地自然保护区3类盐生植物叶片的δ13C及叶片中主要生理指标,结果表明:所调查的3类盐生植物全部属于C3植物;3类盐生植物的δ13C平均值和水分利用效率差异不显著;在3类盐生植物中,稀盐型植物的吸收水分和叶片储水能力最强,而泌盐型植物对盐分胁迫的抗逆能力最大;水分的亏缺导致3种盐生植物叶片的δ13C值、叶片蛋白质、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量、硝态氮和硝酸还原酶等下降;盐分环境未对泌盐、拒盐类植物产生胁迫性影响,但对于稀盐型植物产生了影响。 相似文献
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盐胁迫下盐桦生理响应的变化分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对组织培养获得的盐桦(Belula halophila)苗在盐胁迫下的生理指标和解剖结构进行了分析,结果显示,随着盐浓度的增加,植物叶片相对含水量逐渐降低;脯氨酸(Pro)含量逐渐增加;叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性大小存在相关性,在50~200mmol/L盐胁迫下,植物的CAT活性是递增的,200mmol/LNaCl处理时达到最高,同时叶片MDA含量在50~200mmol/L盐处理时变化不明显;CAT活性在300mmol/LNaCl处理时突然降低,此时叶片MDA含量大;植物叶片和根的离子含量测定表明,在盐胁迫下K^+/Na^+比值逐渐降低,叶片中K^+含量始终高于Na^+含量;石蜡切片和扫描电镜发现盐桦茎、叶中有晶体状物质存在,通过X-ray分析表明这种晶体含有C,O,Ca元素,相关的细胞成分化学实验进一步确定其结晶体的成分。 相似文献
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从129株南极海冰细菌筛选到1株耐盐细菌NJ82, 该菌最适生长盐度是12%, 能够耐受最高盐度为18%。对该菌株进行16S rRNA基因序列的同源性和系统发育分析, 结果表明:菌株NJ82属于Pseudoalteromonas属。从总蛋白质、脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)含量及膜透性变化等方面对高盐的适应性进行初步探讨。结果表明, 当盐度介于3.3%~12.0%时, 随着盐度升高, 菌株的蛋白质和脯氨酸含量呈快速增加趋势, 而MDA含量和膜透性变化幅度不大; 随着盐度进一步升高, 蛋白质含量呈下降趋势, 脯氨酸变化幅度不大; 而MDA含量升高和膜透性变化都达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。这些重要生理参数的变化将有助于了解海冰细菌在高盐环境下的适应机制。 相似文献
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从129株南极海冰细菌筛选到1株耐盐细菌NJ82,该菌最适生长盐度是12%,能够耐受最高盐度为18%.对该菌株进行 16S rRNA 基因序列的同源性和系统发育分析,结果表明:菌株NJ82 属于 Pseudoalteromonas 属.从总蛋白质、脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)含量及膜透性变化等方面对高盐的适应性进行初步探讨.结果表明,当盐度介于3.3%~12.0%时,随着盐度升高,菌株的蛋白质和脯氨酸含量呈快速增加趋势,而 MDA 含量和膜透性变化幅度不大;随着盐度进一步升高,蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,脯氨酸变化幅度不大;而 MDA 含量升高和膜透性变化都达到极显著水平(P<0.01).这些重要生理参数的变化将有助于了解海冰细菌在高盐环境下的适应机制. 相似文献
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The Phylogenetic Association Between Salt Tolerance and Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulation in Angiosperms
Salt tolerance and heavy metal hyperaccumulation are two rare plant abilities that are heavily studied for their potential to contribute to agricultural sustainability and phytoremediation in response to anthropogenic environmental change. Several observations suggest that it is worth investigating the link between the abilities to tolerate high levels of soil salinity or accumulate more of a particular heavy metal from the soil than most plants. Firstly, several angiosperm families are known to contain both salt tolerant plants (halophytes) and heavy metal hyperaccumulators. Secondly, some halophytes can also accumulate heavy metals. Thirdly, although salinity tolerance and heavy metal hyperaccumulation typically require many physiological or anatomical changes, both have apparently evolved many times in angiosperms and among closely related species. We test for a significant relationship between halophytes and hyperaccumulators in angiosperms using taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. We test whether there are more angiosperm families with both halophytes and hyperaccumulators than expected by chance, and whether there are more species identified as both halophyte and hyperaccumulator than if the abilities were unconnected. We also test whether halophytes and hyperaccumulators are phylogenetically clustered among species in seven angiosperm families. We find a significant association between halophytes and hyperaccumulators among angiosperm families and that there are significantly more species identified as both halophytes and hyperaccumulators than expected. Halophytes and hyperaccumulators each show low phylogenetic clustering, suggesting these abilities can vary among closely related species. In Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae, halophytes and hyperaccumulators are more closely related than if the two traits evolved independently. 相似文献
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NaCl处理下两种补血草种子萌发和幼苗抗性的比较 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
用不同浓度的NaCl处理盐生植物黄花补血草和大叶补血草,研究其种子萌发和幼苗叶片中叶绿素和可溶性蛋白等各项生理指标的变化,分析比较这两种植物的耐盐性。结果表明,NaCl处理抑制两种补血草种子的萌发,此效应具有浓度依赖性,低浓度的NaCl促进黄花补血草根和大叶补血草茎叶的生长,高浓度的NaCl抑制两种补血草幼苗的生长;与对照比,50、150和300 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理后,两种补血草幼苗叶片的叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和叶绿素总量均减少,而H2O2和MDA含量却增加;低浓度的NaCl处理使两种补血草幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白含量增加,而高浓度的NaCl处理使其可溶性蛋白的含量降低。此外,相同浓度的NaCl处理对大叶补血草种子萌发、叶绿素含量等指标的抑制作用明显强于黄花补血草,且其MDA产生明显强于黄花补血草,这些表明黄花补血草可能比大叶补血草具有较强的耐盐性。 相似文献
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O. A. Rozentsvet V. N. Nesterov E. S. Bogdanova 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2017,64(4):464-477
Modern concepts on structural, physiological, and biochemical aspects of salt tolerance of higher plants were considered. Integral physiological processes, such as growth and photosynthesis of glycophytes and halophytes in the context of their ecological plasticity, variety of their adaptive strategies developed in the course of their evolution, and natural selection, were discussed. Analysis of the known anatomical and morphological adaptations of halophytes (succulence, special salt-excreting structures, features associated with special tissues growth, leaf kranz-anatomy and mesostructure) providing their salt tolerance was conducted. The most important physiological and biochemical adaptations of such plants to salinity related to uptake, accumulation and excretion of Na+ and Cl–, peculiarities of membrane composition and the pigment system, and protection against osmotic and oxidative stresses were described. The association of physiological and biochemical peculiarities of halophytes with ecological salt tolerance strategy was discussed. 相似文献
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Mohamad Hossein Sheikh-Mohamadi Nematollah Etemadi Ali Nikbakht Mostafa Arab Mohammad Mahdi Majidi Mohammad Pessarakli 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2017,39(11):245
Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) is a cool-season perennial grass, which has demonstrated its potential for use as turfgrass. However, limited information is available on its drought and salinity tolerance. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the antioxidant defence system and physiological traits of six Iranian crested wheatgrass genotypes under drought and salinity stresses. The experimental design comprised a split plot with water treatments (control well-watered, salinity stress and water stress) as main plots and genotypes as subplots. This study demonstrated the variations in drought and salinity tolerance among crested wheatgrass genotypes. ‘ACSKI’, ‘ACAMI’ and ‘ACDTI’ generally performed better than other genotypes under drought and salinity conditions, mainly by maintaining higher activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and non-enzyme antioxidants like glutathione, higher proline and total non-structural carbohydrates content. The increased, decreased, and unchanged activities of antioxidant enzymes in the crested wheatgrass genotypes indicates a different forms of metabolism of antioxidant enzymes in response to drought and salinity stress. In general, drought and salinity stress increases the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content; however, ‘ACSKI’, ‘ACAMI’ and ‘ACDTI’ genotypes could tolerate an increase in MDA content and H2O2 content; therefore, lower levels of MDA content and H2O2 content were observed. The results showed that increasing levels of diamine oxidase and polyamine oxidase have been associated with increasing drought and salinity tolerance. Based on the biochemical and physiological parameters that were evaluated, we concluded that the genotype ‘ACSKI’ was superior in terms of drought and salinity tolerance. This superiority was mainly a result of better enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence system and better osmotic adjustment under stress conditions. 相似文献
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Gunes A Inal A Alpaslan M Eraslan F Bagci EG Cicek N 《Journal of plant physiology》2007,164(6):728-736
It has been proposed that salicylic acid (SA) acts as an endogenous signal molecule responsible for inducing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The effect of varying salicylic acid (SA) supply (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0mM) on growth, mineral uptake, membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, H(2)O(2) concentration, UV-absorbing substances, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations of NaCl (40 mM) stressed maize (Zea mays L.) was investigated. Exogenously applied SA increased plant growth significantly both in saline and non-saline conditions. As a consequence of salinity stress, lipid peroxidation, measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and membrane permeability was decreased by SA. UV-absorbing substances (UVAS) and H(2)O(2) concentration were increased by increasing levels of SA. SA also strongly inhibited Na(+) and Cl(-) accumulation, but stimulated N, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations of salt stressed maize plants. These results suggest that SA could be used as a potential growth regulator to improve plant salinity stress resistance. 相似文献
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Plant salt tolerance: adaptations in halophytes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Background Most of the water on Earth is seawater, each kilogram of which contains about 35 g of salts, and yet most plants cannot grow in this solution; less than 0·2 % of species can develop and reproduce with repeated exposure to seawater. These ‘extremophiles’ are called halophytes.Scope Improved knowledge of halophytes is of importance to understanding our natural world and to enable the use of some of these fascinating plants in land re-vegetation, as forages for livestock, and to develop salt-tolerant crops. In this Preface to a Special Issue on halophytes and saline adaptations, the evolution of salt tolerance in halophytes, their life-history traits and progress in understanding the molecular, biochemical and physiological mechanisms contributing to salt tolerance are summarized. In particular, cellular processes that underpin the ability of halophytes to tolerate high tissue concentrations of Na+ and Cl−, including regulation of membrane transport, their ability to synthesize compatible solutes and to deal with reactive oxygen species, are highlighted. Interacting stress factors in addition to salinity, such as heavy metals and flooding, are also topics gaining increased attention in the search to understand the biology of halophytes.Conclusions Halophytes will play increasingly important roles as models for understanding plant salt tolerance, as genetic resources contributing towards the goal of improvement of salt tolerance in some crops, for re-vegetation of saline lands, and as ‘niche crops’ in their own right for landscapes with saline soils. 相似文献
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The responses of five tomato cultivars (L. esculentum Mill) of different degrees of salt tolerance were examined over a range of 0 to 140 mM NaCl applied for 3 and 10 weeks. Judged by both Na and Cl accumulations and maintenance of K, Ca and Mg contents with increasing salinity, the most tolerant cultivars (Pera and GC-72) showed different responses. The greater salt tolerance of cv Pera was associated with a higher Cl and Na accumulation and a lower K content in the shoot than those found in the other cultivars, typical of a halophytic response to salinity. However, the greater salt tolerance of cv GC-72 was associated with a retention of Na and Cl in the root, restriction of their translocation to the shoot and maintenance of potassium selectivity under saline conditions. The salt tolerance mechanisms that operated in the remaining cultivars were similar to that of cv GC-72, as at first they excluded Na and Cl from the shoots, accumulating them in the roots; with longer treatment, the ability to regulate Na and Cl concentrations in the plant was lost only in the most salt sensitive cultivar (Volgogradskij), resulting in a massive influx of both ions into the shoot.The salt sensitivity of some tomato cultivars to salinity could be due to both the toxic effect of Na and Cl ions and nutritional imbalance induced by salinity, as plant growth was inversely correlated with Na and Cl contents and directly correlated with K and Ca contents. This study displays that there is not a single salt tolerance mechanism, since different physiological responses among tomato cultivars have been found. 相似文献