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1.
在动物行为生态学研究中,了解动物的活动节律是分析其生存策略的重要前提。基于2013年3月—2014年2月北京松山国家级自然保护区红外相机监测资料,通过相对丰富度指数分析10种最常见兽类的季节性节律和日活动节律。结果显示:(1)岩松鼠Sciurotamias davidianus、北花松鼠Tamias sibiricus、亚洲狗獾Meles leucurus、猪獾Arctonyx collaris、豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis和貉Nyctereutes procyonoides在夏季活动最频繁,果子狸Paguma larvata、中华斑羚Naemorhedus griseus和野猪Sus scrofa在秋季活动最频繁。通过分析松鼠的年活动节律,推测其可能为2013年11月人为放生至保护区的新物种。(2)果子狸、中华斑羚、猪獾、豹猫和野猪为典型的夜行性动物,北花松鼠、松鼠Sciurus vulgaris和岩松鼠为昼行性动物。(3)依据兽类探测红外相机的行为表现,发现不同种类动物对红外相机产生了回避或受到吸引的行为。研究表明,红外相机是一种长期监测林地兽类活动节律的有效技术手段,可为制定区域性生物多样性保护措施提供数据支持。  相似文献   

2.
为了调查北京市雾灵山自然保护区兽类资源,2013年7月至2014年5月,在雾灵山32个位点布放红外相机进行系统调查,累积相机工作日3 630 d,共拍摄到兽类有效照片494张,鉴定出10种动物,包括:狍(Capreolus capreolus)、斑羚(Nemorhaedus goral)、猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davidianus)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、狗獾(Meles meles)、豹猫(Felis bengalensis)、花鼠(Tamias sibiricus)、草兔(Lepus capensis)和黄鼬(Mustela sibirica),隶属于4目7科;从分布型来看,这10种兽类主要以古北型为主(占70%)。常拍种有狍、岩松鼠、斑羚和猪獾;较常拍种有野猪、狗獾、豹猫、花鼠、草兔;偶拍种有黄鼬。本文还对不同海拔和不同植被类型动物相对丰富度、累积拍摄物种数与相机工作日关系及兽类G-F指数等进行了探讨。  相似文献   

3.
湖北后河国家级自然保护区,地处华中腹地,属武陵山东段余脉的一部分山地。该区域生物多样性高,但近15年来未对该地区的自然资源进行过全面调查。为深入了解该区域野生动物多样性现状及其变化,于2012年7月29日至2014年1月8日,在后河自然保护区设置红外相机监测位点53个,对保护区内的兽类和鸟类进行调查。红外相机共拍到鸟兽的独立有效照片1 963张。经鉴定,可以辨认的兽类共计4目12科19种;鸟类共计4目7科29种。在兽类中,野猪(Sus scrofa),毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus),中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)的相对丰富度指数较高;在鸟类中,红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus),红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)的相对丰富度指数较高。其中,黑熊(Ursus thibetanus),猕猴(Macaca mulatta),中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii),中华斑羚,红腹锦鸡,红腹角雉,松雀鹰(Accipiter virgatus)等为国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物;红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus),岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davidianus),小麂(Muntiacus reevesi),宝兴歌鸫(Turdus mupinensis),棕噪鹛(Garrulax poecilorhynchus),橙翅噪鹛(Garrulax elliotii)等为中国特有种。本文为今后后河自然保护区野生动物组成、种群动态、活动节律、生境利用、保育等长期监测工作以及后续科学研究建立基础。  相似文献   

4.
利用红外相机技术于2017年冬季对河北太行山东坡南段的野生动物进行了调查。通过系统抽样,野外选取4个样区共安置红外相机78台,实际工作4753个相机日,获有效照片1903张。结果表明:共鉴定出兽类4目7科7种,鸟类9目14科27种,其中国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类有勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)、雀鹰(Accipiter nisus)、灰林鸮(Strix aluco)和燕隼(Falco subbuteo)。物种相对丰度指数较高的兽类和鸟类分别为岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davidianus)(10.10)和红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythroryncha)(5.49)。对拍摄率较高的前6种兽类的日活动节律进行了分析,发现野猪(Sus scrofa)和蒙古兔(Lepus tolai)主要集中在晨昏和夜间活动,西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)和岩松鼠多在昼间活动,赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)和黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)则为全天性活动。土门-黄北坪乡样区和鹿头乡样区具有较高的物种数(24种和23种)和Shannon-Weiner指数(2.35和2.06)。该地区农业开发程度高、森林景观破碎化程度大、人类活动干扰重,应加强野生动物栖息地的保护与恢复。  相似文献   

5.
为促进河南内乡宝天曼国家级自然保护区野生动物资源保护与管理,本研究于2015年4月—2018年9月,利用红外相机技术对区内陆生大中型兽类和地面活动鸟类进行了连续3年的调查。本次调查涉及62个红外相机位点,累积工作37 923个有效相机日,共获得12 040张独立有效照片,识别到动物12目26科54种,其中鸟类6目12科35种,兽类6目14科19种。灰头鸫(Turdus rubrocanus)、斑胸钩嘴鹛(Pomatorhinus hypoleucos)和蓝鹀(Latoucheornis siemsseni)为保护区新记录物种。保护区内有林麝(Moschus berezovskii)和金雕(Aquila chrysaeto) 2种国家一级重点保护野生动物,豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)、黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)、猕猴(Macaca mulatta)、中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)等13种国家二级重点保护野生动物;IUCN红色名录收录濒危物种(EN)有林麝1种,易危物种(VU)有中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus...  相似文献   

6.
为进一步查清云南省文山国家级自然保护区老君山片区地栖鸟兽多样性、常见物种活动节律及其与人畜活动的关系,2019年8月—2020年3月分两次在老君山片区布设73个红外相机监测位点,除丢失损坏及无效相机外,59个相机位点共调查到鸟兽62种,其中兽类5目11科17属21种,鸟类5目14科31属41种。国家二级重点保护野生动物有熊猴(Macaca assamensis)、红面猴(Macaca arctoides)、斑林狸(Prionodon pardicolor)、白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)、栗头八色鸫(Pitta oatesi)等12种,其中有4种仅在核心区分布;中国特有哺乳动物2种:侧纹岩松鼠(Rupestes forresti)和红白鼯鼠(Petaurista alborufus)。新增兽类记录4种,鸟类记录17种。鸟类中相对多度指数较高的种类为红喉山鹧鸪(Arborophila rufogularis)和白鹇(Lophura nycthemera),兽类为红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)和侧纹岩松鼠。生态位相似的红喉山鹧鸪和白鹇之...  相似文献   

7.
河南太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区(济源)内野生动物种类非常丰富,但已多年未进行过野生动物本底资源调查。于2015年1月至7月,在保护区4个林场内设置了51个2 km×2 km网格,采用红外相机技术对保护区内兽类和地栖性鸟类资源进行调查。经过6 014个捕获日的调查,共记录到野生兽类5目13科17种,鸟类6目12科28种,其中东北刺猬(Erinaceus amurensis)、红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)、灰林鸮(Strix aluco)、宝兴歌鸫(Turdus mupinensis)、虎斑地鸫(Zoothera dauma)、紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)、普通?(Sitta europaea)、黄腹山雀(Parus venustulus)、斑胸钩嘴鹛(Pomatorhinus gravivox)、画眉(Garrulax canorus)等10个种类为保护区新记录种。首次在该保护区拍摄到国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物:豹(Panthera pardus)和林麝(Moschus berezovskii),以及国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物猕猴(Macaca mulatta)、黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)、红腹锦鸡和灰林鸮。兽类以猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)的相对丰富度指数最高为4.57;鸟类以红腹锦鸡的相对丰富度指数最高为2.03。调查结果显示保护区仍保存较为完整的大中型兽类群落,但顶级捕食者数量稀少,应加大对其栖息地及猎物的保护恢复力度。此外,相机拍摄到大量放牧活动照片,说明当地人为干扰严重,应加强管理。本次调查初步掌握了太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区(济源)内兽类和地栖性鸟类的资源现状,为保护区开展红外相机野生动物长期监测积累了基础资料。  相似文献   

8.
2012年8月至2015年8月,在壶瓶山国家级自然保护区布设了20个红外相机监测公里网格,对保护区的兽类和鸟类多样性进行了初步调查。经过19,592个有效相机工作日的调查,共记录到兽类4目11科21种和鸟类4目8科33种,其中有国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物1种(林麝 Moschus berezovskii)、国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物8种和保护区新纪录兽类1种(红腿长吻松鼠Dremomys pyrrhomerus)。兽类以食肉目种类最多(9种),其次为鲸偶蹄目(6种)和啮齿目(5种)。毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、红腿长吻松鼠、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)和猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)的相对丰富度居于兽类的前5位。鸟类以雀形目的种类最多(25种),其次是鸡形目(5种)和鴷形目(2种)。红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)、红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)和眼纹噪鹛(Garrulax ocellatus)的相对丰富度指数居于鸟类的前3位。此外,本文对红腹锦鸡、红腹角雉、红腿长吻松鼠、毛冠鹿、野猪和小麂等常见物种的日活动节律和年活动节律进行了初步分析。本次调查初步了解了保护区内地栖大中型兽类和鸟类的本底信息,为保护区今后开展野生动物长期监测提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

9.
调查自然保护地内的生物多样性现状,对了解当地野生动物种群动态和分布,并制订有效保护对策非常重要。由于地形复杂、植被浓密且缺乏系统调查,云贵高原东北边缘武陵山区的兽类和鸟类多样性数据较为缺乏。2017年3月—2018年12月,对位于武陵山区的湖南八大公山国家级自然保护区的地栖兽类和鸟类多样性现状、群落组成和行为节律进行了红外相机调查,以补充该区域鸟兽多样性本底资料。调查期内共监测了60个相机位点,累计18 525个相机日,拍摄到2 865张独立有效照片,包括8目25科37属,共15种兽类和35种鸟类,其中褐胁雀鹛(Schoeniparus dubius)、褐头鸫(Turdus feae)和白眉鹀(Emberiza tristrami)为保护区鸟类新记录种,相对多度指数较高的动物类群为啮齿目、鲸偶蹄目、食肉目、鸡形目和雀形目。对8种分布广泛、多度指数较高物种日活动节律分析发现:(1)红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)和花面狸(Paguma larvata)分别为典型的昼行性和夜行性动物,且与其他地区种群的日活动节律高度相似;(2)毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cepha...  相似文献   

10.
2008年4月—2017年12月,在四川小河沟自然保护区布设290台次红外相机,累计19 084个有效相机工作日,共识别出兽类4目12科18种,鸟类6目14科41种,包括4种国家一级和18种国家二级重点保护野生动物。小麂Muntiacus reevesi、中华斑羚Naemorhedus griseus、毛冠鹿Elaphodus cephalophus、岩松鼠Sciurotamias davidianus和野猪Sus scrofa的相对多度指数和网格占有率为兽类前5位;红腹角雉Tragopan temminckii、红腹锦鸡Chrysolophus pictus、紫啸鸫Myophonus caeruleus、红嘴蓝鹊Urocissa erythrorhyncha和橙翅噪鹛Trochalopteron elliotii的相对多度指数和网格占有率为鸟类前5位。同时记录到凤头鹰Accipiter trivirgatus、灰翅鸫Turdus boulboul、星鸦Nucifraga caryocatactes、灰眶雀鹛Alcippe davidi、灰头雀鹛Fulvetta cinereiceps...  相似文献   

11.
New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn2NPSCH2CH2Sa(P-Sa) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn2NPSCHCHSa(CH2)3CaH2(P-Sa)(Ca-Sa) (6) and Bn2NP(4-XC6H4OMe)2 (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)2] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl2Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the νCO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The 1JPRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the 1JPSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh3. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh3.  相似文献   

12.
Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.  相似文献   

13.
《环境昆虫学报》2014,(5):790-804
综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生(宾主共栖和异种共栖)、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌(原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌)和外生菌(蚁巢伞菌等)间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用(如纤维素酶)及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

14.
15.
The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.  相似文献   

16.
To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.  相似文献   

17.
In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.  相似文献   

18.
A new series of antibacterial and antifungal triazine-derived mono- and di-substituted (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) Schiff-bases and their cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments and IR and electronic spectral measurements. IR spectra indicated the ligands to act as tridentate towards divalent metal ions via a trazine-N, the azomethine-N and, indole-NH and deprotonated-O of salicylaldehyde. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)complexes and square-pyramid for Cu(II) complexes. NMR spectral data of the ligands and their diamagnetic zinc(II) complexes well-define their proposed structures/geometries. Elemental analyses data of the ligands and metal complexes agree with their proposed structures/geometries. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi and for antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial/antifungal against two or more species as compared to the uncomplexed Schiff-base ligands.  相似文献   

19.
The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE2, PGD2, PGF, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF. In all types studied PGE2 and TXB2 were the major products formed. The identification of PGE2 and TXB2 was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.  相似文献   

20.
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