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1.
内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原产草量动态遥感估算   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
草原产草量的监测是草地资源空间动态研究的重要衡量指标,是草地资源合理利用和载畜平衡监测的重要依据.基于371个样地调查数据和2005~2009年的MODIS-NDVI遥感数据,建立地面样方的产草量与遥感数据的关系模型,模拟分析了内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原产草量的时空分布.结果表明:(1)建立的各模型方程均有较好的相关关系,其中幂函数的相关关系最优,通过预留样方数据的验证,模型精度为78%,幂函数模型作为遥感估测应用可行;(2)锡林郭勒盟草原的产草量5年平均为3455万吨,折合干草总量为1112万吨,平均单产为567.23kg/hm2,草原产草量的空间分布呈东高西低的格局;(3)2005~2009年,锡林郭勒盟草原产草量有明显的波动,干草变化范围为800~1400万吨,变异系数为20.42%;(4)不同草地类型的产草量及其年际间变化存在较大的差异,荒漠类草原产草量低,年际间变化较大;草甸类草原产草量高,年际间变化相对较小.草原产草量的时空变化还与降水量、气温等主要气候因素关系密切,特别是受降水量的时空变化影响显著.研究结果可以为中国草地资源的保护及合理利用提供参考依据.  相似文献   

2.
呼伦贝尔草原MODIS NDVI的时空变化特征   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
基于2000—2008年的MODIS NDVI数据,研究了呼伦贝尔草原4种主要草原类型(低地草甸、温性草原、温性草甸草原和山地草甸)年NDVImax的空间变化趋势、波动程度、出现时间.结果表明:2000—2008年,呼伦贝尔草原植被趋于恶化的形势较严峻;研究区类草原NDVImax平均值的年际波动明显,特别是温性草原NDVImax平均值的年际最大波动接近50%;在各等级草原面积的变化上,尽管NDVImax在(0.4,1]之间的草原平均面积约占研究区总面积的91%,说明呼伦贝尔草原植被状况总体较好,但NDVImax值在(0.2,0.4]、(0.8,1]之间的草原面积趋于减少,NDVImax在(0.4,0.8]之间的中高盖度草原面积趋于增加,总体形势不容乐观;66.25%的研究区草原植被状况趋于恶化,33.75%趋于好转;62.85%研究区的NDVImax出现在每年第193天至第225天(即7月中旬至8月初),该时期是呼伦贝尔草原植被最重要的生长季节.  相似文献   

3.
中国草原生态系统退化的价值损失量遥感估算   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在传统的草原生态系统退化价值估算基础上,利用遥感技术对草原生态系统退化的价值损失进行估算,利用2003和2005年的MODIS数据获得草原生态系统退化的价值损失量空间分布图.结果表明:2003-2005年价值损失量共为66.603亿美元;单位面积价值损失量在0~1 000美元·km-2的面积约占草原总面积的1/4,价值损失量1 000~3 000美元·km-2的面积约占草原总面积的1/3;内蒙古、新疆、西藏、青海、甘肃、云南和四川等西部7省的价值损失总量为52.219亿美元,占总价值损失量的78.41%,其中,内蒙古的价值损失量最大,占总价值损失量的25.89%.  相似文献   

4.
不同利用状况下草原遥感估产模型   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在内蒙古自治区的温性草甸草原、温性草原、温性荒漠草原、温性草原化荒漠和温性荒漠5种具有代表性的草地类型区地面观测数据的基础上,考虑草地的利用状况信息,分类建立了产草量与4种植被指数(由MODIS数据计算得到)的回归估产模型,将利用状况这一定性变量作为虚拟变量与遥感估算模型相结合,找出了3种利用状况下的鲜草产量最优混合估算模型和估算指数。结果表明:(1)EVI是反映产草量变化的最好指标,分类构建的模型平均测产精度达到了80%;(2)将利用状况作为虚拟变量考虑之后建立的混合测算模型精度达到了79%,明显高于利用状况未知时构建的混合模型的精度,比分类建模应用更简洁方便。  相似文献   

5.
基于MODIS NPP数据的青海湖流域产草量与载畜量估算研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
快速评价区域草地生产力状况,是制定牧区草畜平衡策略,保障草地生态系统健康可持续发展的前提基础。基于MODIS NPP产品数据,对青海湖流域草地生产力进行了估算和评价。结果表明:(1)牛羊可食性最高的高寒草甸、高寒草原和温性草原,其单位面积产草量估算值的均方根误差RMSE为26.15g·m~(-2),表明该方法可以快速估算区域尺度的产草量。(2)全年干草产量为145.42万t,其中能被牛羊直接采食利用的牧草共计59.18万t,理论载畜量为81.07万羊单位;(3)影响单位面积干草产量的主要气候因子,海拔3500 m以下地区,是活动积温且与单位面积干草产量呈负相关关系; 3500 m以上地区,是温度且与单位面积产草量呈正相关关系。研究结果可为高寒地区合理规划牧业生产活动、生态补偿等提供科学依据和决策支持,也可为全国其他牧区的草原产草量的估算提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
发菜是发状念球藻(NostocflageliformeBorn.etFlah.)的俗称,其群体为胶质丝状物,很少分枝,干时呈黑色,形似人发,故名发菜。在我国主要分布在西北地区的内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆等省区的部分荒漠草原和干旱地带,是一种旱生蓝...  相似文献   

7.
根田鼠的生物能学研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
侯建军 《四川动物》1996,15(2):65-68
根田鼠的生物能学研究侯建军北京师范大学生物系北京100875根田鼠(Rootvole,Microt。。co。m。)比较广泛地分布于欧亚大陆北部地区。在我国主要分布于青海、四川、陕西、甘肃、宁夏和新疆等地(门。世居高寒地区草甸带,在青海海北高寒草甸生态...  相似文献   

8.
陇东黄土高原天然草地植被类型及特征   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
陇东(庆阳)黄土高原天然草地植被可划分为草甸草原区和典型草原区2个植被区域,包括温性疏灌草丛、草甸草原和典型草原3个植被型14个群系,分别是:酸枣-杠柳-蒿类温性灌草丛、蕤核-红花锦鸡儿-蒿类温性灌草丛、杠柳-蕤核-蒿类-白羊草温性灌草丛、酸枣-蒿类-白羊草温性灌草丛、酸枣-河蒴荛花-白羊草温性灌草丛、白草- 鹅观草-达乌里胡枝子-蒿类暖性灌草丛、白羊草草原、白草草原、赖草草原、蒿类-白羊草草甸草原、长芒草草原、百里香草原、铁杆蒿-茭蒿草原、毛沙芦草草原。  相似文献   

9.
陈春波  李刚勇  彭建 《生态学报》2023,43(4):1537-1552
在新疆开展长时间序列的草地监测,分析草地生长的时空变化特征,有利于草地环境压力分析和草地生态健康预测。以NOAA-AVHRR NDVI为数据源,采用最大值合成、一元回归分析与相关性分析,分别在年际尺度和多个空间尺度(全疆、南北疆与各地区及其11种草地类型)上探讨了1981—2018年新疆草地归一化植被指数(NDVI)时空特征及其对气温、降水的响应。结果表明:(1)1981—2018年,新疆草地NDVI多年均值0.326,变化范围0.259—0.386,具有轻微年际波动特征;(2)北疆、南疆草地NDVI均表现为轻微增加趋势;全疆占草地总面积41%的区域NDVI呈显著增加趋势,9%为显著减少区域,北疆草地NDVI显著增加的面积是南疆的1.7倍;(3)由于垂直地带性及区域差异,新疆草地NDVI由山区向盆地的荒漠降低;北疆草地NDVI是南疆1.4倍,总体上北疆各地区草地NDVI高于南疆各地区;(4)草地类型植被NDVI对降水的显著响应高于气温,其中温性荒漠类、温性荒漠草原类与温性草原类草地NDVI对降水变化的响应明显高于其余草地类型,降水对草地NDVI的影响更为显著,表明降水引起的地表水分变化...  相似文献   

10.
宁夏典型天然草地土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳分布特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
季波  时龙  徐金鹏  何建龙  王占军  吴旭东  蒋齐 《生态学报》2021,41(19):7669-7678
土壤团聚体作为土壤结构的基本单元和土壤有机碳存在的重要场所,对维系土壤质量和生态环境可持续发展具有重要作用。为探究宁夏天然草地土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳分布特征,以宁夏4种典型的天然草地(草甸草原、温性草原、草原化荒漠和荒漠草原)为研究对象,系统开展研究。结果表明:草甸草原、温性草原和草原化荒漠各粒级机械团聚体和水稳性团聚体含量均呈现随粒径减小而先减小后增大趋势,荒漠草原机械团聚体含量呈现随粒径减小而先减小后增大的趋势,水稳性团聚体含量呈现随粒径减小逐渐增大的趋势;且草甸草原和温性草原机械稳定性和水稳性团聚体在0-10 cm、10-20 cm和20-40 cm 3个土层均以>0.25 mm大团聚体为主,草原化荒漠和荒漠草原水稳性团聚体均以<0.25 mm的微团聚体为主。4种草地类型机械团聚体和水稳性团聚体MWD和GMD,以及各粒级土壤团聚体有机碳含量均表现为草甸草原和温性草原显著高于草原化荒漠和荒漠草原。草甸草原和温性草原在3个土层深度均以>0.25 mm的大团聚体对有机碳的贡献率最高,分别达到43.86%、59.26%、58.89%和58.02%、54.03%、57.15%;草原化荒漠和荒漠草原在3个土层深度,均以<0.25 mm的微团聚体贡献率高,分别达到了60.37%、55.86%、54.33%和75.61%、78.34%、78.74%。结果表明:草甸草原和温性草原较草原化荒漠和荒漠草原土壤团聚体稳定性更高,更有利于土壤有机碳累积。  相似文献   

11.
Xu B  Yang X C  Tao W G  Qin Z H  Liu H Q  Miao J M 《农业工程》2007,27(2):405-413
Using MODIS remote sensing data and ground truth data, a thorough investigation was conducted to monitor the productivity of grasslands in China for the year 2005. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was first computed from the MODIS data. Then the data from the NDVI images were used to correlate with the grass yield data from the ground sampling campaigns. Six regional models were accordingly established from the correlation for estimation of grass production in the six main types of steppe in China. The main results from the estimation could be summarized as follows: (1) High grass productivity in 2005 was obtained in the following 3 regions: the grassland covering Hulunbuir, Xilinhaote, and the western Daxing'anling, the region including the eastern Qinghai, the northwestern Sichuan and the mid-southern Gansu, and the northwestern Xinjiang region. (2) Total hay output from the grasslands in China amounted to 294213.86 thousand tons in 2005 with an average yield of 829.67 kg/hm2. (3) The following 7 provinces were the largest grass producers in China: Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Tibet, Heilongjiang and Gansu. For example, Inner Mongolia produced 60370.82 thousand tons of hay in 2005, and hence became the No. 1 grass producer of China. (4) Among the steppe types, the following 5 had the largest grass production: Alpine meadow, Temperate steppe, Low-land meadow, Temperate meadow steppe and Montane meadow with total production accounting for 62.2% in China. (5) Grass production of the entire China in August 2005 remained at the same level as that in August 2004. However, the situations of major grassland provinces were different: grass production in both Qinghai and Gansu in 2005 increased to 9.02% and 3.63%, respectively, when compared with that in 2004. The grass production in Inner Mongolia decreased by 3%, while the production in Tibet, Xinjiang and Sichuan remains unchanged when compared with that in 2004. These results were very important for grassland administration, pasture grazing and grassland ecosystem studies in China.  相似文献   

12.
Using MODIS remote sensing data and ground truth data, a thorough investigation was conducted to monitor the productivity of grasslands in China for the year 2005. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was first computed from the MODIS data. Then the data from the NDVI images were used to correlate with the grass yield data from the ground sampling campaigns. Six regional models were accordingly established from the correlation for estimation of grass production in the six main types of steppe in China. The main results from the estimation could be summarized as follows: (1) High grass productivity in 2005 was obtained in the following 3 regions: the grassland covering Hulunbuir, Xilinhaote, and the western Daxing'anling, the region including the eastern Qinghai, the northwestern Sichuan and the mid-southern Gansu, and the northwestern Xinjiang region. (2) Total hay output from the grasslands in China amounted to 294213.86 thousand tons in 2005 with an average yield of 829.67 kg/hm2. (3) The following 7 provinces were the largest grass producers in China: Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Tibet, Heilongjiang and Gansu. For example, Inner Mongolia produced 60370.82 thousand tons of hay in 2005, and hence became the No. 1 grass producer of China. (4) Among the steppe types, the following 5 had the largest grass production: Alpine meadow, Temperate steppe, Low-land meadow, Temperate meadow steppe and Montane meadow with total production accounting for 62.2% in China. (5) Grass production of the entire China in August 2005 remained at the same level as that in August 2004. However, the situations of major grassland provinces were different: grass production in both Qinghai and Gansu in 2005 increased to 9.02% and 3.63%, respectively, when compared with that in 2004. The grass production in Inner Mongolia decreased by 3%, while the production in Tibet, Xinjiang and Sichuan remains unchanged when compared with that in 2004. These results were very important for grassland administration, pasture grazing and grassland ecosystem studies in China.  相似文献   

13.
为了解我国北方不同草原类型中针茅根部内生真菌的群落结构及多样性变化,从新疆、甘肃、内蒙古3省(区)选择了6种不同草原类型(亚高山草甸、高山草甸、戈壁、荒漠草原、典型草原和草甸草原),进行针茅根部组织内生真菌的研究.共分离得到针茅根部内生真菌213株,根据序列的相似性(以97%为阈值),共获得51个真菌分类操作单元(OTUs),覆盖了4门7纲23科27属.在门的水平上子囊菌门真菌为绝对优势菌群,占分离真菌总数的93.4%,在各草原类型中均有分布;6种草原类型中针茅根部内生真菌的优势属差别较大,仅子囊菌门的镰孢菌属为各草原类型共有优势属,占分离真菌总数的41.3%,亚高山草甸的微结节霉属、高山草甸的Saccharicola和短梗霉属、戈壁的弯孢属和根霉属以及草甸草原的木霉属,为各草原类型中针茅根部内生真菌的优势属.高山草甸针茅根部内生真菌群落覆盖的门和属最多,Margalef丰富度指数和香农多样性指数最高,均匀度指数仅次于荒漠草原;而荒漠草原的Margalef丰富度指数最低,典型草原的多样性指数和均匀度指数最低.高山草甸和荒漠草原的内生真菌群落结构与其他草原类型之间的相似性系数都较低,分别为0.12~0.25和0.13~0.22,其他几种草原类型之间相似性相对较高,尤其是典型草原和草甸草原之间相似性系数为0.60.冗余分析(RDA)表明,海拔和纬度是影响6种草原类型中针茅根部内生真菌群落结构变化的主要环境因子.  相似文献   

14.

Background

Livestock grazing is the most prevalent land use of grasslands worldwide. The effects of grazing on plant C, N, P contents and stoichiometry across hierarchical levels, however, have rarely been studied; particularly whether the effects are mediated by resource availability and the underpinning mechanisms remain largely unclear.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Using a multi-organization-level approach, we examined the effects of grazing on the C, N, and P contents and stoichiometry in plant tissues (leaves and roots) and linkages to ecosystem functioning across three vegetation types (meadow, meadow steppe, and typical steppe) in the Inner Mongolia grassland, China. Our results showed that the effects of grazing on the C, N, and P contents and stoichiometry in leaves and roots differed substantially among vegetation types and across different hierarchical levels (species, functional group, and vegetation type levels). The magnitude of positive effects of grazing on leaf N and P contents increased progressively along the hierarchy of organizational levels in the meadow, whereas its negative effect on leaf N content decreased considerably along hierarchical levels in both the typical and meadow steppes. Grazing increased N and P allocation to aboveground in the meadow, while greater N and P allocation to belowground was found in the typical and meadow steppes. The differences in soil properties, plant trait-based resource use strategies, tolerance or defense strategies to grazing, and shifts in functional group composition are likely to be the key mechanisms for the observed patterns among vegetation types.

Conclusions/Significance

Our findings suggest that the enhanced vegetation-type-level N contents by grazing and species compensatory feedbacks may be insufficient to prevent widespread declines in primary productivity in the Inner Mongolia grassland. Hence, it is essential to reduce the currently high stocking rates and restore the vast degraded steppes for sustainable development of arid and semiarid grasslands.  相似文献   

15.
降水时间对内蒙古温带草原地上净初级生产力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
郭群  胡中民  李轩然  李胜功 《生态学报》2013,33(15):4808-4817
全球气候变化下降水时间的改变将深刻影响草原生态系统地上净初级生产力(ANPP),而草原生态系统ANPP是区域碳循环的重要过程.利用1998-2007年的SPOT-VEG NDVI数据并结合111个样点的ANPP地面样方调查数据,获得了内蒙古温带草原1998-2007年的ANPP区域数据,依此分析了中国内蒙古温带草原以及区域内的3种植被类型(荒漠草原、典型草原、草甸草原)降水时间对ANPP的影响.研究结果表明,对于整个内蒙古温带草原来说,一个水分年内(从上一年9月份到当年地上生物量达最大值时的8月份)影响ANPP较为重要的降水月份为2-7月份,其中,5-7月份降水尤为重要.具体到每个月降水的影响,研究发现,7月份降水最重要,而仍处于生长季的8月份降水相对于其他生长季降水作用最小;影响不同草地类型最重要的降水时期存在一定差异,对荒漠草原和典型草原地区来说,ANPP达最大值前3个月(5-7月份)的生长季降水最重要,而8月份降水影响较小,而草甸草原地区8月份和非生长季的3、4月份降水最重要,但各个降水时期降水对ANPP的影响都较荒漠草原和典型草原小,大部分地区降水对ANPP的影响不显著.  相似文献   

16.
Question: Is the vegetation of meadow and mountain steppes distinct from the ground vegetation of light taiga forests in the transitional zone between these biomes? Location: Western Khentey Mountains, northern Mongolia. Methods: Vegetation was recorded from 100‐m2 plots from all dominant types of light taiga forest and dry grassland. Distinctness of ground vegetation was studied with Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). Results: Ground vegetation in the light taiga was significantly different from the herbal vegetation of meadow and mountain steppes. Clear separation was only absent for the Car ex amgunensis meadow steppes that occur in a narrow strip along the forest edge and are partly shaded by trees. Forest and steppe communities followed a moisture gradient according to the DCA ordination with light taiga forests at the moistest sites and steppe communities at the driest sites. Ulmus pumila open woodlands diverged from this pattern, because of their close spatial and phytosociological relationship to mountain steppes. Conclusions: The present results do not support the assumption that grasslands in Mongolia's transitional zone between forest and steppe would generally resemble the ground vegetation of light taiga forests. This contradicts a published hypothesis stating that the vegetation of meadow and mountain steppes would not clearly differ from ground vegetation of light taiga forests in the forest‐steppe transitional zone of Mongolia.  相似文献   

17.
蒙古高原草原火行为的时空格局与影响因子   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用GIS空间分析方法和L3JRC遥感卫星数据,研究了2000—2007年间蒙古高原草原火行为的时空分布规律,比较了中国内蒙古自治区和蒙古人民共和国草原火行为的差异,分析了植被、气候与人文因素等对草原火行为的影响.结果表明:不同植被类型间的过火率存在极显著差异(P0.001),为草甸草原典型草原荒漠草原,蒙古人民共和国草原过火率显著高于中国内蒙古自治区(P0.001),过火频次的分布格局与过火迹地相一致.草原火行为存在明显的年际变化特征,草甸草原(r2=-0.54,P0.05)和典型草原(r2=-0.61,P0.05)的年过火率与年降雨量呈负相关关系;草原火集中在降水较少、风速较大的春、秋两季.中国内蒙古自治区的人口密度和载畜密度远高于蒙古人民共和国,而过火率则相反,表明人文因素,尤其是过度放牧是导致中国内蒙古自治区和蒙古人民共和国火行为差异的主要原因.  相似文献   

18.
以蒙古高原为研究区,选择2000—2019年植物生长季的MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)和陆地表面温度(LST)构建NDVI-LST特征空间,由该特征空间计算蒙古高原温度植被干旱指数(TVDI);利用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验及Hurst指数方法分析蒙古高原TVDI的时空变化特征和未来的变化趋势,利用偏相关分析法探究气象因子与蒙古高原TVDI之间的关系。结果表明: 2000—2019年,蒙古高原TVDI以0.0001·a-1呈增大趋势,期间,蒙古高原的干旱情况小幅加重,其中,草甸草原和典型草原干旱情况逐渐减轻,而荒漠草原和高山草地干旱情况加重。蒙古高原TVDI的Hurst指数均值为0.45,小于0.5的地区面积占比为71.5%,说明大部分地区2000—2019年的TVDI变化趋势与过去相反。中部的荒漠草原地区和东部的草甸草原地区未来干旱情况可能加重;典型草原的大部分地区以及内蒙古境内的荒漠草原未来干旱可能减轻;高山草地地区的干旱变化无法确定。蒙古高原有33.6%的地区TVDI与气温呈显著正相关,34.8%的地区TVDI与降水量呈显著负相关,其中,典型草原受气象因子的影响最显著。  相似文献   

19.
Liu N  Zhang Y  Chang S  Kan H  Lin L 《PloS one》2012,7(5):e36434
The potential of grazing lands to sequester carbon must be understood to develop effective soil conservation measures and sustain livestock production. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of grazing on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in Typical steppe and Desert steppe ecosystems, which are both important grassland resources for animal grazing and ecological conservation in China, and to derive region-specific soil C changes associated with different stocking rates (ungrazed, UG; lightly grazed, LG; moderately grazed, MG; heavily grazed, HG). This study substantiated that significant higher SOC, TN and MBC appeared with the treatment of LG in typical steppe. From 2004 to 2010, grazing treatments increased soil carbon storage in desert steppe, which was partly due to the grazing history. The higher MBC concentration and MBC/SOC suggest a great potential for carbon sequestration in the desert steppe ecosystem. The greater MBC in desert steppe than typical steppe was mainly the result of higher precipitation and temperature, instead of soil substrate. The change of MBC and the strong positive relationships between MBC and SOC indicated that MBC in the soil was a sensitive index to indicate the dynamics of soil organic carbon in both steppes in Inner Mongolia of China.  相似文献   

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