从花粉化石到花粉食品

花粉化石在古生代地层中已经被发现,至今已有两亿多年的历史,发现最早的是古老松柏类裸子植物的花粉化石。中生代时期裸子植物进一步繁盛,在中生代地层中发现了十分丰富的松柏类花粉化石。到早白垩世中期（巴列姆期）地球上出现了最原始的被子植物,随之也在早白垩世中...     

黑龙江林甸县白垩纪的植物化石和孢粉组合

黑龙江省林甸县泉头组所产植物化石,有古老的蕨类 Cladophlebis 和 Onychiopsis,其余是被子植物 Protophyllum undulatum sp.nov、Viburniphyllum serrulatum sp.nov.和 Plantno-phyllum sp.等。岩石中保存的孢粉有20种,19个属,绝大多数为蕨类孢子,类型多,数量大,其次是裸子植物,被子植物极少。植物化石孢粉组合特征,是以蕨类植物占绝对优势,裸子植物次之,被子植物极少。植物化石的种类多曾出现于早白垩世晚期,有原始叶属和形小而叶脉不规则的古老类型。多数孢粉化石曾出现于早白垩世,其中以早白垩世晚期的类型为数较多。这种组合,可以和美国东部的 Potomac 组的 Patapsco 层相比较,亦可与西伯利亚 Kolyma 盆地的早白垩世植物群对比。化石层的地质时代属早白垩世的 Aptian-Albian。当时气候暖热而潮湿。     

内蒙古西部额济纳盆地早白垩世孢粉植物群

本文首次报道了西部额济纳盆地井下中生代地层中的孢粉植物群,该微体植物群的牲是,裸子植物花粉占绝对优势,蕨类孢子次之,早期被子植物花粉偶见。根据特征分子的出现情况,将这套地层的时代归和早白垩世早期,约在凡兰吟期至早巴列姆期范围内。     

Stellatopollis花粉之发现及其意义

本文描述了首次发现于我国早白圣世的原始被子植物花粉Ｓｔｅｌｌａｔｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ。这一发现进一步表明，这类花粉在早白垩世期间分布广泛，是早期被子植物花粉组合的重要组成部分，对大范围内的地层对比和早期被子植物演化的研究具有重要的价值。本文还介绍了我们所使用的对同一粒花粉进行光镜和扫描电镜联合观察照相的一种既简单又经济的方法．     

内蒙古二连盆地早白垩世巴彦花群被子植物花粉

内蒙古二连盆地早白垩世巴彦花群含有类型丰富、保存精美的被子植物花粉。本文利用光学显微镜观察和扫描电镜观察相结合的方法,对这些花粉类型进行了较详细的研究。研究结果表明,巴彦花群的被子植物花粉主要由属于金粟兰科的Hammenia和Singhipollis,悬铃木科/金缕梅科的Tricolpites以及亲缘关系不明的Polyporites组成。这一被子植物花粉组合面貌指示的地质时代为中晚阿尔必期(Albian)。据相关现生植物的地理分布及煤夹层的存在,推测在早白垩世晚期二连盆地处于湿润的亚热带气候环境中。     

东北北部白垩纪被子植物的基本发展阶段

被子植物起源及早期演化规律始终受到人们的注意。以前有关侏罗纪或更早时期被子植物的报道并未获最终证实,可靠的被子植物叶化石只到早白垩世中晚期(巴列姆期—阿尔必期)才出现,但全世界产地只有寥寥几处。晚白垩世是被子植物蓬勃发展并在全球植被中取代     

川西高原白垩纪孢粉组合的发现及其意义

横断山地区和川西高原金沙江两岸广泛分布红色碎屑沉积,自德格县错阿乡的红色沉积之上部深褐灰色含铜砂岩中获得了相当数量的孢子花粉化石。在该孢粉组合中稀指孢子居绝对优势,被子植物花粉极少,推测其地质时代应属晚白垩世,可能为晚白垩世早期。因此,当前孢粉组合的发现证明了川西高原横断山地区不仅有第三纪红层,也存在白垩纪红层。组合中含有大量的稀指蕨隐孱和少量麻黄花粉,而不同见喜湿植物的孢子花粉,推测该地区白恶霸     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地白垩纪生物地层研究进展

兴安岭群龙江组产Ephemeropsistrisetalis等热河生物群分子,九峰山组产富含Cicatricosisporites,Pilosisporites,Concavissimisporites的孢粉组合,兴安岭群龙江组、甘河组火山岩同位素年龄为105-141Ma,证实兴安岭群的时代为早白垩世早期;扎赉诺尔群中以Cypridea,Limnocypridea,Ilyocyprimorpha和Hailaeria等属为代表的介形类动物群,以Nyktericysta,Vesperopsis等属为代表的NV浮游植物群,以富含Lygopodiaceae科各属孢子,尤其是Cicatricosisporites高含量的孢粉组合,代表了中国北方早白垩世特有的动、植物群面貌,而其中Asteropollis,Tricolpites和Polyporites等被子植物花粉化石的发现,这一事实似乎暗示了扎赉诺尔群的时代为早白垩世中、晚期;青元岗组产以Talicypridea,Altanicypris,Chinocypridea和Harbinia为代表的介形类动物群,具有显著的地域性特点,可与松辽盆地四方台组对比,其时代为晚白垩世Maastrichtian期。     

黑龙江省鸡西城子河组被子植物化石层的孢粉研究

城子河组为黑龙江省鸡西盆地主要含煤岩组,在其顶部已发现迄今已知全球最早期的被子植物大化石,近来在该层又陆续发现多粒被子植物花粉,为研究被子植物的发生及早期演化提供了有力佐证。本文报道了被子植物化石层的被子植物花粉及与其伴生的丰富多样的蕨类植物孢子和裸子植物花粉,共３８属６１种,其中描述了５属５种,包括２新种,推断其时代为Ｂａｒｅｍｉａｎ期,并倾向于Ｂａｒｅｍｉａｎ早期。推测当时该地为以海金沙科等多种蕨类植物及松柏类植物为主,兼具早期被子植物的十分繁茂植物群,气候为湿润的亚热带型。     

海南白沙盆地早白垩世孢粉化石的发现及其意义

本文是报道在海南白沙盆地中生代“红层”中首次发现的孢粉化石,介绍了这一孢粉组合的基本特征,共50属75种,其中包括早期被子植物花粉2属3种,将其地质时代确定为早白垩世的阿普第期。根据孢粉组合推论当时的古气候可能属于热带、亚热带,本区当时可能处于干旱气候带与潮湿赤道气候带之间的过渡地带。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.