保鲜液对郁金香切花寿命和内源激素含量的影响（简报）

低温（4℃）条件下,4种保鲜液（1mmol·L－1硫代硫酸银＋200mg·L-1-羟基喹啉＋2％蔗糖＋300mg·L-1柠檬酸及不同浓度6－BA或GA3组合）均可延长郁金香切花的寿命,其中以含有6－BA的保鲜液作用最显著。对照和含有GA3的保鲜液处理的切花第8d出现乙烯高峰,IAA和ABA含量前期下降后期开高;而含有6－BA的保鲜液处理的切花乙烯、IAA和ABA均呈下降趋势。3种内源激素含量变化与切花衰老在时间进程上是一致的。     

不同保鲜剂对大花飞燕草切花生理特性的影响

以大花飞燕草‘夏季天空’切花为材料,以清水为对照,采用14种不同保鲜剂对其进行保鲜处理。结果表明,SOD活性总体变化先上升再下降;CAT活性变化与SOD类似;POD活性,6-体呈上升趋势;MDA含量呈波动上升趋势;Pro含量呈先减少后又波动增加;可溶性蛋白质含量先增后减。同时发现各保鲜剂均能不同程度延长大花飞燕草切花的瓶插寿命,提升酶促系统的综合作用,降低MDATZPro含量,减缓蛋白质降解,延缓切花衰老,提高观赏品质,其中以保鲜剂1％蔗糖＋200mg·L-1 8-HQS＋50mg·L-1 AgNO3＋50mg·L-1 Al2（SO4）3保鲜效果最佳。     

表油菜素内酯对月季切花保鲜作用的研究

本文初步探讨了表油菜素内酯（epiBR）对瓶插月季切花的保鲜作用。与对照（蒸馏水）和基本液（2％蔗糖＋500mgL-1柠檬酸＋250mgL-8-羟基喹啉＋25mgAgNO3）相比,经epiBR处理（基本液＋0．1mgL-1epiBR）的月季切花花枝坚挺,蓝变延迟,瓶插寿命延长1-1.5倍。测定有关生理指标表明,epiBR处理对月季切花瓶插花枝前期鲜重的增加及后期的保持有明显作用。并显著延缓花瓣和叶片质膜相对透性的增加,还能使瓶插前期花瓣还原糖含量增加。epiBR处理对花瓣蛋白质和叶片叶绿素含量变化无明显影响,而对花瓣花青素水平下降有轻微的促进作用。     

1-MCP对东方百合开放与衰老的影响

以东方系列百合（Lilium spp.）‘西伯利亚’品种为材料,研究了1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）对百合切花质膜透性、乙烯释放量、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白质含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明：1-MCP可延缓百合切花花瓣质膜相对透性的增加,延长百合切花瓶插寿命;降低百合花瓣乙烯释放量,推迟乙烯峰的出现;降低百合花瓣丙二醛含量,对可溶性蛋白含量的变化无明显影响。本研究结果说明1-MCP对东方百合切花的保鲜有一定效果,确定了1-MCP处理东方百合的最佳使用浓度为0.01μL/L。     

月季切花衰老过程中多胺与膜脂过氧化的关系

以月季切花为材料,研究了月季切花瓶插过程中多胺含量的变化,外源多胺处理对月季药花体内多胺含量的影响以及多胺与膜脂过氧化的关系。结果表明,月季切花瓶插衰老过程中腐胺在前2d略有增加,亚精胺和精胺均呈下降趋势;外源亚精胺和精胺处理均能增加切花体内多胺含量,并能延缓切花衰老和改善切花品质;且亚精胺和精胺处理降低了MDA含量的积累和膜相对透性的上升趋势。     

麝香石竹花衰老过程中钙调蛋白含量变化与乙烯生物合成的关系

麝香石竹（Ｄｉａｎｔｈｕｓ ｃａｒｙｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｓｓｕｕ ｂｅａｍ ’）切花在第４ 天开始释放乙烯,１－氨基－环丙烷－１－羧酸（ＡＣＣ）含量、ＡＣＣ合酶活性相应增加,乙烯释放第６ 天达到高峰,随后逐渐下降。钙调蛋白含量的变化和ＡＣＣ合酶活性的变化趋势一致。ＧＡ、硫代硫酸银（ＳＴＳ）和氨基氧乙酸（ＡＯＡ）处理的切花中钙调蛋白含量比同期对照的低,乙烯生物合成被抑制,切花衰老被推迟。钙离子促进花瓣乙烯的释放。钙调蛋白抑制剂氯丙嗪（ＣＰＺ）对乙烯释放具有抑制作用     

植酸对月季切花瓶插寿命的影响

用0.13％和0.013％植酸对月季切花进行处理,探讨了植酸对月季切花瓶插寿命及衰老过程中一些生理生化指标的影响.结果表明,013％和0.013％植酸处理的切花,瓶插寿命分别延长了2.3 d和1.4d.植酸处理抑制了O-2含量的增加和POD活性的提高,从而减轻了O-2对植物细胞的伤害即抑制丙二醛含量增加,同时抑制了可溶...     

1-MCP处理对金百合切花保鲜效应的研究

以金百合“普瑞头（Prato）”为试材,研究1-MCP对切花瓶插寿命及相关生理代谢的影响。结果表明：金百合“普瑞头（Prato）”为呼吸跃变型切花。30n1 L^-1的1-MCP能显著延长切花瓶插寿命2．15d、盛开天数增加0．43d,使其花径增大1．68倍（P〈0．01）;有效延缓了水分代谢的失调与呼吸峰的出现时间;明显降低了呼吸强度与细胞膜透性,为供试百合品种最适应用浓度。     

含矮壮素的保鲜剂对非洲菊切花衰老的影响

含矮壮素的保鲜剂能增加非洲菊切花瓶插衰老过程中SOD、CAT、POD的活性,削弱MDA含量的增加和的O-2生成速率,减少蛋白质的降解,降低脯氨酸含量和水分散失,维持膜结构的相对稳定性,延长切花瓶插寿命4 d左右.     

杀菌剂和低温贮藏对芍药切花保鲜及其生理变化的影响

利用杀菌剂及低温贮藏对切花芍药‘婴粟子’的抑菌效果、瓶插寿命、开花率及其生理变化进行了研究。结果表明,不同浓度杀菌剂均有一定的抑菌作用,并且处理Ⅲ（1000mg／kg甲基托布津＋1000mg／kg多菌灵）效果最好。预冷处理可以降低切花的呼吸速率,延长瓶插寿命和贮藏保鲜期。随着低温贮藏时间的延长,切花鲜重和开花率下降,花瓣的细胞膜透性和MDA含量增加,蛋白质含量下降,呼吸速率呈跃变型变化。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.