保鲜剂对夏季香石竹切花衰老的延缓作用

香石竹切花瓶插期间花瓣中ＳＯＤ和蛋白质在前期上升,然后比处理组提前３天呈下降趋势。采后花瓣中ＣＡＴ、可溶性总糖和蔗糖均为下降。经由蔗糖、８－羟基喹啉和植物生长调节剂或钴镍盐组成的保鲜剂能延缓切花花瓣中ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性的下降,阻碍蛋白质、可溶性总糖和蔗糖的降解速度,同时使切花的瓶插寿命延长、含水量增加。     

保鲜剂对香石竹切花衰老的影响

大红色香石竹(Dianthus caryophyllus)从云南空运到货后,即选含苞待放、花色和大小一致的单头花蕾,花枝从基部剪留25 cm长,用于试验.采用的保鲜剂有两种:(1)5%蔗糖 100 mg·L-1柠檬酸 100 mg·L-1硝酸银;(2)50 mg·L-1 KT 100 mg·L-1柠檬酸 100 mg·L-1硝酸银(KT为上海试剂厂生产).以蒸馏水为对照.鲜花切取后分别插入盛有100 mL保鲜剂的150 mL三角瓶中,瓶口用脱脂棉塞紧.每瓶插1枝,各处理重复5次,供测定水分平衡、瓶插寿命等指标使用;另取花枝同样分别插入各保鲜剂中,每瓶插5枝,各处理重复3次,供测定呼吸速率和花瓣相对电导率使用.     

水杨酸对香石竹切花瓶插期间的生理效应和保鲜效果

本文探讨水杨酸（salicylic acid,SA）对高温季节香石竹（Dianthus caryophyllus L．）切花瓶插期间的生理效应和保鲜效应。     

保鲜剂对香石竹切花保鲜的生理效应

经由蔗糖、8-羟基喹啉和醋酸银组成的保鲜剂处理的香石竹切花瓶插寿命延长,吸水能力提高,乙烯生成受抑,乙烯释放高峰和呼吸跃变的出现推迟,吸水率与呼吸强度以及鲜重与花径之间都呈极显著相关。切花在乙烯释放高峰和呼吸跃变时,花瓣电导率迅速提高。保鲜剂抑制花瓣电导率的上升幅度。     

保鲜剂对香石竹切花的保鲜效应

研究了保鲜剂(4％蔗糖 200 mg／L8-HQ 50 mg／L6-BA及4％蔗糖 0．1％明矾 0．02％尿素 0．02％NaCl)对香石竹切花的保鲜效应。结果表明,保鲜剂4％蔗糖 200 mg／L8-HQ 50 mg／L6-BA能明显地缓解切花水分胁迫,改善体内水分平衡,延缓切花衰老,延长切花的寿命。     

激动素对韭菜叶片衰老的影响与活性氧代谢的关系

本文研究了激动素对韭菜离体叶片衰老的影响与活性氧代谢的关系。结果表明,在暗诱导衰老过程中抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽含量和超氧物岐化酶、过氧化氢酶活性均呈下降趋势。激动素在延缓衰老的同时,明显抑制了抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽含量和超氧物岐化酶、过氧化氢酶活性的下降以及膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的积累。证明激动素延缓衰老的作用是通过调节活性氧代谢来实现的。     

采前6-苄基腺嘌呤处理对葡萄品质和贮藏生理特性的影响

以‘红地球’葡萄和‘克瑞森无核’葡萄为试材,研究了采前6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）处理对果实采收时的品质及采后贮藏特性的影响。结果表明,采前20mg·L-1 6-BA处理可以显著提高两种葡萄果实单粒重和单穗重,有效控制贮藏过程中果实腐烂与落粒,显著抑制葡萄的呼吸速率,维持果实硬度,延缓可滴定酸的下降,提高贮藏期间可溶性固形物的含量,抑制果实细胞膜透性的增加,保持细胞膜的完整性,提高葡萄的贮藏品质。     

催花液对唐菖蒲切花水分生理及衰老的影响

本研究用两种不同催花液对唐菖蒲切花进行了处理。结果表明催花液不但具有催花效应,而且具有保鲜效应;催花液Ｉ的效果优于催花液Ⅱ。结果还表明催花液能够提高唐菖蒲切花的开放率（第１５天比对照平均多３４．４８％）,降低衰老率（第１５天比对照平均人低５６．８２％）,明显地缓解切花水分胁迫,改善体内水分平衡,抑制和缓解干物质和蛋白质的降解。     

溴代十六烷基吡啶对香石竹切花的保鲜效应

研究切花瓶插液中加入0．3g．L^-1季铵盐化合物溴代十六烷基吡啶（CPB）后,瓶插液中微生物密度和切花茎杆基部病原菌分离频率下降,切花后期的水分平衡和鲜重能较好地维持,花冠直径增大,观赏寿命延长。     

香石竹开花结实生物学研究

通过田间观察,运用TTC法、联苯胺-过氧化氢法、杂交指数、花粉-胚珠比和套袋实验等方法,对香石竹的开花状态及繁育系统进行了研究。结果表明:在人工栽培条件下,香石竹种群可周年开花,单株花期35～61d,单花花期9～15d;花粉在开花第1～5天具有活力,柱头在开花第4～12天具可授性,第8～11天可授性最强;杂交指数为5,P/O值为307.84～790.52,结合坐果率结果,判断其繁育系统属于异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者。     

Sequence Analysis of the Genome of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

The whole-genome sequence of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cv. ‘Francesco’ was determined using a combination of different new-generation multiplex sequencing platforms. The total length of the non-redundant sequences was 568 887 315 bp, consisting of 45 088 scaffolds, which covered 91% of the 622 Mb carnation genome estimated by k-mer analysis. The N50 values of contigs and scaffolds were 16 644 bp and 60 737 bp, respectively, and the longest scaffold was 1 287 144 bp. The average GC content of the contig sequences was 36%. A total of 1050, 13, 92 and 143 genes for tRNAs, rRNAs, snoRNA and miRNA, respectively, were identified in the assembled genomic sequences. For protein-encoding genes, 43 266 complete and partial gene structures excluding those in transposable elements were deduced. Gene coverage was ∼98%, as deduced from the coverage of the core eukaryotic genes. Intensive characterization of the assigned carnation genes and comparison with those of other plant species revealed characteristic features of the carnation genome. The results of this study will serve as a valuable resource for fundamental and applied research of carnation, especially for breeding new carnation varieties. Further information on the genomic sequences is available at http://carnation.kazusa.or.jp.     

Ethylene biosynthetic genes are differentially expressed during carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flower senescence

Ethylene production and expression patterns of an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (CARAO1) and of two ACC synthase (EC 4.4.1.14) genes (CARACC3 and CARAS1) were studied in floral organs of cut carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cv. White Sim. During the vase life and after treatment of fresh flowers with ethylene, production of ethylene and expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes first started in the ovary followed by the styles and the petals. ACC oxidase was expressed in all the floral organs whereas, during the vase life, tissue-specific expression of the two ACC synthase genes was observed. After treatment with a high ethylene concentration, tissue specificity of the two ACC synthase genes was lost and only a temporal difference in expression remained. In styles, poor correlation between ethylene production and ACC synthase (CARAS1) gene expression was observed suggesting that either activity is regulated at the translational level or that the CARAS1 gene product requires an additional factor for activity.Isolated petals showed no increase in ethylene production and expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes when excised from the flower before the increase in petal ethylene production (before day 7); showed rapid cessation of ethylene production and gene expression when excised during the early phase of petal ethylene production (day 7) and showed a pattern of ethylene production and gene expression similar to the pattern observed in the attached petals when isolated at day 8. The interorgan regulation of gene expression and ethylene as a signal molecule in flower senescence are discussed.     

镧和钐对月季切花衰老的影响

0.5×10-3mol·L-1的La3+和Sm3+溶液均能改善月季切花体内的水分平衡,增加切花鲜重和维持花径大小,减少花瓣溶质外渗,维持细胞膜结构的稳定性,降低呼吸速率,使切花瓶插寿命延长2￣3d。     

不同保鲜剂对香石竹切花的保鲜效果

3种保鲜剂均能不同程度地增加切花鲜重,增大花径,改善切花体内的水分状况,降低过氧化物酶(POD)活性,延长瓶插寿命,其中以保鲜剂3(40mg·L~(-1)苯甲酸+50mg·L~(-1)AgNO_3+3％蔗糖+200mg·L~(-1)8-HQ)的保鲜效果最好。     

1,1-Dimethyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)semicarbazide (DPSS) does not inhibit the in vitro activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase and ACC synthase obtained from senescing carnation Dianthus caryophyllus L.) petals

The effects of 1,1-dimethyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)semicarbazide (DPSS) on the in vitro activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase and ACC synthase isolated from senescing carnation petals were investigated. In contrast to a previous proposal, DPSS at 1 mM did not inhibit the in vitro activity of ACC oxidase. It was confirmed that DPSS does not inhibit ACC synthase activity. DPSS probably does not exert its inhibitory action on ethylene production by a direct action on ACC oxidase and ACC synthase, but by some unknown action.     

含矮壮素的保鲜剂对非洲菊切花衰老的影响

含矮壮素的保鲜剂能增加非洲菊切花瓶插衰老过程中SOD、CAT、POD的活性,削弱MDA含量的增加和的O-2生成速率,减少蛋白质的降解,降低脯氨酸含量和水分散失,维持膜结构的相对稳定性,延长切花瓶插寿命4 d左右.     

Inhibitory Effect of Coronamic Acid Derivatives on Senescence in Cut Carnation Flowers

(+)-(1R,2S)-Allocoronamic acid, (?)-(1S,2R)-allocoronamic acid, and their racemate showed an inhibitory effect on senesence in cut carnation flowers. This antisenescent activity was based on the inhibition of endogenous ethylene formation catalyzed by an ethylene-forming enzyme.