新疆艾比湖流域土壤有机质的空间分布特征及其影响因素

根据新疆艾比湖流域土壤有机质(SOM)数据,分析了土壤质地、植被群落类型和土壤剖面深度3个因素对SOM含量的影响,进一步研究了流域内有机质在不同土壤深度的空间分布特征及其沿土壤剖面深度垂直分布的空间异质性。结果表明:植被群落类型显著影响SOM含量,而土壤质地和深度对有机质总体分布水平影响不显著;随土壤深度变化有机质分布呈现不同的空间变异特征,流域内0—80 cm土壤有机质高含量区域与低含量区域斑块化分布呈现孔穴特征,但在80—120 cm土壤有机质含量变化较为连续,呈现流域东、西两端高而中间低的分布特征;有机质沿土壤深度垂直分布模式在流域内表现出分异特征,流域中部SOM随土壤深度增加而降低,SOM含量从0—20 cm浅层土壤的2.85 g/kg降至100—120 cm深层土壤的1.51 g/kg;但在流域东部和西部SOM随土壤深度增加呈升高趋势,流域西部SOM含量从0—20 cm土壤的1.80 g/kg大幅增加至100—120cm土壤的6.61 g/kg,流域东部SOM含量则从0—20 cm土壤的1.04 g/kg逐步增至100—120 cm土壤的2.86g/kg。艾比湖流域有机质在浅层和深层土壤不同的空间分布特征与干旱区绿洲生态景观斑块化分异特征和植被根际沉积特点密切相关,流域内土壤剖面成土演化的空间异质性对有机质沿土壤深度垂直分布的空间变异性有显著制约。     

黄淮海冲积平原区土壤有机质时空变异特征

通过分析124个样点1980年和2000年耕层土壤的有机质含量,研究了黄淮海冲积平原区河北省曲周县土壤有机质的时空变异特征,研究结果表明,该县目前土训有机质含量平均为12.89g/kg。与1980年相比较增加了4.11g/kg,年均增加0.21g/kg。但因各农户施用有机肥量的不同和管理水平的差异。占全县耕地面积6%的土壤有机质含量不升反降,县内各区域有机质的增长趋势为西南部和东南部高于中部和北部,潮上,盐土和褐土2000年有机质含量分别比1980年增加45.51%,82.48%和68.57%。     

广西中南部耕地土壤有机质和全氮变化的遥感监测

以1981年、2011年土壤数据为基础,以AVHRR和MODIS遥感影像为数据源,通过研究广西中南部土壤有机质、全氮及其变化与归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)、植被覆盖度、植被净初级生产力(NPP)等遥感因子之间的耦合关系,建立表层土壤有机质、全氮含量变化的遥感监测模型。研究表明:近30年来,研究区土壤有机质、全氮变化均呈极显著上升趋势,分别增加了5.43g/kg和0.21g/kg;1981—2011年间,NDVI、植被覆盖度和NPP 3个遥感因子变化趋势一致,均呈现缓慢上升趋势,且遥感因子变化与有机质、全氮变化均具有显著正相关关系;利用逐步线性回归方法,建立土壤有机质、全氮变化的遥感监测模型,分别能够解释有机质、全氮变化的16.9%和20.3%;根据所建模型对研究区耕地土壤有机质、全氮变化可进行空间预测制图。结果表明,研究区内耕地土壤表层有机质、全氮分别上升了6.65g/kg和0.31g/kg,验证结果显示遥感模型能够反映出不同区域土壤有机质和全氮长期变化的空间特征。     

湖南烤烟化学成分与土壤有机质含量的关系

以湖南烟区烤烟样品和对应的土壤样品为材料,研究了烤烟化学成分与土壤有机质含量的关系。结果表明,土壤有机质含量总体水平较高,平均为39.06g.kg-1±11.90g.kg-1;烤烟化学成分均存在着不同程度的变异,烟叶总氮和总钾含量较高,烟碱、总糖、氯和还原糖含量适宜;烤烟烟碱与土壤有机质含量的关系符合线性加平台模型,土壤有机质出现平台的转折点为36.25g.kg-1,与之对应的平台阶段的烟碱含量为3.00%;硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量随土壤有机质含量的增加而增加(P<0.01);石油醚提取物含量则有随土壤有机质含量的增加而减少的趋势;土壤有机质含量分组后,多重比较分析表明烟碱、总氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、石油醚提取物、钾、氯离子、总氮/烟碱、还原糖/烟碱、钾/氯在组间差异均达到5%的显著水平,而总糖和还原糖含量在组间差异不显著。     

典型岩溶流域土壤有机质空间变异——以云南小江流域为例

以云南小江流域为例,利用地统计学与GIS相结合研究岩溶区土壤有机质的空间变异。统计分析结果表明,研究区内土壤有机质含量的总体水平较高,平均为29．0g／kg,变异系数为60．5％,属强变异;半方差函数分析结果表明,流域土壤有机质含量的空间变异具有各向异向性,长、短轴变程分别为39．8km和22．0km,同时由空间自相关部分引起的空间变异性的程度较大,C0／（C0＋C1）值为53．4％,流域土壤有机质含量具有中等的空间相关性;Kriging插值分析结果表明流域土壤有机质含量由东部向西、西南部逐渐降低,其空间分布与流域地质、地貌及土地利用表现出明显的一致性。     

洪湖湿地生态系统土壤有机碳及养分含量特征

洪湖湿地是长江中游地区重要湿地生态区域,在维持区域生态安全中发挥着重要作用.通过对洪湖湿地5种类型土壤进行有机碳及养分含量进行研究,为湿地生态系统地球化学循环及碳储量估算提供重要基础.结果表明,(1)洪湖土壤有机碳含量随土壤容重增加递减.(2)洪湖湿地土壤有机碳平均含量为:湖中淤泥＞洪泛平原湿地＞草本沼泽＞林地＞农田,其中湖底淤泥的有机碳平均含量6.74％,农田的有机碳平均含量为1.241％.此外,有机碳含量随土层的加深而减少.(3)湖底淤泥N的平均含量(4.623±0.535) g/kg、Ca的平均含量(26.262±4.201) g/kg,与洪泛平原湿地、草本沼泽及林地有显著性差异.农田P的平均含量(2.876±1.253) g/kg-、K的平均含量(7.205±0.159) g/kg,与湖底淤泥、洪泛平原湿地、草本沼泽及林地有显著性差异.(4)湖底淤泥中Cu的平均含量(40.19±3.04) mg/kg,Fe的平均含量(8560.90±80.98) mg/kg,Co的平均含量((29.66±0.67) mg/kg),Cu、Fe和Co的平均含量都显著小于洪泛平原湿地、农田及林地,Pb的平均含量(35.13±2.40) mg/kg,Mn的平均含量(749.65±54.07) mg/kg,这两个元素的含量均与农田及林地有显著性的差异.湖底淤泥中重金属元素的平均含量小于其余4种湿地类型土壤.     

青海湖流域矮嵩草草甸土壤有机碳密度分布特征

通过对青海湖流域不同退化程度矮嵩草草甸土壤容重和有机碳含量的测定,确定了其土壤有机碳密度。结果表明:不同退化程度下矮嵩草草甸土壤有机碳含量和变化特征各有不同。从未退化-重度退化,0—100 cm土壤剖面平均有机碳含量分别为(25.17±4.73)g/kg,(17.51±3.06)g/kg,(20.79±1.30)g/kg和(14.53±1.20)g/kg,即未退化中度退化轻度退化重度退化;0—20 cm土壤平均有机碳含量从(64.47±11.70)g/kg减少为(14.52±1.52)g/kg,减少了77.48%。土壤剖面有机碳密度变化趋势与其有机碳含量变化趋势一致。0—100 cm土壤剖面有机碳密度分别为(18.16±4.12)kg/m3,(14.24±3.52)kg/m3,(18.64±2.82)kg/m3和(13.27±2.28)kg/m3,即中度退化未退化轻度退化重度退化;土壤有机碳集中分布在0—40 cm深度,从未退化到严重退化,该深度有机碳密度分别为(32.06±6.41)kg/m3,(25.10±4.20)kg/m3,(22.68±3.17)kg/m3和(17.10±2.77)kg/m3,比整个剖面有机碳密度高出76.53%,76.25%,21.68%和28.88%。不考虑其他因素,以空间尺度代替时间尺度,这一结果说明矮嵩草草甸的退化导致土壤逐渐释放有机碳,其作为储存碳的功能在减弱,必须加强对矮嵩草草甸生态系统的保护,以防止其碳库变为碳源。     

官厅水库消落带土壤有机质空间分布特征

消落带土壤由于在水陆交替的特殊生境和复杂的地球化学共同作用下形成,具有独特的理化性质和生态功能。各营养盐含量在时间和空间上具有较高的变异性,土壤中有机质的分布及迁移和转化均受到复杂的影响。针对官厅水库流域上游妫水河段消落带,选择典型消落带落水区,对该区土壤有机质含量的时空分布特征进行研究。结果表明:1)研究区消落带土壤有机质含量较为贫瘠,变化范围在1.64-26g/kg之间,平均值仅为13.16g/kg,变异系数达50.59%。说明消落带由于季节性干湿交替的特殊水文条件的影响,土壤养分的分布具有较高的空间异质性。淹水频繁区有机质含量平均值为15.74g/kg,高于长期出露区的10.12g/kg,且变异系数为41.38%,小于长期出露区的54.98%。说明淹水频繁区对土壤养分的持留能力更强,且周期性的淹水条件使得研究区近岸具有相似的生境类型,不同采样点土壤有机质含量的差异相对较小。2)不同植物群落下,芦苇和香蒲群落土壤有机质含量最高,平均值为17.08g/kg;含量最低的是以小叶杨和白羊草为主的中旱生植物带,平均值为9.12g/kg;其次是酸模叶蓼、大刺儿菜为优势物种的湿生植物带,土壤有机质含量平均值为15.49g/kg。3)不同土壤层次有机质含量差异较大,总体变化趋势均由表层向下逐渐减少,各层之间体现出显著差异性(P0.05)。研究区土壤C/N变化范围在1.64-18.95,平均值为8.95。说明研究区土壤碳氮比相对较低,有机质的腐殖化程度较高,且长期出露区土壤有机质更容易发生分解,C的累积速度远小于N。土壤C/N垂直分布大致呈先增大后减小趋势,在30cm处达到最大值,而后随着土壤深度的增加逐渐减小。4)消落带土壤有机质分布的影响因素分析中,土壤有机质与全磷呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.62(P0.01);与土壤全氮和C/N呈显著正相关(R=0.57,0.60;P0.05)。这说明研究区土壤全磷、全氮、C/N和有机质明显具有相同的变化趋势,和有机质存在相互影响。其次,土壤有机质和湿度在呈显著负相关(R=-0.51;P0.05),表明研究区土壤湿度对有机质含量具有显著的影响。气候因子中,温度对研究区土壤有机质的分布具有显著的影响,相关系数为-0.51(P0.05)。植被因子中,植被覆盖度和土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.64,表明植被因子也是影响土壤有机质分布的重要因素之一。     

横断山北部生态脆弱区土壤磷素空间分布特征

根据90个样点表层(0~20cm)土壤磷素的化验数据,在A rcG IS8.1平台上运用地统计学方法研究了横断山北部土壤磷素的空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明,该区土壤全磷和速效磷含量均属中上水平,全磷含量达1.20±0.66 g k-g 1,速效磷含量达13.7±12.6m g k-g 1。土壤全磷空间分布总体上呈团状或块状,高值区(1.8~2.8g k-g 1)主要分布于雅砻江流域西岸甘孜、新龙段和金沙江白玉、巴塘段之间的区域,并向西北和东南方向逐渐减少,低值区(<0.7g k-g 1)则主要分布于稻城县南部以及莫拉山以南德格以北的一个狭长区域;速效磷空间分布总体上呈小团块状,高值区(28~55m g k-g 1)主要分布于雅砻江中游的甘孜县东部和西部,并向西北和正南方向逐渐减少,低值区(<12m g kg-1)则主要分布于研究区东南部和南部边缘。成土母质本身含磷量和风化程度的不同使得磷素空间分布存在一定的水平、垂直分布特征。土地利用方式、海拔和坡度通过气候差异或土壤侵蚀程度来影响磷素含量。     

江苏省土壤有机质变异及其主要影响因素

土壤有机质在陆地生态系统中具有重要作用,是估算土壤碳储量、评价土壤肥力和质量的重要指标。从省域尺度上分析土壤有机质的分布和变异,及其影响因素,对节能减排和土壤的可持续利用具有重要的指导意义。以江苏省第二次土壤普查的1519个土壤剖面数据为基础,分析了江苏省表层(0-20 cm)土壤有机质分布、变异及其影响因素。结果表明,全省土壤有机质平均含量为(16.55±8.49) g/kg,变异系数为51.36%,属中等变异水平。不同土壤类型有机质含量差异较大,沼泽土最高,为31.60 g/kg,棕壤最低,为8.69 g/kg;自然土壤的有机质含量变异程度大于耕作土壤。年均温、年均降雨量、成土母质、土地利用、土壤质地和土壤pH对全省土壤有机质含量变异的综合能解释能力为52.6%。土壤质地和年均温是有机质含量变异的主要影响因素,土壤质地对其变异的影响大于年均温,二者能够独立解释其变异的32.0%和23.4%。     

Estimation of soil organic matter by geostatistical methods: Use of auxiliary information in agricultural and environmental assessment

Mapping soil properties such as soil organic matter (SOM), or soil organic carbon (SOC) content represent a problem often arising in agronomic and environmental surveys, since point data must be spatialized with the best interpolation. Deterministic methods (Inverse Distance Weighting, Splines, ecc.) do not account for the error, thus probabilistic methods as geostatistics (e.g. Ordinary Kriging, OK) have been successfully applied for many years. Maps derived from this kind of stochastic interpolation, based only on a recognized autocorrelation among measured points, could not be suitable in representing the reality, since they usually show a smoothed pattern. Hybrid interpolation methods, such as Regression Kriging (RK), combine an interpolation based only on point data and an interpolation based on a regression of the target variable with other continuous variables, spatially related, well known on the whole area.In the Teramo province, central Italy, a set of 250 soil samples, collected from the surface horizon of agricultural soils is available. From these samples the estimation of soil texture, SOC, SOM related to texture and C/N both by OK and RK was performed. The following predictors were used for RK: (i) indexes derived from Landsat TM imagery, (ii) morphometric parameters derived from DEM, (iii) soil subsystems map 1:250,000. The maps obtained by both OK and RK in this survey show substantial agreement, without significant improvement in map accuracy using auxiliary information.     

Spatial Impacts of Stream and Wetland Restoration on Riparian Soil Properties in the North Carolina Piedmont

Hydric soil development of riparian wetlands is primarily influenced by the hydrologic connection between the floodplains and the stream channel. Often, the goal of riparian restoration is to revitalize this connectivity through a restructuring of the stream channel and the floodplain; however, the effects of this restructuring on the physical and spatial characteristics of soil properties are rarely considered. The objective of this study was to quantify the impacts of restoration efforts on the spatial characteristics of soil properties by means of a pre‐ and post‐restoration comparison. We determined that the spatial patterns of soil organic matter (SOM) and exchangeable phosphorus (P_ex) appeared less variable in the years following restoration than in the years before restoration. Mean SOM significantly decreased after restoration, whereas mean P_ex significantly increased. The spatial characteristics and mean concentrations of NO₂–NO₃ did not differ much between sampling dates. The loss of this spatial patterning in SOM and P_ex and the decrease in SOM pools may represent negative impacts of restoration on important ecosystem characteristics. This study demonstrates that soil properties and spatial patterns can be negatively affected by restoration activities potentially hindering ecosystem development and function.     

杉木人工林土壤有机质研究

土壤有机质在养分循环、土壤理化性质等方面具有重要作用,是陆地生态系统重要的碳库,对全球碳素循环的平衡起着重要作用．本文详细阐述了杉木林地土壤有机质的性质与组成。杉木连栽对土壤有机质含量、腐殖质结合形态的影响以及林分发育过程中土壤有机质的变化,炼山、整地、施肥等经营活动对杉木林地土壤有机质的影响．杉木纯林有机质含量和质量均低于混交林,且随栽植代数的增加有机质含量和质量呈下降趋势,林地土壤肥力下降．最后提出应加强对土壤有机质周转模型、有机质组分,尤其是活性有机质以及有机质与全球碳循环关系的研究．     

Characterization of soil organic matter from a sandy soil in relation to management practice using FT-IR spectroscopy

Previous results from differently fertilized long-term field experiments on a sandy soil suggested that the chemical composition of soil organic matter (SOM) is affected by fertilization. The objective of this paper is to confirm this finding for a site with higher soil-clay contents. Four combinations of different fertilizer treatments at long-term field experiment located at a sandy loam were selected: liquid manure (LM), liquid manure+N (LM+N), straw+N (S+N) and mineral nitrogen only (N). Soil organic matter was extracted using sodium pyrophosphate solution at pH of 10 and hot water. The extracts were analyzed using Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the composition of SOM from the hot water extracts did not show significant differences while the sodium pyrophosphate extracted SOM is affected by the type of fertilization. Soil samples fertilized with LM+N and S+N show the highest intensity of the carboxyl band. This can be explained by the fact that the combination of S+N fertilization with green manure leads to an enrichment of carboxyl groups in SOM. Differences between the band intensities of the treatments for the SOM samples are, however, not as distinct as for the sandy soil samples. This is possibly a result of the higher clay content and lower age of the long-term experiment at the sandy loam site. The intensity of the carboxyl band of the SOM is correlated with the cation exchange capacity of the soil samples. The composition of SOM may, in addition to the SOM content, be used for studying quantitative effects of different management practices or even land use changes on soil properties. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: Implications for C-saturation of soils

The relationship between soil structure and the ability of soil to stabilize soil organic matter (SOM) is a key element in soil C dynamics that has either been overlooked or treated in a cursory fashion when developing SOM models. The purpose of this paper is to review current knowledge of SOM dynamics within the framework of a newly proposed soil C saturation concept. Initially, we distinguish SOM that is protected against decomposition by various mechanisms from that which is not protected from decomposition. Methods of quantification and characteristics of three SOM pools defined as protected are discussed. Soil organic matter can be: (1) physically stabilized, or protected from decomposition, through microaggregation, or (2) intimate association with silt and clay particles, and (3) can be biochemically stabilized through the formation of recalcitrant SOM compounds. In addition to behavior of each SOM pool, we discuss implications of changes in land management on processes by which SOM compounds undergo protection and release. The characteristics and responses to changes in land use or land management are described for the light fraction (LF) and particulate organic matter (POM). We defined the LF and POM not occluded within microaggregates (53–250 m sized aggregates as unprotected. Our conclusions are illustrated in a new conceptual SOM model that differs from most SOM models in that the model state variables are measurable SOM pools. We suggest that physicochemical characteristics inherent to soils define the maximum protective capacity of these pools, which limits increases in SOM (i.e. C sequestration) with increased organic residue inputs.     

Rhizosphere priming effect increases the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition

The temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition has been a crucial topic in global change research, yet remains highly uncertain. One of the contributing factors to this uncertainty is the lack of understanding about the role of rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) in shaping the temperature sensitivity. Using a novel continuous ¹³C‐labeling method, we investigated the temperature sensitivity of RPE and its impact on the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition. We observed an overall positive RPE. The SOM decomposition rates in the planted treatments increased 17–163% above the unplanted treatments in three growth chamber experiments including two plant species, two growth stages, and two warming methods. More importantly, warming by 5 °C increased RPE up to threefold, hence, the overall temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition was consistently enhanced (Q₁₀ values increased 0.3–0.9) by the presence of active rhizosphere. In addition, the proportional contribution of SOM decomposition to total soil respiration was increased by soil warming, implying a higher temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition than that of autotrophic respiration. Our results, for the first time, clearly demonstrated that root–soil interactions play a crucial role in shaping the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition. Caution is required for interpretation of any previously determined temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition that omitted rhizosphere effects using either soil incubation or field root‐exclusion. More attention should be paid to RPE in future experimental and modeling studies of SOM decomposition.     

Zones of influence for soil organic matter dynamics: A conceptual framework for data and models

Soil organic matter (SOM) is an indicator of sustainable land management as stated in the global indicator framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG Indicator 15.3.1). Improved forecasting of future changes in SOM is needed to support the development of more sustainable land management under a changing climate. Current models fail to reproduce historical trends in SOM both within and during transition between ecosystems. More realistic spatio‐temporal SOM dynamics require inclusion of the recent paradigm shift from SOM recalcitrance as an ‘intrinsic property’ to SOM persistence as an ‘ecosystem interaction’. We present a soil profile, or pedon‐explicit, ecosystem‐scale framework for data and models of SOM distribution and dynamics which can better represent land use transitions. Ecosystem‐scale drivers are integrated with pedon‐scale processes in two zones of influence. In the upper vegetation zone, SOM is affected primarily by plant inputs (above‐ and belowground), climate, microbial activity and physical aggregation and is prone to destabilization. In the lower mineral matrix zone, SOM inputs from the vegetation zone are controlled primarily by mineral phase and chemical interactions, resulting in more favourable conditions for SOM persistence. Vegetation zone boundary conditions vary spatially at landscape scales (vegetation cover) and temporally at decadal scales (climate). Mineral matrix zone boundary conditions vary spatially at landscape scales (geology, topography) but change only slowly. The thicknesses of the two zones and their transport connectivity are dynamic and affected by plant cover, land use practices, climate and feedbacks from current SOM stock in each layer. Using this framework, we identify several areas where greater knowledge is needed to advance the emerging paradigm of SOM dynamics—improved representation of plant‐derived carbon inputs, contributions of soil biota to SOM storage and effect of dynamic soil structure on SOM storage—and how this can be combined with robust and efficient soil monitoring.     

土壤有机质模型的比较分析

土壤有机质作为土壤C库,其含量和动态变化对全球C循环、土壤肥力、土壤质量和健康起着重要作用。SOM模型利用经验性的假设和已有数据对土壤有机质含量和动态变化进行模拟,尤其是可以对无法取得足够必要数据的试验进行模拟,所以SOM模型成为定量研究土壤有机质积累分解的重要手段,利用SOM模型有助于对土壤有机质分解机理的研究,并且可通过SOM模型对土壤CO2排放量、植物生产量进行预测。同时也可对农业管理措施做出评估,文中对几种SOM模型进行了概述,尤其对有影响的RothC模型和CENTURY模型进行了比较分析。     

Effects of soil organic matter and bacterial community shift on bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil

Bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soils were applied to investigating effects of soil organic matter (SOM) and bacterial community shift. Soil samples were artificially contaminated with diesel oil, ranging from 4000 to 12000 mg/kg soil, remediated with laboratory-scale landfarming batch applications. The SOM levels in our experiment were 2.3% (presented as SOM15), 8.9% (SOM092), and 11.8% (SOM125). Based on each of the SOM levels, bioremediation approaches of bioaugmentation (BA015, BA092, and BA125) and using indigenous microorganisms as control groups (CT015, CT092, and CT125) were tested. After about 300-day operation, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation efficiency became 73%, 63%, and 59% in SOM015, SOM092, and SOM125, respectively. Their 1st order degradation rates also reduced with the increase of SOM. We preliminarily concluded that SOM affected the TPH degradation efficiency and 1st degradation rates. With a logarithm transformation, the degradation pattern of SOM092 and SOM125 found to resemble each other. No apparent improvement was found from the BA batches. Our Intergenic spacer (ITS) microarray result indicated the existence of diesel-degrading bacteria in the indigenous communities. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS) based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) data indicated that 1) CT community became similar to BA community, once the 1st degradation stage started, impling an activation of the indigenous bacteria; 2) the degradation stage affected the community dynamics more than the SOM or the remediation approaches could do, and 3) both BA092 and BA125 located in the same cluster on the MDS plot all the time, revealing the similar communities. The similar communities might cause the comparable degradation patterns in SOM092 and SOM125. The bacteria community shift found useful in explaining the TPH degradation performance.