乙肝患者血清标志物与肝纤维化血清学指标的相关性分析

目的:探讨乙肝患者血清标志物与肝纤维化血清学指标的相关性。方法:收集我院收治的136例乙型病毒肝炎患者,根据轻中重程度分为轻度组、中度组以及重度组,每组42例。观察并比较所有患者乙肝血清标志物、HBV-DNA水平、透明质酸(HA),血清Ⅲ型前胶原肽(PCⅢ),Ⅳ型胶原(CIV)水平以及层粘连蛋白(LN)水平。结果:三组患者的HBV-DNA水平依次升高,与轻度组相比,中度组、重度组患者HBV-DNA水平较高,与中度组患者相比,重度组患者HBV-DNA水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与轻度组相比,中度组、重度组患者HA、PCⅢ、CIV、LN水平较高,与中度组患者相比,重度组患者HA、PCⅢ水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);HBV-DNA水平与HA、PCⅢ、CIV、LN水平均呈显著正相关。结论:乙肝患者的血清学检测指标与血清肝纤维化测定有助于对乙肝的纤维化过程的进展情况进行评估。     

TGF-β1表达与乙肝患者肝纤维化的关系及临床意义

目的:探讨转化生长因子β1(TGF-β 1)与慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)相关性肝病尤其是肝纤维化发生的关系及临床意义.方法:酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定45例慢性乙肝患者(乙肝组)、39例肝硬化患者(肝硬化组)及30例健康者(对照组)血清中的TGF-β1的含量,并检测肝纤维化指标.结果:乙肝组和肝硬化组的血清TGF-β1水平高于对照组,且乙肝组血清TGF-β水平明显低于肝硬化组(P<0.05).乙肝组和肝硬化组的肝纤维化指标Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C),层黏连蛋白(LN),透明质酸(HA)的浓度均明显高于对照组,且肝硬化组肝纤维化指标均高于乙肝组(P<0.05).血清TGF-β1水平与肝纤维化指标均呈正相关(r=0.537、0.653、0.756,P<0.05).结论:TGF-β1水平与乙肝患者肝纤维密切相关,降低TGF-β1的水平,可能是防治乙肝患者后期肝纤维化的一种新方法.     

甲亢甲低患者肝纤维化指标检测的临床意义分析

目的:探讨甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)、甲状腺功能减低(甲低)与肝纤维化指标的关系及其可能的机制。方法:采用放射免疫分析法(R1A)检测57例甲亢患者、43例甲低患者、39例甲亢治疗后甲状腺激素正常者和50例健康成人的血清Ⅳ型胶原(1V-C)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH、TGA、TMA含量。结果:甲亢患者组血清中1V-C、PCⅢ含量比正常对照组及甲低患者组显著性增高(P<0.05);治疗后甲状腺激素下降,1V-C、PCⅢ含量也随之下降(与治疗前比较P<0.01);HA、LN在四组中无显著性差异(P>0.05),在甲亢治疗前后无显著性差异(P>0.05)。各项肝纤维化指标与TGA、TMA的阳性率无关。结论:甲亢患者可有不同程度的肝功能损害,血清中甲状腺激素水平增高时,1V-C、PCⅢ水平也增高,在用1V-C、PCⅢ判断肝纤维化时应注意有无甲状腺疾病特别是甲亢。未发现HA、LN含量与甲状腺激素水平的关系。     

高山红景天对肝纤维化大鼠PDGF-BB mRNA表达的影响

目的:观察单方生药高山红景天对实验性肝纤维化大鼠的疗效,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:将实验动物随机分为正常对照组(A)、模型组(B)、秋水仙碱组(C)、红景天高剂量组(D)、红景天低剂量组(E)。除正常对照组外,其余4组均用四氯化碳诱发肝纤维化。各组于造模第8周末处死动物,分别用放射免疫法检测血清层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、透明质酸(HA)及Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ);RT-PCR检测肝组织PDGF-BB mRNA的表达。结果:与模型组大鼠比较,经该中药治疗,大鼠血清中LN、PCⅢ、HA、CⅣ水平明显降低(P<0.01);大鼠肝组织内PDGF-BBmRNA表达明显下降(P<0.01);大鼠肝组织病理学检测改善显著。结论:单方生药高山红景天能有效地抑制肝纤维化的发展,其机制可能是通过下调肝组织内PDGF-BB mRNA表达,降低ECM的分泌而达到的。     

乙肝患者血清肝纤维化标志物与HBV DNA含量分析

目的 动态观察肝纤维化活动性与肝脏病变程度。方法 采用放射免疫法检测血清中透明质酸（HA）、层连蛋白（IN）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PC-Ⅲ）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）肝纤维化标志物;采用核扩增荧光定量检测HBVDNA。结果 随着年龄的不同血清肝纤维化标志物水平变化呈多样性,而各年龄组间的病毒含量差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 肝炎患者HBV复制活跃,传染性强,但并不表明肝炎后肝病的严重程度。     

银杏叶提取物联合恩替卡韦对慢性乙肝致肝纤维化的干预研究

目的:探讨银杏叶提取物(EGb761)联合恩替卡韦对慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化指标的影响.方法:将45例慢性乙型肝炎患者分为治疗组22例及对照组23例,治疗组应用EGb761及恩替卡韦治疗,对照组仅予恩替卡韦治疗,连续治疗2个月.治疗前后分别检测肝功能、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型前胶原(PClⅣ)、透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)水平.结果:治疗后治疗组肝纤雏化指标较对照组明显改善(P均＜0.001).结论:银杏叶提取物EGb761恩替卡韦联合应用对慢性乙肝有明显的抗肝纤维化作用.     

重组人粒细胞刺激因子对肝纤维化大鼠的修复作用

目的:观察重组人粒细胞刺激因子(rh G-CSF)对肝纤维化大鼠的修复作用。方法:选取清洁级Wistar大鼠30只分为3组,即正常组、肝纤维化模型组(等量生理盐水)、实验组(rh G-CSF 200μg/kg·d),每组各10只,除正常组外均采用四氯化碳(CCl4)综合法建立肝纤维化模型,造模成功后,皮下注射相应药物1周,处死大鼠后,留取血清、肝组织,检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBIL)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、肌酸激酶(CK)、透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、羟脯氨酸(Hyp)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)等肝功能及肝纤维化指标的变化,采用HE染色及Masson染色观察各组大鼠肝组织病理变化情况。结果:1与对照组相比,模型组、实验组大鼠血清ALT、AST、TBIL均上升(P0.05),ALB均降低(P0.05);与模型组对比,实验组ALT、AST、TBIL降低,ALB升高(P0.05);2与对照组相比,模型组、实验组HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C上升(P0.05);与模型组对比,实验组HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C均降低,对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3与对照组相比,模型组、实验组ALP、CK上升(P0.05);与模型组对比,实验组ALP、CK降低,对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);4与对照组相比,模型组、实验组Hy P上升(P0.05);与模型组对比,实验组Hy P降低,对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:rh G-CSF可促进肝纤维化大鼠肝功能修复,减轻肝纤维化程度。     

育阴软肝颗粒剂对肝纤维化大鼠TGF-β1表达的影响

目的：观测育阴软肝颗粒剂对大鼠肝纤维化模型的防治作用及对转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）表达的影响。方法：将Wistar大鼠分为6组（n=10）,注射四氯化碳、饲以高脂饲料并饮用20%乙醇6周复制肝纤维化大鼠模型,经6.2~24.8 g/kg育阴软肝颗粒剂干预（qd）6周后,测定肝纤维化大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性、透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、Ⅳ型胶原（C-Ⅳ）及板层素（LN）含量,观测肝组织病理学及肝组织TGF-β1表达的变化,对育阴软肝颗粒剂防治肝纤维作用及机制进行研究。结果：实验第7周,模型组大鼠肝组织出现明显的纤维化病变（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,6.2~24.8g/kg的育阴软肝颗粒剂能明显降低肝指数以及血清ALT、AST活性与HA、PCⅢ、C-Ⅳ、LN含量,缓解肝组织纤维化病理变化,抑制纤维化肝组织TGF-β1的表达（P<0.05,0.01）。结论：育阴软肝颗粒剂对多因素复制肝纤维化大鼠造模具有明显的治疗作用,而抑制TGF-β1的表达可能是其作用机制之一。     

甲亢甲低患者肝纤维化指标检测的临床意义分析

目的：探讨甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）、甲状腺功能减低（甲低）与肝纤维化指标的关系及其可能的机制。方法：采用放射免疫分析法（R1A）检测57例甲亢患者、43例甲低患者、39例甲亢治疗后甲状腺激素正常者和50例健康成人的血清Ⅳ型胶原（1V-C）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、透明质酸（HA）、层粘连蛋白（LN）、T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH、TGA、TMA含量。结果：甲亢患者组血清中1V-C、PCⅢ含量比正常对照组及甲低患者组显著性增高（P〈0.05）;治疗后甲状腺激素下降,1V-C、PCⅢ含量也随之下降（与治疗前比较P〈0.01）;HA、LN在四组中无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,在甲亢治疗前后无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。各项肝纤维化指标与TGA、TMA的阳性率无关。结论：甲亢患者可有不同程度的肝功能损害,血清中甲状腺激素水平增高时,1V-C、PCⅢ水平也增高,在用1V-C、PCⅢ判断肝纤维化时应注意有无甲状腺疾病特别是甲亢。未发现HA、LN含量与甲状腺激素水平的关系。     

乙肝患者肝纤维化血清标志物表达水平及其临床意义

目的探讨乙肝患者肝纤维化血清标志物表达水平及其与病情、病程的关系。方法用R IA方法对135例乙肝患者进行血清透明质酸酶(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型胶原前体(PⅢC)、Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)检测。结果乙肝患者血清中HA、LN、PⅢC和ⅣC水平分别为(338.7±122.6)、(226.2±43.3)、(152.8±33.7)和(132.6±41.1)μg/L。其中,急性黄疸肝炎、慢性肝炎轻度、慢性肝炎中度、慢性肝炎重度、肝硬变代偿期、肝硬变失代偿期、肝癌和肝硬变+肝癌患者HA、LN、PⅢC和ⅣC水平分别为(134.2±101.4)、(185.1±104.5)、(373.5±147.1)、(445.5±123.6)、(477.3±186.0)、(653.7±98.5)、(597.5±91.3)和(723.6±110.4)μg/L;(106.7±31.3)、(179.5±28.5)、(234.6±66.1)、(287.3±57.0)、(294.8±66.4)、(345.6±61.2)、(322.1±71.0)和(357.8±88.3)μg/L;(103.5±19.2)、(108.6±21.4)、(145.3±37.3)、(194.5±41.7)、(188.8±39.5)、(247.6±48.0)、(251.3±37.3)和(286.7±35.8)μg/L;(49.6±14.7)、(83.4±15.3)、(134.5±50.5)、(178.7±61.4)、(183.2±61.3)、(256.8±72.4)、(217.7±64.5)和(281.1±57.0)μg/L。结论肝癌、肝硬化、肝硬变+肝癌和慢性肝炎重度患者存在明显的肝纤维化征象,急性黄疸肝炎、慢性肝炎轻度患者肝纤维化程度较轻,在一定范围内肝纤维化程度与肝病的病情、病程关系密切。     

细胞程序性死亡通路的研究进展

细胞程序性死亡(programmed cell death,PCD)一直被看做是细胞凋亡(apoptosis).随着细胞生物学研究的深入,新的细胞死亡途径逐渐被揭示出来,如胀亡、自噬、副凋亡等.这些通路有些是caspase依赖的,有些不依赖于caspase途径.在细胞程序性死亡过程中,各种通路不是单独起作用的,而是相互交联的,有彼此重叠的机制出现.目前,Clarke形态学分类法是得到大多数学者认可的细胞程序性死亡的分类方式.按照该分类法,可将PCD分为3大类,即:Ⅰ型细胞程序性死亡、Ⅱ型细胞程序性死亡和Ⅲ型细胞程序性死亡.     

Expression cloning of TGF-beta receptors.

Using a powerful expression cloning method in COS cells, we have cloned the TGF-beta types II and III receptors. The type III TGF-beta receptor is a membrane-bound proteoglycan with a core protein of about 110 kDa. Stable expression of the type III receptor in L6 myoblasts leads to an apparent increase in the ability of the type II receptor to bind iodinated TGF-beta 1. The cloned type II receptor has a predicted protein core of about 60 kDa with a cysteine-rich extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a functional serine/threonine kinase domain that is homologous to the activin receptor and to the C. elegans protein daf-1. These results implicate serine/threonine phosphorylation as an important mechanism of TGF-beta action.     

Towards a systems biology approach to study type II/IV secretion systems

Many gram-negative bacteria produce thin protein filaments, named pili, which extend beyond the confines of the outer membrane. The importance of these pili is illustrated by the fact that highly complex, multi-protein pilus-assembly machines have evolved, not once, but several times. Their many functions include motility, adhesion, secretion, and DNA transfer, all of which can contribute to the virulence of bacterial pathogens or to the spread of virulence factors by horizontal gene transfer. The medical importance has stimulated extensive biochemical and genetic studies but the assembly and function of pili remains an enigma. It is clear that progress in this field requires a more holistic approach where the entire molecular apparatus that forms the pilus is studied as a system. In recent years systems biology approaches have started to complement classical studies of pili and their assembly. Moreover, continued progress in structural biology is building a picture of the components that make up the assembly machine. However, the complexity and multiple-membrane spanning nature of these secretion systems pose formidable technical challenges, and it will require a concerted effort before we can create comprehensive and predictive models of these remarkable molecular machines.     

细菌脂肪酶分泌的研究进展

细菌脂肪酶是一类重要的工业用酶,其分泌系统有着严谨的机制。革兰阳性细菌利用Sec-转运系统使脂肪酶跨过质膜完成分泌;革兰氏阴性细菌的外泌蛋白通过Sec-转运系统、Tat-转运系统或其他机制跨越内膜后,还必须利用Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型与Ⅴ型分泌系统来完成跨外膜分泌。详细介绍细菌脂肪酶分泌主要依赖的Sec-或Tat-跨内膜的转运系统及革兰氏阴性细菌的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型与Ⅴ型自分泌系统的3种不同分泌方式。细菌脂肪酶分泌的研究对人们认识其分泌机制,并利用基因工程的手段提高其外泌产量等具有重要的指导意义。     

白蚁的外部形态和分类系统

等翅目Isoptera(白蚁)在有翅昆虫亚纲进化的谱系中是属于一类比较原始的昆虫,与蜚蠊目Blattaria昆虫有比较密切的亲缘关系。 白蚁有翅成虫的头部形态、前后翅的等同、翅脉的复杂结构以及腹部的形态,都和低等的有翅昆虫或古代绝灭的昆虫相类似。但白蚁的生活习性和兵蚁的形态特征,在整个昆虫纲中是属于极为进化的一个类群。兵蚁的形态极为特化。双眼的退化、前后翅的     

A reappraisal of the evidence for regulation of wolf populations

The dogma that gray wolf (Canis lupus) population densities in naturally occurring systems are limited almost solely by available ungulate biomass is based upon studies that fit straight line linear regressions (Type 1 numerical response) to data collected at 32 sites across North America. We fit Type 1, 2, and 3 response functions to the data using linear and nonlinear regression as appropriate and found that the evidence supported wolf population regulation by density-dependence as much as limitation by prey availability. When we excluded 4 of 32 points from the original data set because those points represented exploited or expanding wolf populations the data suggested that wolf populations are self regulated rather than limited by prey biomass by at least a 3:1 margin. In establishing goals for sustainable wolf population levels, managers of wolf reintroductions and species recovery efforts should account for the possibility that some regulatory mechanism plays an important role in wolf population dynamics. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.     

肠道菌群和糖尿病的关系

随着生活水平的提高,糖尿病的发病率逐年升高。近几年的研究显示,糖尿病的发病不仅和遗传因素、饮食结构等有关,还和机体的内环境与外环境有关。肠道菌群作为环境因素中的重要因子参与机体代谢,并且肠道菌群的紊乱也成为导致1型和2型糖尿病的重要因素。本研究就肠道菌群的改变及调节与1型和2型糖尿病关系的研究进展进行简要综述。     

Collagen XI chain misassembly in cartilage of the chondrodysplasia (cho) mouse

Molecular mechanisms controlling the assembly of cartilage-specific types II, IX and XI collagens into a heteropolymeric network of uniformly thin, unbanded fibrils are not well understood, but collagen XI has been implicated. The present study on cartilage from the homozygous chondrodysplasia (cho/cho) mouse adds support to this concept. In the absence of alpha1(XI) collagen chains, thick, banded collagen fibrils are formed in the extracellular matrix of cho/cho cartilage. A functional knock-out of the type XI collagen molecule has been assumed. We have re-examined this at the protein level to see if, rather than a complete knock-out, alternative type XI chain assemblies were formed. Mass spectrometry of purified triple-helical collagen from the rib cartilage of cho/cho mice identified alpha1(V) and alpha2(XI) chains. These chains were recovered in roughly equal amounts based on Coomassie Blue staining of SDS-PAGE gels, in addition to alpha1(II)/alpha3(XI) collagen chains. Using telopeptide-specific antibodies and Western blot analysis, it was further shown that type V/XI trimers were present in the matrix cross-linked to each other and to type II collagen molecules to form heteropolymers. Cartilage from heterozygous (cho/+) mice contained a mix of alpha1(V) and alpha1(XI) chains and a mix of thin and thick fibrils on transmission electron microscopy. In summary, the results imply that native type XI collagen molecules containing an alpha1(XI) chain are required to form uniformly thin fibrils and support a role for type XI collagen as the template for the characteristic type II collagen fibril network of developing cartilage.     

Values,Errors, and Precautions

In the environmental health literature, errors in interpreting studies or data are not infrequent. Many are of the Type II variety. Common solecisms of this type are: treating the criterion of p < 0.05 as a sacrament; demanding complete confounder control; arguing for the existence of phantom confounders; arguing that the effect size is trivial; building nonveridical models; arguing for no effect from inadequate sample size; demanding causal proof; arguing that causality is reversed; conducting a ballot of published studies. These are examined in this paper.     

Collagen type V enhances matrix contraction by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts seeded in three-dimensional collagen gels

Extracellular matrix components play an important role in modulating cellular activity. To study such capacities of the matrix, fibroblasts are frequently cultured in a three-dimensional gel and contraction is assessed as a measure of cellular activity. Since a connective tissue contains several types of collagen, we investigated the effect of gels composed of collagen I alone or in combination with 10% collagen III and/or 5% collagen V on contraction by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Gels containing collagen V contracted much faster than those without this type of collagen. Blocking of the integrin beta1-subunit with an activity-blocking antibody delayed (gels with collagen V) or almost completely blocked (gels without collagen V) contraction. Use of an antibody directed against integrin alpha2beta1 resulted in delay of gel contraction for gels both with and without collagen V. Anti-integrin alpha v beta3 or RGD peptides partially blocked contraction of gels containing collagen V, but had no effect on gels consisting of collagen I alone. The beta1-containing integrins are involved in the basal contraction by fibroblasts that bind to collagens I and III. The enhanced contraction, stimulated by collagen V, appears to be mediated by integrin alpha v beta3. We conclude that collagen V may play an important modulating role in connective tissue contraction. Such a modulation may occur during the initial stages of wound healing and/or tissue regeneration.